Friday, April 20, 2012

PUBLIC POLICY IN INDIA

Definition:
A Public Policy is a goal oriented course of action adopted and implemented by the government bodies and officials in pursuit of certain objectives or goals of public interest.
Basically, Public Policies are:
  • Goal oriented
  • Decision making process
  • Government’s collective action
  • Addresses public concerns
  • Interaction of people’s demands with power structures
Importance of Public Policies:
Although the trend of privatization made the governments to relax from many areas of development still there are many important areas which needs to be focused for the sake of public interest and for social welfare and growth. Thus the study of Public Policy, also called ‘Planned view of development’, gains much more relevance.

The scientific analysis of public policy helps in understanding the causes and consequences of the policy thereby facilitating practical solutions to social problems.

A Policy which is formulated and is implemented in a participative, transparent, open and accountable manner is an effective public policy serving public interest.

Stages in Public Policy Process:

(i) Policy Formulation:
A policy will be formulated in a coherent fashion keeping in mind the needs, interests, and problems of the society. It covers the larger sections of the society too.
(ii) Policy Education:
Educating the masses and actual beneficiaries about the formulated policies and their impacts through media.
(iii) Policy Implementation:
This is a crucial stage which actually decides the translation of the policy goals into action. It is the task of the executive branch of the government to systematically act upon the policies with the available resources.
(iv) Policy Monitoring:
Monitoring is the task done after the implementation and performing auditing and reporting process.
(v) Policy Impact:
A quantitative and qualitative study needs to be done to know the impact of the policy.

Types of Public Policies:
  1. Welfare & Development Public policies
  2. Regulatory Public policies
  3. Distributive & Re-distributive policies
Institutions that play a crucial role in policy making are:
  • Legislature
  • Executive
  • Cabinet and Cabinet secretariat
  • Prime Minister and Prime Minister’s Office
  • NDC and Planning Commission
  • IAS, IPS and IFS officers
  • Judiciary.
Here is the List of the Major PUBLIC POLICIES undertaken by Government of India over the years:
  1. National Policy for Farmers, 2007
  2. Agriculture Pricing Policy
  3. National Agriculture Development Programme or Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
  4. Agriculture Policy: A Vision for 2020
  5. Consolidated FDI Policy, 2010
  6. National Employment Policy, 2008
  7. National Manufacturing Policy, 2011
  8. National Drug Policy
  9. National Pharmaceutical Policy, 2002
  10. National Broadband Policy, 2004
  11. National Policy on Information Technology, 2011
  12. National Policy on Electronics, 2011
  13. National Policy on Education, 1968
  14. National Policy on Education, 1986
  15. National Programme of Action
  16. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan- Education For All
  17. Policy Statement on Environment and Development
  18. National Skill Development Policy
  19. National Nutrition Policy
  20. National Health Policy of 2002
  21. National Population Policy of 2000
  22. National Mineral Policy
  23. National Electricity Policy, 2003
  24. Rural Electrification Policy
  25. National Policy on Older Persons
  26. National Policy for Empowerment of Women
  27. National Telecom Policy, 2011
  28. National Water Policy, 2002
  29. National Urban Sanitation Policy
  30. National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy
  31. National Tourism Policy, 2002.

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