List of Tiger Reserves

 

TIGER RESERVE		DESCRIPTION
1.	BANDIPUR TIGER RESERVE KARNATAKA	Located in Mysore and Chamarajanagar districts of southern Karnataka. Ecological confluence of Western and Eastern Ghats. Part of Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve.
2.	CORBETT TIGER RESERVE (UTTARAKHAND) & AMANGARH BUFFER (UTTAR PRADESH)	Located on foothills of Himalayas in Uttarakhand in three districts of Pauri, Nainital & Almora. The reserve spreads over Bhabar and lower Shivalik region with a deep-water table. Rivers Ramganga, Pallaen and Sonanadi flow through it.
3.	KANHA TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Located in Maikala range of Satpura Mountains falling in Mandla and Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh. Fauna: Critical as last habitat for highly endangered hard ground Barasingha and saving it from extinction.
4.	MANAS TIGER RESERVE ASSAM	Tiger reserve with largest buffer area among tiger reserves in India.Spreads across districts of Kokrajhar, Chirang, Buxa and Udalguri in North-West Assam. Separated by River Manas from the Royal Manas National Park (Bhutan) in its North. Separated by River Sankosh from the Buxa Tiger Reserve. Evolutionarily, it is entry point of tigers into India.
5.	MELGHAT TIGER RESERVE MAHARASHTRA	Marked with large tracts of hills and ravines in Satpura range. Flora: Characterized by Dry Deciduous Forest with Teak being the dominant species.
6.	PALAMAU TIGER RESERVE JHARKHAND	Located in western part of Chhota Nagpur plateau and spread over two districts of Latehar and Garhwa. Only tiger reserve in the Jharkhand. Forms part of Central Indian Tiger Landscape Complex and its habitat contiguity extends to Sanjay Dhubri Tiger Reserve through Guru Ghasidas National Park, all the way to Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve. Three rivers i.e., North Koel, Auranga and Burha flow through it. The area is drought prone with Burha being the only perennial river.
7.	RANTHAMBORE TIGER RESERVE RAJASTHAN	Located at the junction of (Great Boundary Fault) of Aravalli and Vindhyan range. Banas River bounds the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve in the North while Chambal River forms the southern boundary of it.
8.	SIMLIPAL TIGER RESERVE ODISHA	Located in Mayurbhanj District in northernmost part of Odisha. Derives its name from red silk cotton trees growing in the area. Tribal groups such as Khadia, Mankidia and Lodhas live in around the Simlipal Tiger Reserve. Only home to unique melanistic tiger (Black and Yellow stripes). This is due to a rare genetic phenomenon known as pseudo-melanism, which is characterised by excessive pigmentation of dark colour in the skin of an animal.
9.	SUNDARBAN TIGER RESERVE WEST BENGAL	Sundarbans are the largest deltaic region of the world. The region is named after mangrove tree species ‘Sundari. Fauna: Tiger, Fishing Cat, Estuarine Crocodile, Gangetic and Irrawaddy Dolphins. Harbours significant population of River Terrapin (Batagur baska). Sundarbans are known as Kingfisher’s paradise with 10 species out of 12 kingfishers found in India.
10.	PERIYAR TIGER RESERVE KERALA	PTR along with adjoining protected areas form largest tiger conservation landscape in southernmost western ghats, extending over 4000 sq km in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.Spreads across districts of Idukki, Pathanamthitta and Kottayam in Kerala.Two major rivers namely Periyar and Pamba drain the area.Tiger reserve with smallest buffer area among tiger reserves in India.
11.	SARISKA TIGER RESERVE RAJASTHAN	Has unique distinction of succesfully reintroducing tiger after its local extinction.There is no perennial river or water stream. Characterised by Dry Deciduous Forests and Tropical Thorn Forest. Anogeissus pendula (also known as Dhok tree or Button tree) is the dominant tree species in the region.
12.	BUXA TIGER RESERVE WEST BENGAL	Located in Alipurduar of Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal.
13.	INDRAVATI TIGER RESERVE CHHATTISGARH	Located in Bijapur district of Chhattisgarh. Indravati River forms the boundary of this reserve on the northern and western side. (Indravati is a tributary of Godavari River).Has a small population of Wild Water Buffalos (State Animal of Chhattisgarh, IUCN Status: Endangered), Tiger, Leopard etc.
14.	NAMDAPHA TIGER RESERVE ARUNACHAL PRADESH	Large, protected area in Arunachal Pradesh near international border with Myanmar. It is a biodiversity hotspot in Eastern Himalayas. It is located on Dapha bum range of Mishmi hills and Patkai range. The Noa Dihing River crosses it from east to west. Harbors northernmost lowland evergreen rainforests in the world. Namdapha flying squirrel (Critically endangered and endemic to this place)
15.	NAGARJUNASAGAR TIGER RESERVE ANDHRA PRADESH	Largest core area and largest overall area among all tiger reserves in India. Located in Nallamalla range, an extension of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh spread over three districts of Kurnool, Prakasham & Guntur. Located on southern bank of Krishna River.
