2025 will go down in history as a memorable year for the Ministry of Defence, as the ‘Year of Reforms’ not only witnessed the nation making unprecedented strides to achieve the goal of Aatmanirbharta in defence, it also saw the unmatched valour, commitment and precision of the Armed Forces during Operation Sindoor powered by the country’s transitional shift in its policy against terrorism. From successfully destroying terror camps in Pakistan & PoK and safeguarding the borders from the neighbouring country’s misdeeds that followed, the nation, under the leadership of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi and the guidance of Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh, sent a clear message to its adversaries that the sovereignty, unity & integrity of Bharat will never be compromised. The effective use of state-of-the-art Made-in-India weapons during the operation is testimony to the progress the country has made to attain self-reliance, which, in today’s geopolitical landscape, is fundamental to ensuring strategic autonomy. From Operation Sindoor to Mission Sudarshan Charka vision of PM Modi, from record defence production and exports to equipping the soldiers with latest weapons/technologies and finalising deals for the future, 2025 gave a glimpse of a secure, self-reliant and prosperous India.
Operation Sindoor
The operation was launched on the intervening night of May 06 & 07, 2025, in response to a heinous terrorist attack in Pahalgam, J&K, that claimed the lives of 26 innocent people, including a Nepali citizen, on April 22, 2025. The well-coordinated strikes carried out by the Indian Armed Forces precisely hit nine terrorist camps in Pakistan and PoK, killing over 100 terrorists, their trainers, handlers, and associates. Most of the terrorists belonged to organisations like Jaish-e-Mohammed, Lashkar-e-Taiba, and Hizbul Mujahideen. The operation inflicted maximum damage on the terrorists and their hideouts, and minimum harm to the civilian population. In his address in Parliament on July 28 & 29, 2025, Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh stated that the action was completely in self-defence, and was neither provocative nor expansionist.
On May 10, 2025 at approx. 1:30 am, Pakistan launched a massive attack on Indian Air Force bases, Army ammunition depots, airports, and military cantonments using missiles, drones, rockets, and other long-range weapons, along with electronic warfare technologies. The Indian Air Defence System, Counter-Drone system, and electronic equipment completely thwarted the attack by Pakistan. The adversary failed to hit any targets, and none of the vital assets were damaged. India’s response to this Pakistani attack was bold, decisive, and effective. The Indian Air Force targeted Pakistani airbases, command and control centers, military infrastructure, and air defence systems on the Western Front. Major airbases like Chaklala, Sargodha, Rafiqui, Rahimyar Khan, Jacobabad, Sukkur, and Bholari were struck, and the mission was successfully accomplished. On May 10, Pakistan’s DGMO contacted India’s DGMO and appealed for a halt to military operations. On May 12, formal talks took place between the two DGMOs, and both sides decided to cease military operations.
Operation Sindoor marked a milestone in India’s journey towards technological self-reliance in military operations - whether in drone warfare, layered air defence, or electronic warfare. It was also a shining example of Tri-service coordination. While the Indian Air Force launched attacks from the air, the Army soldiers stood firmly on the Line of Control and delivered a befitting reply to every Pakistani action. The Indian Navy maintained its strong posture in the North Arabian Sea, sending a clear message to Pakistan that India is capable and prepared to strike at every vital Pakistani base, from sea to land, Raksha Mantri had said. He told the Parliament that Operation Sindoor has only been halted, and not ended. “If Pakistan again tries to carry out any nefarious act, we are fully prepared for an even more intense and decisive action,” he said.
Mission Sudarshan Chakra
In his address to the nation from the ramparts of Red Fort on Independence Day 2025, PM Modi described Operation Sindoor as a demonstration of the country’s defence self-reliance and strategic autonomy. Using Made-in-India weapons, the operation dismantled terror networks and Pakistan-based infrastructure, signaling a new era where India will no longer accept nuclear blackmail or threats on foreign terms, he had added.
While the Prime Minister urged Indian innovators and youth to develop jet engines within India, ensuring that future defence technology is entirely home-grown and self-reliant, he announced the launching of Mission Sudarshan Chakra aimed at neutralising enemy defence infiltrations and enhancing India’s offensive capabilities. Akin to the legendary Shri Krishna’s Sudarshan Chakra, this mission underscores India’s commitment to strategic autonomy, ensuring rapid, precise, and powerful responses to any threat. The initiative is designed to enhance rapid, precise, and powerful defence responses, reinforcing India’s strategic autonomy. All public places will be covered by an expanded nationwide security shield by 2035, ensuring comprehensive protection for the nation while showcasing India’s commitment to self-reliant defence.
Record defence production
The annual defence production soared to a record high figure of Rs 1.51 lakh crore in Financial Year 2024-25. The milestone represents a robust 18% growth over the previous fiscal’s output of Rs 1.27 lakh crore, and a staggering 90% increase since FY 2019-20, when the figure was Rs 79,071 crore. Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) and other PSUs accounted for approx 77% of total production, while the private sector contributed 23%. The share of the private sector, which increased from 21% in FY 2023-24 to 23% in FY 2024-25, reflects the sector's growing role in the defence ecosystem of the country. A target has been set to increase defence manufacturing to Rs 3 lakh crore by 2029.
All-time high defence exports
Defence exports touched an all-time high figure of Rs 23,622 crore in FY 2024-25. A growth of Rs 2,539 crore or 12.04% was registered over the defence exports figures of FY 2023-24, which were Rs 21,083 crore. The private sector and DPSUs contributed with Rs 15,233 crore and Rs 8,389 crore respectively, whereas the corresponding figures for FY 2023-24 were Rs 15,209 crore and Rs 5,874 crore respectively. The defence exports target for 2029 has been set to Rs 50,000 crore.
Record defence budget
Ministry of Defence has been allocated Rs 6.81 lakh crore in the Union Budget 2025-26, in pursuance of PM Modi-led Government’s vision of Viksit Bharat @ 2047 with a technologically-advanced and Aatmanirbhar Armed Forces. This allocation is 9.53% more than the Budgetary Estimate of FY 2024-25 and stands at 13.45% of the Union Budget, which is the highest among the Ministries. Out of the total defence budget, Rs 1.80 lakh crore have been allocated for Capital Outlay. Approx. Rs 1.12 lakh crore i.e. 75% of modernisation budget has been earmarked for procurement through domestic sources and 25% of domestic share i.e. around Rs 28,000 crore has been provisioned for procurement through domestic private industries.
Review of DAP 2020
Following the declaration of 2025 as the 'Year of Reforms', MoD has initiated a comprehensive review of the Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020 to align it with existing Government’s policies and initiatives. A Committee headed by the Director General (Acquisition) has been constituted to carry out extensive deliberations with all stakeholders. The aim of the DAP Review is to meet the operational requirements and modernisation of the Armed Forces in a timely manner to ensure national security; attain Aatmanirbharta by promoting technology infusion through indigenously designed and developed systems; Enable ‘Make in India’ by promoting defence manufacturing in India through facilitation of Joint Ventures and Transfer of Technology for the private sector, and encouraging foreign Original Equipment Manufacturers via Foreign Direct Investment alignment. The objective is to establish India as a global defence manufacturing and Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul hub; and promote Design & Development in both public and private sectors, with a focus on start-ups, Innovators, and the private industry.
Defence Procurement Manual 2025
The Defence Procurement Manual 2025 was released by Raksha Mantri on October 23, 2025. Effective from November 01, 2025, the new manual will facilitate the revenue procurement amounting to approx. Rs 1 lakh crore by the three Services and other establishments under the Ministry of Defence. The updated manual simplifies procedures, brings uniformity in functioning and helps in providing goods & services required by the Armed Forces for operational preparedness.
3rd LCA Mk1A Production Line & 2nd HTT-40 Production Line
Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh inaugurated the third Production Line of Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas Mk1A and the second Production Line of Hindustan Turbo Trainer-40 (HTT-40) at the Nashik facility of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) on October 17, 2025. He also flagged-off the first LCA Mk1A produced at the facility. HAL has operationalised the third LCA Mk1A production line in a record time of two years, fully equipping it with more than 30 structure assembly jigs for all major modules of the aircraft, including Centre Fuselage, Front Fuselage, Rear Fuselage, Wings and Air Intake. The line operates fully and can produce eight aircraft per annum. With the inauguration of the line, HAL will achieve a total production capacity of 24 aircraft per year.
HAL established the second HTT-40 production line at Nashik. The assembly complex houses structure assembly shops for manufacturing Fuselages, Wings and Control Surfaces.
AMCA Execution Model
In a significant push towards enhancing India’s indigenous defence capabilities and fostering a robust domestic aerospace industrial ecosystem, Raksha Mantri approved the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) Programme Execution Model. The Execution Model approach provides equal opportunities to both private and public sectors on a competitive basis. They can bid either independently or as joint venture or as consortia. The entity/bidder should be an Indian company compliant with the laws and regulations of the country. This is an important step towards harnessing the indigenous expertise, capability and capacity to develop the AMCA prototype, which will be a major milestone towards Aatmanirbharta in the aerospace sector.
Major DAC approvals
The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), under the chairmanship of Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh, approved capital acquisition proposals worth a total of cost of over Rs 3.84 lakh crore since January 2025, to enhance the country’s defence readiness, with focus on modernisation through indigenisation.
- On July 03, 2025, DAC accorded Acceptance of Necessity (AoNs) for 10 capital acquisition proposals amounting to approx. Rs 1.05 lakh crore through indigenous sourcing. These were accorded for procurement of Armoured Recovery Vehicles, Electronic Warfare System, Integrated Common Inventory Management System for the Tri-Services and Surface-to-Air Missiles. These procurements will provide higher mobility, effective air defence, better supply chain management and augment the operational preparedness of the Armed Forces. AoNs were also accorded for procurement of Moored Mines, Mine Counter Measure Vessels, Super Rapid Gun Mount and Submersible Autonomous Vessels. These procurements will enable mitigation of potential risks posed to the Naval and Merchant Vessels. To provide further impetus to indigenous design and development, AoNs were accorded under the Buy (Indian-Indigenously Designed Developed and Manufactured) category.
