Definition:
A
Public Policy is a goal oriented course of action adopted and implemented by
the government bodies and officials in pursuit of certain objectives or goals
of public interest.
Basically,
Public Policies are:
- Goal oriented
- Decision making process
- Government’s collective action
- Addresses public concerns
- Interaction of people’s demands with power structures
Importance of
Public Policies:
Although
the trend of privatization made the governments to relax from many areas of
development still there are many important areas which needs to be focused for
the sake of public interest and for social welfare and growth. Thus the study
of Public Policy, also called ‘Planned view of development’, gains much more
relevance.
The
scientific analysis of public policy helps in understanding the causes and
consequences of the policy thereby facilitating practical solutions to social
problems.
A
Policy which is formulated and is implemented in a participative, transparent,
open and accountable manner is an effective public policy serving public
interest.
Stages in Public
Policy Process:
(i) Policy
Formulation:
A
policy will be formulated in a coherent fashion keeping in mind the needs,
interests, and problems of the society. It covers the larger sections of the
society too.
(ii) Policy
Education:
Educating
the masses and actual beneficiaries about the formulated policies and their
impacts through media.
(iii) Policy
Implementation:
This
is a crucial stage which actually decides the translation of the policy goals
into action. It is the task of the executive branch of the government to
systematically act upon the policies with the available resources.
(iv) Policy
Monitoring:
Monitoring
is the task done after the implementation and performing auditing and reporting
process.
(v) Policy
Impact:
A
quantitative and qualitative study needs to be done to know the impact of the
policy.
Types of Public
Policies:
- Welfare & Development Public policies
- Regulatory Public policies
- Distributive & Re-distributive policies
Institutions
that play a crucial role in policy making are:
- Legislature
- Executive
- Cabinet and Cabinet secretariat
- Prime Minister and Prime Minister’s Office
- NDC and Planning Commission
- IAS, IPS and IFS officers
- Judiciary.
- National Policy for Farmers, 2007
- Agriculture Pricing Policy
- National Agriculture Development Programme or Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
- Agriculture Policy: A Vision for 2020
- Consolidated FDI Policy, 2010
- National Employment Policy, 2008
- National Manufacturing Policy, 2011
- National Drug Policy
- National Pharmaceutical Policy, 2002
- National Broadband Policy, 2004
- National Policy on Information Technology, 2011
- National Policy on Electronics, 2011
- National Policy on Education, 1968
- National Policy on Education, 1986
- National Programme of Action
- Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan- Education For All
- Policy Statement on Environment and Development
- National Skill Development Policy
- National Nutrition Policy
- National Health Policy of 2002
- National Population Policy of 2000
- National Mineral Policy
- National Electricity Policy, 2003
- Rural Electrification Policy
- National Policy on Older Persons
- National Policy for Empowerment of Women
- National Telecom Policy, 2011
- National Water Policy, 2002
- National Urban Sanitation Policy
- National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy
- National Tourism Policy, 2002.
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