16.	DUDHWA TIGER RESERVE UTTAR PRADESH	Located on India-Nepal border. Part of Shivalik hills and Gangetic Plains tiger landscape complex in Uttar Pradesh.Comprises of three protected areas: Dudhwa National Park, Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary & Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary. Provides habitat for unique species including endangered Rhinoceros (succesfully reintroduced), Bengal Florican (Critically Endangered) & Hispid Hare (Critically Endangered).
17.	KALAKAD MUNDANTHURAI TAMIL NADU	Located in southern Western Ghats and forms part of Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve. Major river: Gadananathi river
18.	VALMIKI TIGER RESERVE BIHAR	Located in Bihar in northern part of West Champaran district along the border of India & Nepal.Located in Terai region of Himalayas is connected to Chitwan National Park in Nepal.Only Tiger Reserve in Bihar. Sets an excellent example of Shivalik Hills and Gangetic Plains landscape with a mosaic of dense forests, open woodlands, swamps and grasslands.
19.	PENCH TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Located on southern slopes of Satpura range in Madhya Pradesh. Pench River flows through the park from north to south and splits the park into two. Meghdoot dam on Pench River is located on the boundary of this Tiger Reserve.
20.	TADOBA ANDHERI MAHARASHTRA	Located in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra in the Vidarbha region. The Andhari River passes through this reserve.
21.	BANDHAVGARH TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Located between Vindhya and Satpura ranges in Madhya Pradesh. The park has remnants of archaeological monuments dating to Kalachuri dynasty.
22.	PANNA TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Named after the city of diamonds, Panna in the Bundelkhand region in Madhya Pradesh.Spreads across Panna, Chhatarpur and Damoh districts of Madhya Pradesh. Located in Vindhyan Range.Forms northernmost tip of natural teak forests. Ken River flows through the tiger reserve.
23.	DAMPA TIGER RESERVE MIZORAM	Located in western edge of Mizoram. It is bound by Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh. Drained by River Khawthlangtuipui in the West and the Teirei River to the East.
24.	BHADRA TIGER RESERVE KARNATAKA	Located in Western Ghats of Karnataka. The habitat is drained by Bhadra River and its tributaries.Moist & Dry Deciduous forests and Shola grasslands.
25.	PENCH-EXTENSION MAHARASHTRA	Extension of Pench Tiger Reserve in Maharashtra.
26.	PAKKE TIGER RESERVE ARUNACHAL PRADESH	Located in the foothills of Eastern Himalayas in East Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh.Forms a transition zone between Indian and Malayan ecoregions and high endemicity.Pakke River forms the boundary in the East while Kameng River forms the boundary in the West.Pakke along with Nameri Tiger Reserve forms one of the largest blocks of semi-evergreen & evergreen forests in North-East.Key habitat for Clouded Leopard
27.	NAMERI TIGER RESERVE ASSAM	Located in northern part of Sonitpur district of Assam along the foothills of Arunachal Pradesh. This habitat is rich in biodiversity and is famous for white winged wood duck. It is bound by Jia Bhoreli River in the West and Bor-Dikorai River in the East.
28.	SATPURA TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Prime example of Central Indian Highlands ecosystem. Pachmarhi is located inside it. Located south of Narmada River.
29.	ANAMALAI TIGER RESERVE TAMIL NADU	Largest tiger reserve of Tamil Nadu. Situated at the heart of Anamalai Range (Also known as Elephant hills).
30.	UDANTI SITANADI TIGER RESERVE CHHATTISGARH	Named after Sitanadi River which originates here and joins Mahanadi River.
31.	SATKOSIA TIGER RESERVE ODISHA	Spread over four districts of Angul, Cuttack, Boudh and Nayagarh in the heartland of Odisha. The Mahanadi passes through this tiger reserve and forms a large gorge here, hence also known as Gorge Sanctuary.
32.	KAZIRANGA TIGER RESERVE ASSAM	Located on the southern bank of Brahmaputra River in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of Assam.World famous habitat for one-horned rhinoceros. The river Diffalu, a tributary of the Brahmaputra, flows through the National Park area (core/critical tiger habitat), while another tributary Moradifalu flows along its southern boundary.
33.	ACHANAKMAR TIGER RESERVE CHHATTISGARH	Located in the Maikala range in Chhattisgarh. It is located close to Amarkantak, the source of Son and Narmada River.
34.	KALI TIGER RESERVE KARNATAKA	Located in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka in Western Ghats. It was formerly known as Dandeli Anshi National Park. Kali River flows through it.
35.	SANJAY DHUBRI TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Located in Sidhi and Shahdol districts of Madhya Pradesh on the borders of Chhattisgarh (Close of Guru Ghasidas National Park in Chhattisgarh).Various perennial rivers like Gopad, World famous white tigers “MOHAN” was found and rescued from the forest of this landscape by Maharaja of Rewa in 1951.