- On December 29, 2025, DAC cleared capital acquisition proposals worth about Rs 79,000 crore to enhance the capabilities of the Armed Forces. These include Loiter Munition System for Artillery Regiments, Low Level Light Weight Radars, Long Range Guided Rocket Ammunition for Pinaka Multiple Launch Rocket System & Integrated Drone Detection & Interdiction System Mk-II for Indian Army; Bollard Pull Tugs, High Frequency Software Defined Radios Manpack and for leasing High Altitude Long Range Remotely Piloted Aircraft System for the Indian Navy; and Automatic Take-off Landing Recording System, Astra Mk-II Missiles, Full Mission Simulator and SPICE-1000 Long Range Guidance Kits for the Indian Air Force.
- On October 23, 2025, DAC approved various proposals amounting to a total of about Rs 79,000 crore. These include Nag Missile System (Tracked) Mk-II, Ground Based Mobile ELINT System, and High Mobility Vehicles with Material Handling Crane for Indian Army; Landing Platform Docks, 30mm Naval Surface Gun, Advanced Light Weight Torpedoes; Electro Optical Infra-Red Search and Track System, and Smart Ammunition for 76mm Super Rapid Gun Mount for Indian Navy; and Collaborative Long Range Target Saturation/Destruction System and other proposals for the Indian Air Force.
- On August 05, 2025, DAC cleared various proposals amounting to a total cost of about Rs 67,000 crore. These include Thermal Imager-based Driver Night Sight for BMP for the Indian Army; Compact Autonomous Surface Craft, BrahMos Fire Control System & Launchers and Upgradation of BARAK-1 Point Defence Missile System of the Indian Navy; Mountain Radars and Upgradation of SAKSHAM/SPYDER Weapon System for the Indian Air Force; Medium Altitude Long Endurance Remotely Piloted Aircraft for the three Services; and sustenance of C-17 and C-130J fleets and comprehensive annual maintenance contract of S-400 Long Range Air Defence Missile System.
- On March 20, 2025, DAC gave nod to eight capital acquisition proposals amounting to over Rs 54,000 crore. These include 1350 HP Engine to upgrade the present 1000 HP Engine for the T-90 Tanks of the Indian Army; Varunastra Torpedoes (Combat) for the Indian Navy; Airborne Early Warning & Control (AEW&C) Aircraft Systems for the Indian Air Force; and guidelines for reducing the timelines at various stages of the Capital Acquisition Process to make it faster, more effective & efficient as part of ‘Year of Reforms’.
Major Contracts/Agreements
- LCA Mk1A: Ministry of Defence signed a contract with HAL for procurement of 97 Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Mk1A, including 68 fighters and 29 twin seaters, along with associated equipment, for the Indian Air Force, at a cost of over Rs 62,370 crore (excluding taxes), on September 25, 2025. The delivery of these aircraft would commence during 2027-28 and be completed over a period of six years. The aircraft will have an indigenous content of over 64%, with 67 additional items incorporated, over and above the previous LCA Mk1A contract signed in January 2021. The integration of advanced indigenously developed systems such as the UTTAM Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) Radar, Swayam Raksha Kavach, and control surface actuators will further strengthen the Aatmanirbharta initiatives. HAL entered into an agreement with General Electric Company, USA, on November 07, 2025 for the supply of 113 F404-GE-IN20 engines and support package for the execution of 97 LCA Mk1A programme. The engine deliveries would be from 2027 to 2032.
- Rafale-M: In April 2025, the Governments of India and France signed an Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) for the procurement of 26 Rafale Aircraft (22 Single-Seater and four Twin-Seater) for the Indian Navy. It includes Training, Simulator, Associated Equipment, Weapons and Performance-Based Logistics. It also includes additional equipment for the existing Rafale fleet of the Indian Air Force. In line with the Government's thrust on Aatmanirbhar Bharat, the agreement includes Transfer of Technology for integration of indigenous weapons in India. It also includes setting up of production facility for Rafale Fuselage as well as Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul facilities for aircraft engine, sensors and weapons in India. The delivery of these aircraft would be completed by 2030, with the crew undergoing training in France and India.
- LCH Prachand: Ministry of Defence, on March 28, 2025, signed two contracts with HAL for supply of 156 Light Combat Helicopters (LCH) Prachand along with training and other associated equipment worth Rs 62,700 crore, excluding taxes. The first contract is for supply of 66 LCHs to the Indian Air Force and second is for supply of 90 LCHs to the Indian Army. The supply of these helicopters shall commence from the third year and will be spread over the next five years. The contracts will enhance the combat capability of the Armed Forces at high altitudes. This helicopter has a large number of components designed & manufactured in India and it is planned to achieve an overall indigenous content of over 65% during the execution of this procurement. MoD also signed a contract with Metrea Management for Wet Leasing of one Flight Refuelling Aircraft for providing Air to Air refuelling training to pilots of IAF and Indian Navy. Metrea will provide FRA (KC135 Aircraft) within six months which will be the first FRA to be wet leased by IAF. With signing of these three contracts, the total number of contracts signed by MoD during 2024-25 reaches to 193 with overall contract value exceeding Rs 2,09,050 crore, which is the highest ever and nearly double the previous highest figure. Out of these, the contracts to domestic industry are 177 (92%) with contract value Rs 1,68,922 Crore (81%).
- Bharat Electronics Limited: The contracts were signed for upgrades in SHAKTI Software; EON-51 (Electro Optical Fire Control systems) for New Generation Offshore Patrol Vessels and Cadet Training Ships for Indian Navy; Software Defined Radios for Indian Coast Guard; and Air Defence Fire Control Radars for the Indian Army.
- Bharat Dynamics Limited: A contract was inked for Medium-Range Surface-to-Air Missiles for Indian Navy
- Armoured Vehicle Nigam Limited: Contracts were signed for Tank-72 Bridge Laying Tanks and Nag Missile System (NAMIS) Tracked version of anti-tank weapon platform for the Indian Army;
- Economic Explosive Limited: A contract was inked for Area Denial Munition (ADM) Type-1 (DPICM) for PINAKA Multiple Launch Rocket System of Indian Army.
- Munitions India Limited: A contract was signed for High Explosive Pre Fragmented (HEPF) Mk-1 (Enhanced) rockets for PINAKA Multiple Launch Rocket System of Indian Army.
- Private sector: The contracts include 155mm/52 Calibre Advanced Towed Artillery Gun Systems (ATAGS) with Bharat Forge Limited; Rough Terrain Fork Lift Trucks with ACE Limited and JCB India Limited for the three Services; 5,000 Light Vehicles for the Armed Forces with Force Motors Ltd & Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd; Joint Venture Cooperation Agreement for production of HAMMER Smart Precision Guided Air-to-Ground Weapon and local manufacturing of two high-precision, combat-proven systems - SIGMA 30N Digital Ring Laser Gyro Inertial Navigation System, used in artillery guns, air defence systems, missiles & radars and CM3-MR Direct Firing Sight, designed for artillery guns and anti-drone systems – with SAFRAN; CQB Carbine with Bharat Forge Ltd and PLR Systems Pvt Ltd and procurement and integration of 48 Heavy Weight Torpedoes with WASS Submarine Systems S.R.L., Italy.
BrahMos Integration & Testing Facility Centre
On May 11, 2025, Raksha Mantri virtually inaugurated the BrahMos Integration and Testing Facility Centre in Lucknow, a key component of the Uttar Pradesh Defence Industrial Corridor. Within five months of the inauguration, the first batch of missiles, manufactured at the facility, were flagged-off. The BrahMos facility carries out the complete process of assembly, integration, and testing to the highest technical standards. With the dispatch of its first missile consignment, Uttar Pradesh has emerged as a key partner in the national ‘Make in India, Make for the World’ initiative. The Lucknow unit is the first in the corridor to manage the entire manufacturing and testing process indigenously, reinforcing both strategic autonomy and industrial growth.
DPSU Bhawan
On November 10, 2025, Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh inaugurated the Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSU) Bhawan at World Trade Centre, Naoroji Nagar, New Delhi. Developed by the Department of Defence Production, it serves as a common platform for all 16 DPSUs to foster collaboration, innovation and synergy under the motto ‘संगच्छध्वं संवदध्वं’ (Move together, dialogue together). Equipped with modern conference rooms, simulation facilities and an exhibition area, the Bhawan will help consolidate the strengths of the DPSUs and showcase India’s defence manufacturing capabilities to domestic and international stakeholders. After the inauguration, four DPSUs - Munitions India Limited, Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited, India Optel Limited and Hindustan Shipyard Limited - were felicitated on being granted Miniratna (Category-I) status.
Aero India 2025
The 15th edition of Asia’s biggest aero show - Aero India 2025 - was held at the Air Force Station, Yelahanka in Bengaluru, Karnataka from February 10-14, 2025. This edition continued the theme ‘The Runway to a Billion Opportunities’. It provided a platform for forging partnerships between foreign and Indian firms and the discovery of newer avenues in the global value chain to accelerate the indigenisation process. The five-day event brought together global OEMs, defence innovators, start-ups, MSMEs, armed forces representatives, and policymakers, reinforcing India’s position as a rising hub for aerospace and defence production. Defence Ministers’ Conclave, CEOs Roundtable, India Pavilion, iDEX Pavilion, Manthan, Samarthya, Bilateral meetings and seminars were aimed at strengthening defence cooperation and investments in India's aerospace ecosystem.
Defence Diplomacy
- SCO Defence Ministers’ Meeting: Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh, on June 26, 2025, addressed the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Defence Ministers’ Meeting at Qingdao, China, calling upon the member countries to unite in eliminating the menace for collective safety and security. He stated that the biggest challenges faced by the region are related to peace, security and trust-deficit, with increasing radicalisation, extremism & terrorism being the root cause of these problems. “Peace and prosperity cannot co-exist with terrorism and proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction in the hands of non-state actors and terror groups. Dealing with these challenges requires decisive action. It is imperative that those who sponsor, nurture and utilise terrorism for their narrow and selfish ends must bear the consequences. Some countries use cross-border terrorism as an instrument of policy and provide shelter to terrorists. There should be no place for such double standards. SCO should not hesitate to criticise such nations,” he said. He added that India’s zero tolerance for terrorism was demonstrated during Operation Sindoor, reiterating the need to hold the perpetrators, organisers, financiers and sponsors of reprehensible acts of terrorism, including cross-border terrorism, accountable and bring them to justice. He termed any and every act of terrorism as criminal & unjustifiable regardless of their motivation whenever, wherever and committed by whom-so-ever. SCO members must condemn this evil unequivocally, he said, reaffirming India’s resolve to fight terrorism in all its forms and manifestations.
- India-China: Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh held a bilateral meeting with his Chinese counterpart Admiral Dong Jun on the sidelines of SCO Defence Ministers’ meeting in Qingdao, China on June 26, 2025. The two Ministers held in-depth discussions on the need to maintain peace and tranquility along the Indo-China border. Raksha Mantri acknowledged the work being undertaken by both sides to bring back semblance of normalcy in the bilateral relations. He highlighted the necessity of solving the complex issues through a structured roadmap of permanent engagement and de-escalation. Shri Rajnath Singh also stressed on border management and to have a permanent solution of border demarcation by rejuvenating the established mechanism on the issue. He emphasised the need to create good neighbourly conditions to achieve best mutual benefits as well as to cooperate for stability in Asia and the world. He also called for bridging the trust deficit created after 2020 Border standoff, by taking action on ground. The two Ministers agreed to continue consultations at various levels to achieve progress on issues related to disengagement, de-escalation, border management and eventual de-limitation through existing mechanisms.
- ADMM-Plus: Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh attended the 12th ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting-Plus in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on November 01, 2025. “India’s emphasis on the rule of law, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and its advocacy for freedom of navigation and overflight in the Indo-Pacific, are not directed against any country but are meant to safeguard the collective interests of all regional stakeholders,” he said addressing the forum. He asserted that India’s strategic engagement with ASEAN is not transactional but long-term & principle-driven, and it rests on a shared belief that the Indo-Pacific should remain open, inclusive, and free from coercion. Raksha Mantri also met with the Defence Ministers of ASEAN during the second India-ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Informal Meeting in Kuala Lumpur. During the meeting, the Ministers appreciated India’s key role in peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region and sought to deepen defence cooperation with New Delhi at the regional level.
- India-US: Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh met with US Secretary of War Mr Pete Hegseth on the sidelines of 12th ADMM-Plus in Kuala Lumpur on October 31, 2025. The two leaders appreciated the continuing momentum in the bilateral defence cooperation and reaffirmed their commitment to further build upon the mutually beneficial partnership across all its pillars. They reviewed the ongoing defence issues & the challenges that persist and deliberated upon the ongoing defence industry and technology collaborations. The Secretary of War reiterated that India is a priority country for the US in defence cooperation and they were committed to work closely with India to ensure a free and open Indo-Pacific. Both leaders signed the ‘framework for the US-India major defence partnership’ which will usher a new era in an already strong defence partnership. The 2025 framework marks a new chapter to further transform the partnership over the next 10 years. It is intended to provide a unified vision and policy direction to deepen defence cooperation. Raksha Mantri exuded confidence that the framework will provide policy direction to the entire spectrum of the India-US defence relationship. “It is a signal of our growing strategic convergence and will herald a new decade of partnership. Defence will remain as the major pillar of our bilateral relations. Our partnership is critical for ensuring a free, open and rules-bound Indo-Pacific region,” he said.
- India-Russia: Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh and the Defence Minister of Russia Mr Andrei Belousov co-chaired the 22nd session of India-Russia Inter-Governmental Commission on Military & Military Technical Cooperation (IRIGC-M&MTC) in New Delhi on December 04, 2025. Both sides reiterated that the bilateral relationship is based on a deep sense of trust, common principles and mutual respect. Shri Rajnath Singh voiced the Government of India's determination for capacity building of its indigenous defence industry for both local production and exports, under the vision of 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat'. He also stressed on new opportunities for enhancing collaboration between both counties across niche technologies. The Russian Defence Minister emphasised on deepening relationship between both the countries which is based on mutual trust. He highlighted that both countries are united by many years of friendship and strategic cooperation. He stated that the Russian Defence Industry is ready to support India towards becoming self-reliant in the field of defence production. At the end, the two Ministers signed the protocol of the 22nd IRIGC-M&MTC meeting highlighting the ongoing and prospective areas of cooperation. Raksha Mantri and his Russian counterpart had, earlier, met on June 27, 2025 on the sidelines of SCO Defence Ministers’ Meeting in Qingdao. The supply of S-400 systems, Su-30 MKI upgrades, and procurement of critical military hardware in expeditious timeframes were some of the key takeaways of the meeting.
- India-Japan: Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh held a bilateral meeting with Minister of Defense of Japan Mr Gen Nakatani at Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi on May 05, 2025. During the meeting, both sides condemned terrorism in all its forms and emphasised the need for global cooperation in this regard. The two Ministers reviewed the defence and security pillars of the India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership. They reaffirmed their commitment towards strengthening the bilateral relations and contributing towards regional peace.
- India-Australia: Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh held wide-ranging talks with the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Defence of Australia Mr Richard Marles in Canberra on October 09, 2025. The meeting marked five years of the India-Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, with both sides reaffirming their shared commitment to deepening defence cooperation across a wide spectrum, including military exercises, maritime security, defence industry collaboration and joint research in science and technology. The talks culminated in the signing of three key agreements: an Agreement on Information Sharing, an MoU on Submarine Search and Rescue Cooperation and Terms of Reference on the establishment of Joint Staff Talks. During the meeting, Shri Rajnath Singh reiterated India’s stand that Terror & Talks cannot go together, Terror & trade cannot go together and water & blood cannot flow together. He also urged the international community to come together against all forms of terrorism.
- India-Maldives: Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh held bilateral discussions with the Defence Minister of Maldives Mr Mohamed Ghassan Maumoon in New Delhi on January 08, 2025, and comprehensively reviewed various aspects of bilateral defence & security cooperation. During the talks, both sides reasserted the firm commitment to work closely in realising the joint vision for India-Maldives Comprehensive Economic and Maritime Security Partnership.
- India-Indonesia: Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh and Minister of Defense of Indonesia Mr Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin co-chaired the third India-Indonesia Defence Ministers’ Dialogue in New Delhi on November 27, 2025, reaffirming the long-standing strategic partnership and deepening bilateral defence cooperation. Key outcomes of the meeting include Strategic Outlook on Indo-Pacific Peace and Security: Defence Cooperation and Industry Collaboration; Military-to-Military Engagements; Maritime Security and Multilateral Cooperation; Defence Technology, Submarine Capability, and Medical Cooperation; and Support for International Peace and Humanitarian Efforts.
- India-Morocco: Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh and his Moroccan counterpart Mr Abdeltif Loudiyi held a bilateral meeting in Rabat on September 22, 2025, where both ministers signed an MoU on defence cooperation. The MoU provides for a robust institutional framework to the growing partnership and paves the way for collaboration in defence industry, joint exercises, military training and capacity building. Raksha Mantri also announced the opening of a new Defence Wing at the Embassy of India in Rabat.
- India-Netherlands: Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh held a meeting with the Defence Minister of the Netherlands Mr Ruben Brekelmans in New Delhi on March 18, 2025. They discussed elevating the bilateral cooperation in areas like defence, security, information exchanges, Indo-Pacific and new & emerging technologies. The two Ministers explored the possibilities of collaboration in shipbuilding, equipment and space sectors, optimising the complementariness in skills, technology & scale of the two countries. They also discussed working together in domains like Artificial Intelligence and related technologies, besides connecting the respective defence technology research institutes and organisations.
- India-Brazil: Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh held a meeting with the Vice President of Brazil Mr Geraldo Alckmin and Defence Minister of Brazil Mr José Múcio Monteiro Filho in New Delhi on October 15, 2025. The leaders reviewed the progress of ongoing defence related initiatives and identified priority areas for joint work including exploring opportunities for co-development & co-production of defence equipment.
- India-Africa: On April 13, 2025, Raksha Rajya Mantri visited Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and inaugurated the harbour phase of Indian Navy’s maiden initiative of Africa-India Key Maritime Engagement exercise (AIKEYME) with Minister of Defence and National Service of Tanzania Dr Stergomena Lawrence Tax onboard INS Chennai. AIKEYME, co-hosted by India and Tanzania, involved participation from Comoros, Djibouti, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles and South Africa. The exercise represents commitment of the participating countries to a free, open and secure Indian Ocean. Raksha Rajya Mantri also joined the digital inauguration of Weapons Training Simulator facility established at Arusha and inauguration of Defence Expo. In the Defence Expo, 22 companies from India took part with their key products on display.
- India-UAE: Raksha Rajya Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh held a bilateral meeting with his UAE counterpart Mr Mohammed Mubarak Al Mazrouei in Dubai on November 17, 2025. He emphasised the importance of interaction between the two sides through institutional mechanisms, participation in defence exhibitions and training cooperation. He urged the two sides to explore joint research and co-development & co-production in the defence sector. Raksha Rajya Mantri was in Dubai to attend the Dubai Air Show. He inaugurated the India Pavilion where DPSUs and private industries like Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), DRDO, Corel Technologies, Dantal Hydraulics, Image Synergy Ekxplor, SFO Technologies and several defence start-ups put up their stalls. During the Dubai Air Show, a Tejas fighter aircraft tragically crashed while carrying out an aerial display. Wg Cdr Namansh Syal sustained fatal injuries in the unfortunate accident.
Gp Capt Shubhanshu Shukla
Gp Capt Shubhanshu Shukla created history as he became the first Indian astronaut to travel to the International Space Station. On July 15, 2025, he landed back safely on earth, following the successful completion of his historic 18-day mission, which was launched on June 25, 2025. During his time aboard the International Space Station, Group Captain Shukla worked seamlessly with fellow members of the Axiom-4 Crew and Expedition 73, embodying India’s growing leadership in international space cooperation. He conducted pioneering experiments in microgravity on subjects such as muscle regeneration, algal and microbial growth, crop viability, microbial survivability, cognitive performance in space, and the behaviour of cyanobacteria. These studies will deepen global understanding of human spaceflight and microgravity science, and provide critical inputs for India’s future missions. This successful mission significantly elevates India’s global standing in space exploration. It is a vital stepping stone towards India’s own human spaceflight ambition, including the Gaganyaan and the Bharatiya Antariksha Station.
President - Rafale sortie
On October 29, 2025, Smt Droupadi Murmu took a sortie in a Rafale aircraft at Air Force Station, Ambala in Haryana, becoming the first President of India to have taken sortie in two fighter aircraft of the Indian Air Force. Earlier, she took a sortie in Sukhoi 30 MKI in 2023. The President, who is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, flew for approximately 30 minutes covering about 200 kilometers before returning to the Air Force Station. The aircraft was flown by Group Captain Amit Gehani, Commanding Officer of the 17 Squadron. The aircraft flew at a height of about 15000 ft above sea level and at a speed of about 700 kilometers per hour.