36.	MUDUMALAI TIGER RESERVE TAMIL NADU	Located in North-eastern and North-western slopes of Nilgiris at the tri-junction of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Moyar River passes through it. Documentary Movie ‘Elephant Whisperers’ was shot in this Tiger Reserve. Kattunayakan Tribe (PVTG) lives in this tiger reserve.
37.	NAGARHOLE KARNATAKA	Located in districts of Mysuru and Kodagu district of Karnataka. The reserve named after a small river ‘Nagarhole’ (a snake stream in Kannada), which meanders through it, before joining Kabini River.
38.	PARAMBIKULAM KERALA	Located in Anamalai landscape of Western Ghats in Palakkad and Thrissur districts of Kerala. The park has montane and marshy grasslands locally known as ‘Vayals’ and Evergreen, Deciduous and Shola forests.
39.	SAHYADRI MAHARASHTRA	Located in Sahyadri range of Western Ghats in Maharashtra. These ranges from a common boundary between Maharashtra, Karnataka & Goa.First tiger reserve of Western Maharashtra and spreads across two protected areas of Koyna sanctuary and Chandoli National Park.
40.	BILIGIRI RANGANATHA TEMPLE KARNATAKA	Located in Chamarajanagar district of Karnataka. Acts as a bio-geographical bridge between Western & Eastern Ghats in South India.Derives its name from ‘Bilgiri’, the rocky white rocky cliff which has a temple of Lord Vishnu locally known as Rangaswamy.
41.	KAWAL TIGER RESERVE TELANGANA	Located on the banks of Godavari River and forms part of Deccan peninsula – Central Highlands.Located on the southernmost tip of Central Indian Tiger Landscape, has linkages with Tadoba-Andhari (Maharashtra) and Indravati (Chhattisgarh) tiger reserves.
42.	SATHYAMANGALAM TIGER RESERVE TAMIL NADU	Located as a transition zone between Western and Eastern Ghats in Erode District of Tamil Nadu. It contiguous with other tiger conservation landscapes like BRT, Bandipur, Mudumalai and Nagarhole.
43.	MUKUNDARA TIGER RESERVE RAJASTHAN	Named after two continuous flat topped, almost parallel hills with narrow central ridges forming part of Vindhyas extending from Chambal to Kali Sindh River.
44.	NAWEGAON NAGZIRA TIGER RESERVE MAHARASHTRA	Located in Gondia and Shandara districts of Maharashtra in Vidarbha region.
45.	AMRABAD TIGER RESERVE TELANGANA	Located on the Nallamalla hills (part of Eastern Ghats) along Krishna River. Sri Sailam dam on Krishna River is located inside the Tiger Reserve. Mouse Deer (Indian spotted Chevrotain) which were locally extinct is being re-introduced in this protected area.
46.	PILIBHIT TIGER RESERVE UTTAR PRADESH	Located in Pilibhit district of Uttar Pradesh on the international border with Nepal. River Gomti originates from this reserve. The park also forms catchment of Sharda, Chuka and Mala Khannot rivers. Sharda Sagar dam forms the boundary of the reserve. Connected to Dudhwa Tiger Reserve through Kishanpur (UP), Shuklaphanta (Nepal) and Nandaur Sanctuary in Uttarakhand. Fauna: Critically endangered Bengal florican and hispid hare.
47.	BOR TIGER RESERVE MAHARASHTRA	Located in Wardha District of Maharashtra. Located adjacent to Pench Tiger Reserve.
48.	RAJAJI TIGER RESERVE UTTARAKHAND	Located in Haridwar, Dehradun and Pauri Garhwal districts of Uttarakhand. The tiger reserve is named after C. Rajagopalachari.
49.	ORANG TIGER RESERVE ASSAM	Smallest core area and smallest overall area among all tiger reserves in India. This Tiger Reserve is located on the northern bank of Brahmaputra River in Darrang and Sonitpur districts of Assam. Home to Indian rhinoceros, Pygmy Hog (Critically Endangered), Elephant, Wild Water Buffalo, Bengal Tigers. (Only stronghold of rhinoceros on North Bank of Brahmaputra). Bengal Florican (Critically endangered) is one of the flagship birds found in the park.
50.	KAMLANG ARUNACHAL PRADESH	Located in Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh. The Kamlang River passes through this sanctuary, after which this tiger reserve named. It is located on the north of Namdapha National Park. Local inhabitants of the region are Hishmi, Digaru & Mizo. They claim themselves as descendent of King Rukmo of Mahabharat. Home to Four big cats (Tiger, Leopard, Clouded Leopard & Snow Leopard), Hoolock Gibbon, Slow Loris, Leopard Cat, Himalayan Palm Civets
51.	SRIVILLIPUTHUR MEGAMALAI TAMIL NADU	This tiger reserve was created by combining two wildlife sanctuaries Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary and Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary. This tiger reserve is located close to Periyar Tiger Reserve. Vaigai River originates from this Tiger Reserve and flows to Palk Strait. Meghamalai (also known as High Wavy Mountains) is a mountain range located in Western Ghats in Theni district of Tamil Nadu.
52.	RAMGARH VISHDHARI RAJASTHAN	Lies in the southeastern part of Rajasthan.Plays an important role in connecting Ranthambore and Mukundra Tiger Reserves of Rajasthan. Mez River, a tributary of Chambal River, passes through the tiger reserve.
53.	RANIPUR UTTAR PRADESH	Latest Tiger Reserve to be notified. Located in the Chitrakoot district of Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh. This Tiger Reserve has been notified to accommodate sinking of a part of Panna Tiger Reserve due to the Ken-Betwa Linkage.