President - Dived sortie
On December 28, 2025, President Smt Droupadi Murmu undertook a dived sortie onboard a submarine, INS Vaghsheer on Western Seaboard. During the over two-hour long sortie, the President was briefed on the role of the submarine arm in India's maritime strategy, and the operational capabilities & contributions in safeguarding national maritime interests. The President witnessed the operational demonstrations, and interacted with the crew, commended their dedicaton, commitment & spirit of selfless service. She described the indigenous submarine as a shining example of the Indian Navy's professional excellence, combat preparedness and unwavering commitment to national security.
Smt Droupadi Murmu is the second President to take sortie in a submarine after Dr APJ Abdul Kalam. Earlier, in November 2024, the President had witnessed an Operational Demonstration by the Indian Navy onboard the indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant.
MiG-21 Decommissioning
MiG-21, the legendary fighter aircraft of the Indian Air Force, was decommissioned after an illustrious service of more than six decades, in Chandigarh on September 26, 2025. The ceremony was graced by Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh. A ceremonial switch-off of six MiG-21 aircraft in front of the dignitaries marked the culmination of the aircraft’s operational service.
Operation Sagar Bandhu
In a testimony to India’s emergence as a Preferred Security Partner in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), the Indian Armed Forces are providing Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief (HADR) to Cyclone Ditwah-hit regions of Sri Lanka under Operation Sagar Bandhu. Two Indian Naval Warships INS Vikrant and INS Udaygiri at Colombo delivered immediate assistance by providing relief provisions at short notice. Ship-borne helicopters were deployed for aerial recce of the affected areas and augmented ongoing Search and Rescue efforts in coordination with the Sri Lanka Navy, leading to successful rescue of Sri Lankan citizens. The assets of the Indian Air Force (IAF) were ready for launch within an hour of the requisition, and as on December 09, 2025, they have brought back home 424 Indian nationals. 335 tons of rescue & relief material, medicines, BHISHM capsules, Para Field Hospitals and Bailey Bridges have also been distributed to the affected areas. A Mi-17 helicopter rescued 264 stranded people, including persons of different nationalities, critically-injured patients, pregnant women and infants. Fifty-seven troops of the Sri Lankan Army were also airlifted to provide assistance in relief operations. 10 IAF heavy lift transport aircraft were also deployed for airlifting a complete Field Hospital with 80 Medical & Paramedical personnel, Army Engineer Task Force of 48 personnel along with 04 bailey bridges and 80 specialist personnel of NDRF. The Field Hospital has treated over 2,200 patients and the Engineer Task Force has commenced construction of the Bailey Bridges to restore the severed road connectivity. An Mi17 helicopter is still on standby in Colombo for any required assistance. The Indian Navy, in addition to the initial support deployed five more warships – an Offshore Patrol Vessel, three Landing Craft Utilities and Landing Ship Tank to augment the aid to the relief and rescue efforts. Till date, seven Indian Naval ships have delivered 1,044 tons of relief material to the affected areas.
DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY AFFAIRS
Operation Sindoor
Operation Sindoor stands as a resounding testament to India’s unwavering resolve against terrorism - a bold demonstration of decisive leadership, joint operational synergy and the nation’s intent to safeguard its sovereignty against brutal killings by Pakistan-based terrorists. With precision and professionalism, the Indian Armed Forces struck deep into the heart of Pakistan’s terror infrastructure, delivering a calibrated and decisive blow. The operation showcased unmatched multi-domain capability and was executed simultaneously across the traditional domains of land, maritime and air as well as the emerging domains of cyber, space and information warfare.
With strategic foresight and restraint of the forces, Operation Sindoor highlighted India’s sustained focus on capability development i.e., from intelligence dominance to cutting edge technology and joint operational readiness. The operation was a classic demonstration of execution of will of the nation through seamless integration of all organs of the Government. The success of home-grown technologies and weapon systems in combat was validation of the success of ‘Aatmanirbharta’.
The operations sent an unambiguous message to the world: India will not tolerate terror, and those who sponsor it will face the full force of retribution. This operation would be remembered as a defining moment in India’s military history and as a symbol of military precision and national resolve.
INDIAN ARMY
Situation along Northern Front
· Situation along Northern borders remains stable yet sensitive. After the agreement on disengagement achieved in Depsang and Demchok in 2024, 2025 witnessed reduced deployment levels of PLA both opposite the Northern borders and in traditional training areas. PLA maintained 10 Combined Arms Brigade size forces each in tactical/ operational depth opposite the Northern borders and in training areas. The overall BMP pattern remained unchanged from 2024. The deployment of Indian Army in all sectors along the LAC is robust, well poised and prepared to deal with any emerging contingency.
· Own defence preparedness has been enhanced with infusion of new generation equipment and deployment of newly created force multipliers of Rudra Brigades, Divyastra Batteries & Bhairav Battalions along the Northern borders. The Northern borders also witnessed significant improvement of infrastructure, connectivity and billeting in all sectors.
· Bilateral interaction between India and China at political, diplomatic and military levels have facilitated positive developments and stabilisation on the Northern borders. Own military actions are calibrated and the approach is to respond to PLA activities with an aim to achieve peace and tranquillity adhering to the principle of ‘Mutual and Equal’ security.
· During the year, various channels of communication were effectively utilised to address mutual concerns along the Line of Actual Control. The year witnessed renewed engagement with 33rd and 34th round of Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination (WMCC) meeting in Mar & Jul 2025 respectively followed by 24th round of Special Representatives (SR) Talks on 19 Aug 2025 at New Delhi. The positive developments in bilateral relationship between both countries was further reinforced during Hon’ble PM’s visit to China for SCO Summit in Tianjin in Aug 2025. The constructive discourse of relations was also reflected during the 23rd Corps Commander Level Meet (Senior Highest Military Commander Level Meet) conducted in Western Sector (Eastern Ladakh) on 25-26 Oct 2025. At ground level, Border Personnel Meetings continued with the PLA in all sectors in a cordial and friendly environment to resolve issues of concern.
· The security situation in J&K remains firmly under control due to the relentless efforts of Indian Army. Awaam has chosen to follow the path of development and has been actively participating in large numbers in all government & Indian Army run initiatives. The ‘Whole of Nation Approach’ has resulted in reduction in violence levels, scaled down protests and zero incidents of stone pelting. After the DGMO talks on 10 & 12 May 2025, the situation remains stable though unpredictable. However, there has been an increase in Pakistan attempts to surreptitiously infiltrate terrorists through the LC & IB Sect.
· Pakistan attempted to activate Poonch-Rajouri region as a hotbed for proxy war during the year 2023-24. Therefore, own deliverables for year 2025 were clearly defined in terms of maintaining robust anti-infiltration grid, relentless conduct of operations in mid & higher reaches to dislocate/ neutralise terrorists and reduce local recruitment of cadres by creating a conducive environment for development.
· Security situation in hinterland continues to witness consistent improvement since 2019. Functionality of training camps, presence of terrorists in launch pads and continuing infiltration attempts substantiate persistent Pak’s intent to prosecute a proxy war strategy. Significant efforts are being made by Pak to exploit the IB sector not only to smuggle weapons and narcotics using drones but also to infiltrate large strength of terrorists.
Situation in North East Region
· The internal security situation across the North East Region remains stable and has shown a marked improvement over the past year. Sustained efforts of the Indian Army, Assam Rifles and other security agencies through Counter lnsurgency (CI)/ Counter Terrorism (CT) operations, domination of sensitive areas and a ‘Whole of Government’ approach have reduced the violence and shrunk the residual space available for insurgent activities. Concurrent dynamic initiatives of the Government along with the impetus on connectivity, border infrastructure and socio-economic development have created a congenial environment for multi-sectoral growth in the region.
· The Army and Assam Rifles have played a pivotal role in reducing the violence levels through focused CI/ CT operations. Since Jan 2025, 26 insurgents have been neutralised, 1024 insurgents have been apprehended, 111 insurgents have surrendered and 542 weapons have been recovered. Sustained CI/CT operations by security forces have progressively denied operational space to the Insurgent Groups.
· lnternal Security Situation in Manipur has improved in 2025. President’s Rule was promulgated on 13 Feb 2025, which has facilitated better inter-agency coordination and focused approach towards ending violence in the state. The effort of the security forces remains on recovering looted weapons, opening of National Highways and executing outreach programs to restore confidence among local communities. The peaceful conduct of the Durand Cup in Imphal on Jul 2025, the Shirui Lily festival in Ukhrul between 20-24 May 2025, the renewal of Suspension of Operations with Kuki Insurgent Groups on 04 Sep 2025 and the Hon’ble Prime Minister’s visit on 13 Sep 2025 have all been strong markers of peace & stability during the year. The progress on the Jiribam - Imphal railway line is steady, and set to deliver another milestone in Manipur’s development.
Security Along India Myanmar Border
· lndia-Myanmar Border (lMB) remains sensitive owing to persistent clashes between the Myanmar Army and Resistance Forces across the IMB resulting in an influx of 44,298 Myanmar nationals. lndian security forces have ensured that the North East Region remains insulated from the instability radiating from Myanmar. This has been achieved through enhanced surveillance, strengthened intelligence network and proactive border domination. Continuous engagement with Myanmar Army and local communities has further contributed towards maintaining stability along the IMB.
Counter Drone Operations
· A total of 791 drone intrusions (nine incidents along IB in J&K and 782 incidents along IB in Punjab/ Rajasthan) were reported during this year. Effective employment of own spoofers & jammers along the Western front significantly countered the drone threat. During the ibid period, 237 drones were brought down by own forces along IB Sector (five drones with War Like Stores, 72 drones with narcotics & 161 drones without any payload).
Infrastructure Development in Border Areas
· Concerted efforts are being made towards development of critical infrastructure including roads, bridges, tunnels, aviation bases in forward areas with enhanced focus towards Northern borders. A total 470 roads of approx. 27,300km are planned to be constructed in border areas as part of BRO perspective planning. Over last five years, BRO has been granted a financial outlay of approx. ₹23,625 Cr by the MoD for execution of GS roads which has enabled construction of approximately 4,595km length of roads in forward areas. Considerable progress has been achieved in establishment of forward connectivity especially along the Northern borders. For the current period approx. 1,125km of road construction has been achieved.