Air Quality Index

A Commission has been constituted under the Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and Adjoining Areas Act, 2021 up in accordance with the notification dated 23rd April, 2021 towards better coordination, research, identification and resolution of problems surrounding the air quality index in NCR and adjoining areas and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

The commission for Air Quality Management in NCR & Adjoining Areas (CAQM), since its inception in 2021, undertakes action for the prevention and control of Air pollution in Delhi-NCR & Adjoining Areas which impacts the air quality of the NCT Delhi. The Commission adopting an air-shed like approach has issued a comprehensive policy to curb Air pollution NCR in July 2022 by constituting an expert group. The policy has sector-wise action plan for prevention and control of air pollution in the region by various sectors contributing to air pollution. The Commission has also issued statutory directions and advisories for control of air pollution in NCR from time to time. Since inception the Commission has so far issued 78 directions and 11 advisories, besides executive orders to various agencies concerned in the NCR including State Governments of Punjab, GNCTD, and various bodies of the Central and State Governments in the region. Due to these concerted efforts general improvements in the AQI level has been witnessed in the region.

Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) was formulated for Delhi-NCR to tackle the issue of sudden rise in air pollution levels which was notified by MoEF&CC in January 2017 on recommendation of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for implementation. A comprehensive review of actions listed under GRAP was carried out by CPCB in 2020 based on actions taken and improvement observed in air quality in recent years. Based on the inputs given by CPCB, the revised GRAP was published by CAQM and further directions were issued for its implementation.

Steps taken for control of air pollution are as following:

1. The CAQM has deputed 40 teams of CPCB officers since December 2021, for conducting incognito inspections of air polluting industries, C&D sites, DG sets in Delhi-NCR to check implementation status of pollution control measures and compliance of other provisions of the Air (P&CP) Act, 1981. A total of 16037units/entities/ projects have been inspected as on November 24, 2023. Based on these inspections, CAQM has issued Closure Directions in 899 cases and out of these resumption orders have been issued in 708 cases while 132 cases are still under closure and cases of 59 balance units have been transferred to State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) / Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) for final decision.

2. CPCB has come out with System and Procedure for Emission Compliance Testing of Retro-fit Emission Control Devices (RECD) for Diesel Power Generating Set Engines up to Gross Mechanical Power 800 kW. RECDs have been developed for DG sets of 209-799 kW capacity and installation of RECDs is in progress in Delhi-NCR. In order to control DG set emissions, CPCB is also funding retrofitment/ upgradation of DG sets in Govt. hospitals in Delhi-NCR and guidelines have been issued in this regard. Under the said guidelines, 100 % funding support is provided for RECD and dual fuel kit installation while 40% funding support is provided for procurement of new gas based Generator sets.