· Various actions have been initiated for enhancing BRO road construction capability. This includes reforms in DPR preparation, modernisation of equipment, incorporation of latest technology, invigorating EPC mode of execution, expediting statutory clearances and cadre review of the organisation.
· Development of Trans-Kashmir Connectivity for an approx. length of 717 Km from Poonch - Tristar - Banali - Sadhna Pass - P Gali - Z Gali - SPG - Razdhan - Gurez - Kaobal Gali - Sonamarg has been endorsed for development to NHDL (Paved Shoulders) specifications with tunnels proposed at Sadhna Pass, P Gali, Z Gali and Razdhan Pass. The project will be executed phase wise by BRO through MoD(GS) funding. Development of the same will provide forward, inter-sector and inter-valley connectivity.
· All-weather connectivity to strategically critical areas along Northern borders is an imperative for national security paradigm. Seven tunnels were identified and In Principle Approval has been accorded by Cabinet Secretariat in Nov 2024 for preparation of DPR by BRO. Once constructed, these will augment mobility of own forces by provisioning all weather connectivity thereby obviating winter stocking, minimise undertaking of expensive aviation operations for logistic sustenance, as also, increase footfall of tourists to remote areas.
· Due impetus is also being imparted for infrastructure development in the Siliguri Corridor. Measures to provide redundancy to the existing Lines of Communication in the Corridor are underway in consultation with MoRTH. Necessary approvals for de-congestion of the corridor have been accorded and estimates are under preparation. In addition, construction of infrastructure for Force Preservation and the Command Control elements are under progress.
Operational Works
· Comprehensive infrastructure development is being undertaken to facilitate the operational readiness of armed forces. Projects includes troop habitat, troop comfort amenities and technical infrastructure to support the operations of equipment and stores inducted in forward areas. Enhancing forward connectivity to remote border areas through construction of foot tracks, operational tracks and helipads is one of the key focus areas. Impetus has been imparted towards construction of force preservation infrastructure to facilitate the battle readiness of troops deployed in remote inaccessible areas.
Tri-Services Synergy
· Jointness and Integration: Operation Sindoor has aptly highlighted that jointness is the need of the hour. Complete theaterisation is imperative to meet future challenges and pave way for seamless synergy between the Services. Jointness and integration, being integral aspects of operational philosophy for Indian Army, have been emphasised upon by the Prime Minister. With accomplishment of 29% deliverables and completion of 35% Joint Doctrines, time has come to achieve all Jointness and Integration initiatives in a timely manner. The cross-linkages with sister Services are being nurtured so as to aggregate our capacities and capabilities. The initiatives, in congruence with the contemporary challenges and operational imperatives for joint and integrated structures for execution of Multi Domain Operations, continue in the right earnest to extract optimum benefits. An integration roadmap has been prepared and the same has been presented to Raksha Mantri. The integration initiatives are focused on operational readiness to include capability development, maintenance, administration, Human Resource Management and legal aspects. Jointness and integration is not only restricted to the three Services, sustained outreach to other Government agencies & departments is also ongoing to aggregate capacities and capabilities. In addition, global outreach to imbibe best practices and collaboration on security issues is also underway.
AMPHEX-2025
· Biannual joint amphibious exercise with Indian Navy, AMPHEX-2025 was conducted between 12-31 Jan 2025 at Vizag and Karwar. One Infantry Battalion Group including a Mechanised Platoon ex-Southern Command participated in the exercise.
Tri-Service Exercise
· Tri-Services Exercise was successfully conducted from November 03 to 13, 2025 under the aegis of the Indian Navy. Approx. 30,000 troops of Indian Army deployed in Gujarat & Rajasthan Sector participated in the exercise for enhanced coordination, integrated response and interoperability. It culminated with capstone exercise including amphibious operation on 13 Nov 2025 at Madhavpur Beach (Porbandar) along the Gujarat Coast.
Combined Commanders’ Conference 2025
· The Combined Commanders’ Conference 2025, with the theme ‘Year of Reforms-Transforming for the Future’, was held at HQ Eastern Command, Kolkata from 15-17 Sep 2025 under the aegis of HQ IDS with Indian Army as the lead Service. The event was inaugurated by the Prime Minister, wherein he highlighted the need for technological self-reliance and indigenous defence manufacturing. The discussions with Raksha Mantri focused on jointness, interoperability, technology driven warfare and reforms in key domains namely Space, Cyber and Special operations. The CDS stressed on continuous reforms to keep Indian defence forces agile, self-reliant and future ready amid global security challenges. CCC 2025 concluded with the release of a Joint Military Space Doctrine and a roadmap to make Indian Armed Forces more integrated, agile and technologically advanced to face multi-domain threats.
Tri-Service All Women Circumnavigation Sailing Expedition
· On 11 Sep 2025, a ‘Tri-Services All Women Circumnavigation Sailing Expedition’ comprising a 10 member crew (05 Indian Army, 04 Indian Air Force & 01 Indian Navy) was flagged off from the iconic Gateway of India at Mumbai in the virtual mode by Raksha Mantri. Between Sep 2025 to Jun 2026, the crew will cover approximately 25,000 nm while circumnavigating the planet.
Joint Services Training Institutes
· Based on ‘lead service’ concept, JSTIs are being established to carry out training of all three Services personnel at a single establishment in select domains. IA is the lead in four JSTI’s i.e., Chemical Biological Radiological & Nuclear (CBRN), Intelligence, Law & Music. Six JSTIs are in the process of being formulated. All four JSTIs which are under IA have already been institutionalised and have started conducting courses.
Capability Development, Modernisation and Aatmanirbharta
· To address any capability void and induct niche technology, special provision for two tranches of Emergency Procurements have been accorded in the year 2025. 13 schemes worth Rs 1,958.80 crore were contracted for strengthening the existing Counter Insurgency/ Counter Terrorism grid. In consideration of ongoing operational concerns, sanction for emergency procurement in the niche technology domains of Drone/ Counter Drone, Weapon systems, Precision Ammunition, Electronic Warfare Systems, Surveillance Systems etc was accorded. A total of 29 capability development schemes have already been contracted and another 16 schemes are likely to be contracted in Dec 2025.
· IA has laid down a clear roadmap as part of the Aatmanirbharta Vision, wherein ammunition procurement under 'Manufacture of Ammunition for IA by Indian industry' for long term requirement of 10 years is in progress to establish minimum one indigenous source for all types of ammunition. Through concerted and proactive efforts and in close coordination with other agencies, 159 out of 175 (nearly 91%) ammunition variants have been indigenised.
· Emergency Procurement In the wake of Op Sindoor, Emergency Procurement Powers were extended to the defence forces. The details with respect to IA are as under:
Ø Emergency Powers Revenue 2025: Total ceiling of procurement under Emergency Power Revenue is Rs 9,100 crore. Out of this, Rs 1,680 crore has been allocated to Field Army for procurement of equipment/ stores to enhance operational capability. Balance Rs 7,420 crore is being utilised for Central Procurement. As on 10 Nov 2025, complete budget for Emergency Power Revenue 2025 has been utilised. 78% of the budget in Central Procurement has been utilised for the procurement of ammunition, whereas 80% of the budget for Field Formations has been utilised to build Drone, Counter Drone and strike capability by acquiring Loiter Ammunition/ Kamikaze drones.
Ø Emergency Procurement VI Capital 2025: 58 schemes have been planned for Emergency Procurement VI Capital 2025. A total of 29 schemes, out of which 19 domestic schemes worth Rs 4,577.33 crore and 10 foreign schemes worth Rs 2,496.90 crore (total Rs 7,074.24 crore) have been concluded.
Ø The expenditure on foreign procurement is diminishing steadily and for the FY 2025-26, the ratio of domestic versus foreign payment assigned by MoD (Finance) to IA is 87:13. IA is likely to achieve the stipulated targets. Details of indigenisation with effect from FY 2021-22 to FY 2024-25 are tabulated below:-
Aatmanirbharta in Ammunition Manufacturing
· 32 variants of ammunition have been offered to the Indian Industry for long term contracts under ‘Manufacturing of Ammunition for IA by Indian Industry, a Government of India Initiative’. These are being progressed as 12 procurement cases (clubbed based on calibre/ platform) amounting to ₹ 15,899 Crore. Four cases worth ₹5,696 Cr have been placed with DPSUs & Private players and balance cases are at advance stages of evaluation and likely to fructify during the next six to twelve months. Most of these ammunition are likely to be indigenised by 2027-28.
· IA has a clear roadmap as part of the Aatmanirbharta vision for 10 years. In the Phase-I (2025-26), indigenisation (including private industry) for all import dependent ammunition for major platforms is underway for a total of 32 variants amounting to ₹15,899 Cr. In Phase-II (2026-27), five additional ammunition have been identified for production through Indian Industry to expand vendor base and secure stock affected by supply chain disruption. In Phase-III (2027 onwards), the experience and expertise gained in first two Phases would provide the requisite wherewithal in terms of infrastructure and technology, laying the foundation for indigenous development of next generation of hi-tech ammunition based on indigenous R&D in niche technology and Indian IPR for the world market. The aim of the Aatmanirbhar project is to build up ammunition stocks to desired levels, minimise imports and achieve self-sufficiency in the country as also establish at least two sources for each type of ammunition, obtain critical technologies and set up manufacturing infrastructure and capability.
· IA has a large inventory of ammunition, currently comprising 175 scaled in-service variants ranging from ammunition for vintage platforms to advance precision guided munitions. Through concerted efforts and close coordination with DRDO, DPSUs and Private Industry, 159 ammunition variants (90.85%) have been indigenised and are being sourced from indigenous source (single source - 110 and more than one source – 49).
· Indigenisation of Special Clothing & Mountaineering Equipment (SCME), authorised to troops deployed in areas with temperatures ranging from -200 to 500C, has been a key focus area of IA. Post embargo on import purchase in Dec 2021, the procurement of ex-import items has ceased and indigenisation is being pursued on war footing through a number of initiatives. There are total of 57 items authorised as part of SCME, out of which 53 have been indigenised and balance four are at an advanced stage of trials and indigenisation that is likely to be achieved by end 2026.