3. CPCB has issued guidelines/ mechanism for use of anti-smog guns in Construction and Demolition projects. Also, CPCB has published guidelines for dust mitigation measures in handling construction materials and C&D waste.

4. CPCB has framed guidelines for promoting setting up of paddy straw based pelletization and torrefaction plants wherein one-time financial assistance is provided to individual entities/entrepreneurs/ companies for setting up of such plants.A corpus of Rs. 50 crores has been earmarked for utilisation through the guidelines. A total of 10 plants (1 in principle) have been sanctioned so far: 8 in Punjab, 1 in Haryana and 1 in UP.

5. CPCB has also issued an addendum under which one-time financial assistance is provided to Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils and ZillaParishads of the states of Punjab, Haryana, NCT of Delhi and NCR districts of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, for establishing paddy straw based briquetting plants for use of briquettes for cremation purpose only.

6. Installation of VRS system at 3256 petrol pumps in Delhi-NCR in compliance with orders of Hon’ble Supreme Court and Hon’ble NGT.

7. Trial study of various new technologies for control of air pollution have been got conducted by CPCB out of which encouraging results were observed in case of Dust Suppressant for control of emissions at construction sites and road dust. Advisory have been issued for use of dust suppressant by road owning and construction agencies in Delhi-NCR.

Status of Mangrove Plantations

 The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has been implementing a project titled ‘Wetlands management for biodiversity and climate protection’, at four Ramsar Sites in India. Under this project, Climate Risk Assessment (CRA) studies have been conducted at four sites namely, Pong Dam Lake and Renuka Lake in Himachal Pradesh, Bhitarkanika Mangroves in Odisha and Point Calimere Wetland Complex in Tamil Nadu. The project has developed an assessment methodology for site-level climate risk assessment and demonstrated how climate risks could be integrated into the wetland management plan at the site level towards capturing climate co- benefits while maintaining the wise use approach of the Ramsar Convention on wetlands. The experience and lessons learnt have been consolidated into a publication ‘Managing Climate Risks in Wetlands – A Practitioner’s Guide’, to serve as an important capacity development tool for Wetland Managers.

MoEFCC provides financial assistance to coastal States to undertake activities related to conservation and management of coastal ecosystems such as mangrove plantation, shelterbelt plantation, coral transplantation, enhancement of livelihood security of coastal communities including capacity building. Management Action Plans (MAP) for conservation and management of mangroves are formulated and implemented in 9 coastal States covering 38 identified mangrove sites. The list is at Annexure.

As per the India State of Forest Report, 2021, the mangrove cover in the country has been estimated at 4992 sq km with net increment of 17 sq.km in the year 2021 as compared to 2019.

To augment India’s efforts in afforestation, the Union budget 2023-24 announced ‘Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI)’ programme. The aim of the MISTHI Scheme is to protect and revive mangrove ecosystems on the Indian coast while enhancing the socio-economic status of coastal communities. The programme is based on convergence of resources from various ongoing and proposed schemes at Central and State level, with an objective to develop and restore the potential sites of mangroves with the help of State Governments.

List of identified sites for conservation and Management of Mangroves

ANNEXURE

Sl. No.	State / UT	Mangrove Site
	West Bengal	Sundarbans
	Odisha	Bhitarkanika
		Mahanadi Delta
		Subernarekha
		Devi Kadua Estuary
		Dhamra
		Mangrove Genetic Resources Centre
		Chilka
	Andhra Pradesh	Coringa
		Krishna
		East Godavari
	Tamil Nadu	Pichavaram
		Muthupet
		Ramnad
		Pulicat
		Kazhuveli
	Andaman and Nicobar	North Andamans
		Nicobar
	Kerala	Vembanad
		Kannur
	Karnataka	Honnavar/Dakshin Kannada
		Coondapur
		Karwar
		Managalore Forest Division
	Gujarat	Gulf of Kutch
		Gulf of Khambat
		Dumas Ubhrat
	Goa	Goa
	Maharashtra	Achra-Ratnagiri
		Devgarh-Vijay Durg
		Veldur
		Kundalika-Revdanda
		Mumbra-Diva
		Vikroli
		Shreevardhan
		Vaitarna
		Vasai-Manori
		Malvan