· Mission SWAYAT Experiment: Autonomous Weapon System (AWS) is a military technology that can select and engage targets without direct human intervention. With an aim to undertake development of indigenous AWS with desired lethal payload and appropriate human control, mission SWAYAT experiment was conducted from 23-25 Apr 2025 at Babina Field Firing Range to evaluate indigenous capability in AWS and to evolve a roadmap for its induction.
· Manufacturing of Drones: 515 Army Base Workshop and select Corps Z Workshops/ EME Battalions have established credible drone manufacturing capability using in-house expertise and collaboration with Subject Matter Experts (SME). The facilities are state-of-the-art, which meet the quality requirements of drones. A total of 819 drones (Surveillance-193, Kamikaze/ Armed/Weaponised-337, First Pilot View-289) have been manufactured till date by EME units.
· Digitisation and Automation: Towards enhancing operational efficiency through real time data analysis and autonomous systems, IA is making headway in AI driven decision-making tools such as ‘AI based preventive maintenance of IA Equipment and demand forecast of spares’, AI Model in Transport and Road Space Management and AI based supply chain mapping system.
· Military Diplomacy: Major Joint Exercises with FFCs from Jan-Nov 2025 are tabulated below :-
Structured Engagements: As on date, IA engages with armies of 19 countries through Staff Talks. So far, Army level talks have been conducted with following countries in year 2025:
Contributions towards United Nations Peacekeeping
· So far, India has participated in 53 out of 72 UN Peacekeeping Missions and has contributed over 2,97,000 personnel till date. 164 IA Peacekeepers have made supreme sacrifice defending the UN mandate. India’s approach to Peacekeeping is guided by the 5S as enunciated by the Hon’ble Prime Minister i.e. Samman (Respect), Samvaad (Communication), Sahyog (Cooperation), Samridhi (Prosperity) and Shanti (Peace).
· Presently, IA has deployed approximately 5,000 military personnel with five Infantry Battalions and 11 Formed Units apart from Staff Officers/ Military Observers across 10 UN missions in DRC, South Sudan, Abyei, Western Sahara, Central African Republic, Addis Ababa, Lebanon, Syria, Israel and Cyprus. However, due to ongoing financial liquidity crisis in UN and reduction in strength of personnel, the strength will reduce to approximately 4,100 uniformed personnel. To ameliorate the suffering of women and children in the conflict zone, Female Engagement Teams (FETs), Women Psychological Counsellors and Military Nursing Service (MNS) officers have been deployed to various missions. Trained Yoga instructors also form part of the contingent to conduct Yoga for peacekeepers and the local population.
Contributions towards Nation Building
Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief (HADR)
· Indian Army despite its operational commitments has always been at the forefront in providing HADR to the nation in disaster affected areas. In the year 2025, Indian Army deployed 141 Columns including Engineer Task Forces in more than 80 locations in 10 states, during which 28,293 nationals were rescued, medical aid was provided to approximately 7,318 and relief material distributed to over 2,617 nationals. Major relief operations were undertaken under Op Brahma in Myanmar (Mar 2025), Dharali rescue operations, Uttarakhand (Aug 2025), Dimapur floods (Jul 2025), flood relief operations in Chisot/ Kishtwar district in J&K (Aug 2025) and Pooh, Kinnaur district in Himachal Pradesh.
· The Indian Army is strongly committed to the vision of ‘Viksit Bharat @ 2047’ and undertakes ‘Military Civic Action Projects’ under Op Sadbhavana in remote border areas. With an annual budget of ₹ 150 Crores, Op Sadbhavana also contributes to the ‘Vibrant Villages’ programme of the Government and remains focussed on infrastructure development, education, healthcare and human resource development for remote locations including those along our borders.
· Territorial Army units have been deployed to provide a safe and secure environment for construction of the Railway Mega Project in Manipur. Owing to the presence of the TA troops, the project has progressed at a very fast pace with regular train service till Khongsang (Manipur). The project is likely to be completed by 2027.
Women Empowerment
· The Indian Army has been a key player in promoting women empowerment, reflecting the nation’s commitment to gender fairness and inclusivity. Over the years, the Army has broken longstanding barriers, providing women with opportunities to serve in various roles that were previously restricted. Through policy reforms, leadership opportunities, and strategic inclusion, the IA is actively fostering an environment where women can excel and lead. To ensure a gender-neutral future, it is essential to ensure that the feeder institutes are prepared to meet the imminent vacancies arising due to the expansion of role of women in Armed forces. 10% seats have been reserved for girls in all 33 Sainik Schools across India with effect from academic year 2021-22. Girl students have also been allowed in Rashtriya Military Schools with effect from academic session 2022-23 to act as feeder for officer cadet entry into National Defence Academy. 120 vacancies per year for women officer cadets have been earmarked in Officers Training Academy.
· The IA is actively promoting women to leadership positions, giving them opportunities to command and lead. Women officers are being considered and appointed to command roles of units/ battalions, a critical benchmark of leadership in the army. 119 women officers have been entrusted with the onerous responsibility of commanding Army units.
· The IA has seen a steady increase in the number of women reaching higher ranks, such as Lt Gen Sadhna Saxena Nair, VSM as DGMS (Army) and in ranks of Lieutenant Colonels and Colonels, and contributing to critical strategic and operational decisions. Women officers have tenanted the top four posts of AFMS, a testimony to the gender empowering approach of AFMS. The Army Postal Service is being headed by a women Maj Gen.
· Equal opportunities are being afforded to women officers to appear in Staff College exam at par with their male counterparts. Women officers are also being considered for Colonel (Selection Grade) ranks and given command appointments. Since May 2021, women were inducted in Corps of Military Police as OR and, now as Agniveers. IA is also looking for broader representation of women as JCOs & OR Cadre and planning to induct women in other Arms/ Services in a gradual manner.
· In 2024, Future Career Progression Policy was promulgated for women officers empanelled in Special Selection Boards (Lt Col to Col) to meet organisational requirement and career aspirations of women officers, while maintaining operational efficiency of IA. After conduct of Special Number 3 Selection Board (Lt Col to Col), the next Selection Board (Col to Brig) will be conducted as per extant policy provisions as applicable to all officers of IA.
· Women officers being commissioned into Services with effect from 01 Sep 2025 are now undergoing a 78 weeks attachment with units of Artillery/ AAD/ Engineers/ Signals deployed in field as their male counterparts.
Roadmap to Increase Women Representation in Army
· The Army has progressively enhanced annual intake of women cadets from 80 to 144 vacancies (80% increase) in 2024. This boosts female representation in the force at the level of officers. IA is taking progressive steps to increase the participation of women, while maintaining combat effectiveness. Commissioning of approximately 8,100 women officers in Arms & Services have been approved by the study of ‘Emp of Women Officers in IA’ in 2023. Selection process for JAG Special Entry Scheme will start from 2026 onwards.
INDIAN NAVY
The Indian Navy continued its strident and purposeful drive towards Aatmanirbharta and capability development with commissioning of 12 ships/submarines and delivery of a number of Yardcraft in 2025. The Navy’s robust proactive deployment during Op Sindoor cowered the PN fleet to operate close to its shores. Lessons learnt from operations/major tactical joint exercises and ongoing conflicts have led to a number of doctrinal and concept of operations revisions/updates as well as updating the technology induction philosophy. The capstone doctrinal document of the Navy – the Indian Maritime Doctrine – was revised and publicly released. The IN continues to steer the course to be combat ready, credible, cohesive and future ready.
Warship Construction
With over 177 ships/ submarine having been built and commissioned in India to date, the Navy continues to propel the domestic shipbuilding industry’s growth by supporting self-reliance in defence manufacturing. The Indian Navy remains the key pillar that supports the growth of Indian shipbuilding sector, with all 52 warships planned to be inducted in the Navy being built in India, orders for 75 more ships and submarines being in the final stages of approval, and steadfast focus on achieving higher indigenisation content across weapons, sensors and equipment.
A total of 12 ships have been delivered this year, as follows:
- INS Surat, 4th and last ship of P15B, was commissioned on 15 Jan 2025 by the Prime Minister at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai. INS Surat is the fastest constructed indigenous warship (frigate and above) built in only 31 months from launch to delivery.
- INS Nilgiri, first ship of P17A stealth frigates, was commissioned by Prime Minister, on 15 Jan 2025 at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai. INS Nilgiri, is the 100th indigenously designed naval platform, steered by the Warship Design Bureau, premier warship design organisation of IN.
- INS Vaghsheer, sixth and last submarine of P75 project, was commissioned by Prime Minister, on 15 Jan 2025 at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai. Post commissioning of INS Vaghsheer, all six submarines of the Project 75 have been delivered and commissioned into Indian Navy.
- INS Arnala built by GRSE, Kolkata has been delivered on May 08, 2025 and commissioned on 18 Jun 2025.
- INS Tamal has been commissioned on 01 Jul 2025 at Yantar Shipyard, Kaliningrad, Russia.
- INS Nistar built by HSL, Visakhapatnam has been delivered on 08 Jul 2025 and commissioned on 18 Jul 2025.
- INS Udaygiri, second ship of P17A stealth frigates, was delivered by MDL to IN on 01 Jul 2025 and commissioned by RM, on 26 Aug 2025 at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.
- INS Himgiri, first ship of P17A stealth frigates built at M/s GRSE was delivered to IN on 30 Jul 2025 and commissioned by RM, on 26 Aug 2025 at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.
- INS Androth built by GRSE, Kolkata has been delivered on 13 Sep 2025 and commissioned on 06 Oct 2025.
- INS Ikshak, third ship of Survey Vessel (Large) project was delivered by GRSE to IN on 14 Aug 2025 and commissioned by the Chief of Naval Staff, on 06 Nov 2025 at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.
- INS Mahe, the first ship of ASW Shallow Water Craft, was delivered by CSL to IN on 23 Oct 2025 and commissioned by the Chief of Army Staff, on 24 Nov 2025 at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.
- The first ship of DSC project - A20 has been delivered on 16 Sep 2025 and commissioned on 16 Dec 25.
A total of five warships have been launched this year, as follows:
- The second ship Utkarsh, was launched on 13 Jan 2025.
- Tavasya was launched on 22 Mar 2025.
- The 8th ship, Ajay was launched on July 21, 2025.
- The 3rd Ship DSC A22 was launched on 12 Sep 2025.
- The 6th ship, Magdala, ex-CSL, was launched on 18 Oct 2025.
A total of three Yardcraft have been delivered this year, as follows:
- The 8th, 9th and 10th barges of Ammunition Cum Torpedo Cum Missile Barges were delivered on 06 Jan 2025, 12 Mar 2025 and 22 Apr 2025 respectively (MSME Shipyard).
- The 7th and 8th Barges of Missile Cum Ammunition Barge project were delivered on 07 Jan 2025 and 04 Mar 2025 by SECON Engineering Projects Pvt Ltd, Visakhapatnam (MSME Shipyard).
- The 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th Bollard Pull Tugs of 06 x 25 Ton Bollard Pull Tug project were delivered on 12 Feb 2025, 26 Mar 2025, 27 Jun2025 and 04 Sep 2025 by Titagarh Rail System Limited, Kolkata.
Major Exercises
- TROPEX 25:
Indian Navy’s capstone biennial Theatre Level Operational Readiness Exercise (TROPEX-25) was conducted from Jan – Mar 25. The three-month long exercise was conducted in multiple phases, both in harbour and at sea, integrating various facets of combat operations, cyber and electronic warfare operations, live weapon drills during the Joint Work up Phase and Amphibious Exercise. Multiple ships, submarines, aircraft, ICG ships, IAF aircraft and Indian Army troops participated in the exercise. The exercise was aimed at validating Indian Navy’s core warfighting skills, and ensuring a synchronised, integrated response to preserve and protect national maritime security interests in a contested maritime environment. The exercise construct also included assessing the operational, material & logistics preparedness of Indian Navy as part of Exercise Taiyaar.
- Tri-Service Exercise 2025 was conducted from 03-13 Nov 2025 at/off Gujarat, with IN as the lead Service, with large scale participation from IA, IAF, BSF and ICG. TSE-2025 is the first exercise where all Services and organisations have been involved from ab-initio planning stage. The exercise was aimed at enhancing jointness and synergy amongst the Services, and formed a stepping stone for planning future tri-Service exercises.
- Ex Tiger Triumph is an Indo-US Tri-Service Amphibious HADR exercise between Indian and US defence forces. The exercise aims at developing interoperability and synergy between Indian and US defence forces in a combined and joint amphibious HADR scenario. The last edition of the exercise was conducted from 01-15 Apr 2025 at Visakhapatnam/ Kakinada Naval Enclave.
- Ex Jalprahar is conducted biannually to impart amphibious training to Indian Army infantry troops. The exercise involves participation of Indian Navy’s amphibious platforms along with Indian Army troops and equipment. This year, the exercise was conducted at Visakhapatnam/ Kakinada in the first week of
Oct 2025.
Salient points from Indian Navy’s major operational deployments are as follows:
- INS Imphal was deployed for participation in Mauritius National Day celebrations and arrived at Port Louis, Mauritius, on 01 Mar 2025. IN marching contingent, comprising 29 personnel and 25 men band along with two MH-60R helicopters participated in the National Day Parade held at Port Louis on 12 Mar 2025.
- INS Tamal, after commissioning at Kaliningrad, Russia, on 01 Jul 2025, completed her maiden passage and entered Karwar on 10 Sep 2025. During the passage, the ship undertook port visits at Russia, Morocco, Italy, Greece, Saudi Arabia and Oman, followed by Passage Exercise (PASSEX) with host navies.
- IN Ships Shakti, Satpura, Delhi and Kiltan were deployed for Eastern Fleet Operational Deployment from 16 Jul – 03 Aug 2025. During the deployment, the ships undertook port visits at Singapore, Vietnam and Philippines and also undertook PASSEX/ bilateral exercises with the host navies.
- IN Ship Kadmatt was deployed for participation in the 50th Independence Day Celebrations of Papua New Guinea, at/ off Port Moresby (30 Aug - 07 Sep 2025). The ship also undertook port visit at Indonesia, Fiji, and Australia during the deployment.
- IN Ship Trikand was deployed for WFOD 03/ 25. The ship participated in Ex Bright Star, at/ off Alexandria, Egypt (01 – 11 Sep 2025) and undertook maiden bilateral exercise with Hellenic Navy, at/ off Salamis Bay, Greece (13 – 18 Sep 2025). The ship also undertook port visits at Cyprus, Italy, and Oman, during the deployment.
- IN Ship Sahyadri is deployed for EFOD 03/ 25. The ship undertook port visit at Kemaman, Malaysia from 02 – 05 Oct 2025.
- 1st Training Squadron units, Sujata, Shardul and ICGS Veera were deployed for Long Range Training Deployment to South East Asian countries from 10 Jan – 11 Mar 2025 and undertook port visits at Singapore, Cambodia, Indonesia and Thailand.
- 1st Training Squadron Ships Tir, Shardul, Sujata and Sarathi were deployed for Long Range Training Deployment to SW IOR, from 25 Aug – 09 Oct 2025. The ships undertook port visits at Seychelles, Mauritius, Reunion, Mozambique, and Kenya.
Exercises with Foreign Navies
Since Jan 25, a number of naval ships and aircraft have participated in 18 bilateral, 08 multilateral, 31 maritime partnership exercises, 04 Coordinated Patrols (CORPAT) and 12 Joint Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) surveillance exercises. Some exercises include French Carrier Strike Group (CSG) comprising Charles de Gaulle, FNS Jacques Chevalier, FNS Provence, FNS Duguay Trouin, FNS Seine, FNS Forbin and FNS Alsace visited India from 03 – 09 Jan 2025. Upon departure, on 09 Jan 2025, PASSEX was undertaken by IN Ship Mormugao with FN ships Provence and Jacques Chevalier, off Goa. The exercise also included participation of Large Force Engagement (LFE) by IAF aircraft with the CSG.
Combined Maritime Forces (CMF).
- IN P8I (Maritime Patrol and Reconnaissance Aircraft) undertook four sorties in support of CMF operations, off the Oman Coast, during the period. IN Ship Tarkash participated in the Focused Operation ‘ANZAC Tiger’ conducted jointly by CTF 150 and CTF 151, from 27 Mar – 04 Apr 2025, off the Oman Coast. During the Operation, Tarkash boarded FV Sina Al Buradi and seized over 2500kg of narcotics. The operation enhanced interoperability in conduct of anti-narcotics operations and fostered maritime partnership with the participating navies.
- Royal New Zealand Navy took over the Command of CTF 150 from Pakistan Navy with effect from 15 Jan 2025. Five IN officers have been deputed as part of CTF 150 Rainbow Staff from 04 Jan 2025 onwards. This was the maiden deputation of IN personnel at CMF Headquarters, Bahrain, aimed at enhancing functional linkages with the CMF.
- INS Shardul participated in the 05th Multinational Naval Ex Komodo 25, hosted by the Indonesian Navy, at/ off Bali, Indonesia from February 15 – 22, 2025. The ship participated in the International Fleet Review, HADR exercise at sea and harbour, and community outreach programmes during the exercise.
- IN P8I (Maritime Patrol and Reconnaissance Aircraft), participated in the flypast during International Fleet Review, at Bali, Indonesia, from 14 – 16 Feb 2025.’
- IN Ship Ranvir participated in the 5th edition of IN - BN bilateral Ex Bongosagar, and undertook coordinated patrol with BN, off IMBL, in Northern Bay of Bengal, from 10 – 12 Mar 2025.
- Indian Navy & French Navy bilateral exercise Varuna was conducted, off Goa, from 19 – 22 Mar 2025. Advanced Anti-Submarine Warfare and Air Defence exercises were undertaken involving the IN Carrier Battle Group (CBG) and the FN Carrier Strike Group (CSG).
- IN - RuFN (Russian Federation) bilateral exercise INDRA was conducted, at/off Chennai, from 25 – 29 Mar 2025. The exercise strengthened the maritime cooperation and interoperability between the two navies.
HADR and SAR
- On 04 Jan 2025, based on an input received at Information Fusion Centre - Indian Ocean Region (IFC - IOR) through the resident Malaysian Liaison Officer, Malaysian flagged Sailing Vessel Bit (with 05 Chinese crew onboard), which was running low on fuel, was provided 1000 ltrs of fuel by mission deployed unit INS Kirch, off Campbell Bay, A&N.
- On 07 Mar 2025, based on a request by an Iranian dhow off Oman Coast, mission deployed IN ship Tarkash provided medical assistance to an injured crew (Pakistan national), undertook repairs of the RO plant and restored fresh water supply onboard.
- On 23 Apr 2025, IN Ship Chennai, rendered medical assistance to a seafarer onboard Marshall Island flagged Oil tanker MV Invictus, in a position approx. 550 nm South East of Eyl, Somalia. Necessary medical aid was rendered to the injured crew, who suffered from third degree burns, due to fire onboard.
- Consequent to a devastating earthquake in Myanmar and Thailand on 28 Mar 2025, the first IN ship set sail for Yangon, Myanmar, within 12 hours of the incident with 30 tonnes of relief material, reinforcing the nation’s commitment as the ‘first responder’. As part of Op Brahma, five IN Ships Satpura, Savitri, Karmuk, LCU 52 and Gharial, were deployed for rendering HADR assistance, and delivered an approx. 512 tonnes of relief material.
- On 04 Apr 2025, based on inputs received regarding a FV in distress, in position approx. 385 nm South East of Duqm, Oman, mission deployed IN Ship Trikand, rendered medical assistance to a Pakistani national, who suffered a severe fracture with laceration in three fingers of right hand. The ship’s medical team performed surgery lasting three hours including suturing and splinting thereby, rendering patient stable and avoiding amputation. Additionally, medical supplies were also provided to the crew.
Medical Evacuation
- On 19 Feb 2025, a request was received from the Iranian side, for medical evacuation of an Iranian cadet onboard Iranian Naval Ship Bushehr (operating in a position approx. 50 nm South of Mumbai), suffering from acute appendicitis. ICGS Arush, deployed in vicinity, was immediately diverted and evacuated the cadet to Mumbai on 20 Feb 2025. The patient was successfully treated at INHS Asvini, Mumbai and was discharged on 25 Feb 2025.
- On 21 Mar 2025, a request received from MRCC (Mbi) for MEDEVAC of three crew members, who sustained severe burn injuries crew, onboard Panama Flagged Bulk Carrier MV Heilan Star (IMO No. 9587984). The vessel was operating in position approx. 185 nm North West of Goa. A Sea King helicopter ex – INS Vikrant was launched and evacuated the crew to INS Hansa, Goa. Subsequently, the injured crew were shifted to Goa Medical College for further medical management.
- On 13 Jun 2025, IN Ship Sharda and a Sea King Helicopter rendered medical assistance to an Indian crew (unconscious due to loss of blood through stool) onboard Singapore flagged MV Eagle Veracruz. The seafarer was evacuated to Kochi by the Seaking helicopter for further medical management.
Aid to Civil Authorities
- On 09 Jan 2025, based on a request from the Govt. of Assam, IN diving team was deputed to Umrangso, Dima Hasao District, Assam to render diving assistance for rescue of 11 miners stranded inside a coal quarry. The team undertook nine hours of diving and six hours of ROV operations in close coordination with NDRF, Army Para SF and local administration. The diving team was de-inducted on 13 Jan 2025.
- On 27 Jan 2025, a request was received from Goa State Administration for assistance towards repair of the jammed sluice gate of Amthane Dam, Bardez District, North Goa. IN deployed a diving team, which removed the securing bolts of the sluice gate spindle under challenging conditions, thereby, enabling lifting of the gate. The timely action by the IN diving team averted a drinking water crisis in North Goa.
- On 23 Feb 2025, based on a request received from Telangana State administration, a six member IN diving team was deputed to provide assistance in rescuing workers reportedly trapped during the tunnel collapse incident at the Srisailam left bank canal, Telangana. The team was de-inducted on 28 Feb 2025.
- On 02 Jun 2025, IN diving team rendered assistance and handed over mortal remains of one drowned tourist from Bandara river, Ponda, Goa to the State Administrative authorities.
- On 01 Jun 2025, IN diving team rendered assistance and recovered mortal remains of a Foreign Trainee Officer (Tanzania), ex-Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala, from Ernakulum Channel, Kochi. The mortal remains were thereafter airlifted to Tanzania, post medical and legal procedures at Kochi.
- On 07 Sep 2025, a fire broke out at East India Petrochemicals Limited (EIPL), Visakhapatnam, due to lightning strike on a methanol tank. A Sea King helicopter was deployed, which undertook multiple sorties to drop water and foam over the fire. After sustained efforts, the fire was brought under control.
- On 13 Sep 2025, based on a request from the District Collector, North Goa, an IN diving team was deputed to search for a missing person in Zuari River, Agacaim Tiswadi, Goa. The diving team comprising five divers, undertook extensive diving efforts, and recovered the mortal remains on 14 Sep 2025, and handed over the same to the civil police for further action.
Indigenisation Projects
The major milestones and contracts concluded for indigenisation projects under various schemes are enumerated below:
- Directorate of Indigenisation is presently pursuing 17 projects in accordance with DPM guidelines. Contracts have been concluded for 16 projects and 01 project is at contract conclusion stage.
- IN is progressing 98 problem statements (36 under DISC, 04 under Prime, 08 under ADITI, 01 under INDUS-X, 49 under Open Challenge categories) through 113 startups. Out of a total of 113 startups, contract has been concluded with 98 Start-Ups for 76 projects.
- In order to introduce cutting edge technology on board IN platforms, 33 projects are being pursued under the Technology Development Fund scheme. Contract has been concluded for 13 projects at a cost of Rs 48.41 Cr. Two projects are at contract conclusion stage. Formulation of RFP is in progress for 06 projects and 12 projects are at AoN stage.
- IN is pursuing a total of 50 ‘Make’ projects in accordance with Chapter III of DAP 2020. Details under various category are as follows:-
- Presently, 29 projects are being steered under ‘Make-II’ category. AoN has been accorded for 15 projects. Prototype development contracts have been concluded for 13 projects and 02 projects are at EoI stage. Remaining 14 projects are under various stages of feasibility study/ AIP stage.
- Under ‘Make I’, AoN has been accorded for 04 projects and 04 projects are under various stages of feasibility study/ AIP stage. Under ‘Make III’, there are nil projects.
- 13 Joint Services projects (out of which 11 ‘Make II’, 01 ‘Make III’ and 01 ‘Make I’ joint projects) are being steered with IA and IAF as Lead Services.
Projects under R&D Route
DFPDS-2021 provisions under R&D Head are being effectively utilised to engage with industry and academia and leverage their potential to develop products and to undertake problem solving. IN is working on a number of projects with industry, IITs and academic institutes of repute. A total of 154 cases are being progressed by various professional directorates at NHQ and units at Command level. 89 contracts amounting to Rs 112.63 Cr have already been concluded.
Foreign Cooperation
- INS Sunayna, embarked with 44 personnel from nine different countries across the region, was deployed as IOS SAGAR to the East coast of Africa from Apr to May 25. During the deployment, the ship made goodwill visits at Tanzania, Mozambique, Mauritius, Seychelles, and Maldives, and participated in bilateral exercise with the host navies.
- The Africa India Key Maritime Engagement (AIKEYME) 2025 was inaugurated on 13 Apr 25 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, marking a significant step in strengthening maritime cooperation between Indian and African nations, under the overarching national vision of ‘MAHASAGAR’. A total of nine African countries (Comoros, Djibouti, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, South Africa and Tanzania) participated in the event.
Empowerment and Welfare of Women
- In keeping with Government’s commitment towards upliftment of women, the Indian Navy has opened all branches and specialisations, except submarines, for women to join as officers and Agniveers. Indian Navy became the first Service to leverage Agnipath to tap into the vibrant ‘Nari Shakti’ of the nation’s work force.
Implementation of GoI Initiative – Digital India
- Armed Forces Secure Access Card is a tri-Services project, with the Indian Navy as the Lead Service. It is aimed at replacing the existing paper-based I-Cards being used by the three Services. The goal of the project is to establish a robust and technology-driven physical security infrastructure at defence establishments. More than 90,000 Service/ DSC personnel and Defence civilians pan-Navy have already been enrolled for AFSAC.
- Under the ‘Mission Karmayogi’ of GoI, online training modules on i-GOT platform have been implemented for all Central Government employees. As a step further, Naval Head Quarters/ DCP in coordination with Karmayogi Bharat, is in the process of uploading customised domain specific e-learning courses specifically for Naval Civilians.
INDIAN AIR FORCE
The IAF remained fully committed to enhancing aerospace power while acquitting itself with flying colours during Op Sindoor that demonstrated its all-round capability to decisively shape military outcomes with precision and speed. Mindful of ongoing technology revolution, IAF has focussed on innovation and adaptability while adhering to the principle of ‘Train Like We Fight’, emphasising inter-Service cooperation and joint planning. Successful integration and exploitation of new systems, weapons and equipment is testament to the IAF’s sustained focus on logistics, maintenance and Aatmanirbharta.
Air Defence
Radars were deployed for active monitoring of Indian airspace. ORPs by fighters were manned round the clock. Additionally, ORP by transport aircraft and helicopters were also maintained to tackle unusual air activity (slow mover). Air Defence operations witnessed a substantial increase during the months of Apr and May 25 and the details are as under:
- Integrated Air Command and Control System worked flawlessly and was instrumental in integrating air surveillance picture from all sensors in the country and the same was provided to Army and IN through Akashteer and IMSAS respectively. The fused picture was instrumental in building up Air Situation Picture across the country and ensured seamless and effective Air Defence activities across the Western front.
- C-UAS assets from across the country were mobilised along the borders within short span of time. These indigenous C-UAS equipment were effective during the operation and were extensively utilised along the Western front preventing serious damage to IAF bases.
- With effect from 07 May 25, a total of 32 airports including Joint User IAF Airfields (JUAs) West of the line joining Leh-Sarsawa-Delhi-Jaipur-Udaipur-Ahmedabad-Bhavnagar-Diu were declared closed for all civil flights. All the 25 international routes to the West of this line were also closed for all civil traffic. Civil Non-scheduled/Flying Training Organisation flights/adventure or leisure air activities/ aerial survey activity of any kind were also prohibited from 07 to 09 May 25. The same was normalised w.e.f. 12 May 25.
Anti-Naxal Task Force Missions
Large scale Anti-Naxal operations were undertaken by IAF helicopters in South Bastar (localized to Koragattalu hills) between 21 Apr to 10 May 25. During the ops, IAF airlifted 2609 troops, 158 tons of load and 18 casualties. The helicopter operations proved to be a lifeline for ground action by Central Armed Police Force (CAPF) that involved elimination of 31 Naxals. Critical supplies in terms of ammunition, food and water were delivered to the troops right at the Naxal infested hills. Insertion and extraction of troops were undertaken concurrently. Safe and effective operations from forward areas to ground zero contributed significantly to the success of CAPFs in these operations.
International Exercises/ Airlift
- An air exercise was conducted between the IAF and aircraft on board the French Navy Carrier Strike Group ‘Charles De Gaulle’ on 09 Jan 25 in IOR (off the coast of Goa). The engagement involved fighter aircraft and force enablers of the IAF and the French Carrier Strike Group. In addition, 02 x IL-78 in AAR role and 01 x C-130 in SAR (ARK) role participated in an exercise with French CSG on 09 Jan 25 off Goa coast. The AAR was carried out for IAF fighter ac (04 x Jag of 6 Sqn and 04 x Su-30 of 22 Sqn). One aircrew each from 78 Sqn and 87 Sqn participated in the interaction with French team on 08 Jan 25.
- One C-295 was utilised for airlift of IA contingent and load to Maldives for participation in Ex Ekuverin. Induction of IA contingent (45 personnel and 2.0T load) was carried out on 01 Feb 25 and de-induction on 16 Feb 25.
- Two IL-78 participated in TROPEX (Joint Work-up Phase) from 03 to 06 Feb 25. These were utilised to provide AAR to IAF receivers. One IL-78 participated in the main phase of the exercise from 18 Feb to 02 Mar 25 while operating from Sulur. Another IL-78 participated in the main phase of the exercise from 24 Feb to 02 Mar 25 while operating from Goa. AAR was carried out for both IAF and IN receivers.
- One C-17 was tasked for airlift of IA contingent to Japan for participation in Ex Dharma Guardian-25. Induction of IA contingent (120 personnel and 22.0T load) was carried out on 22-24 Feb 25. De-induction was carried out on 08-10 Mar 25.
- IAF successfully participated in Ex Iniochos-25 in Andravida, Greece from 31 Mar to 11 Apr 25. 02 x IL-78 ac were utilised for AAR support for ferry of 04 x Su-30 of 8Sqn from Jamnagar to Cairo (West) on 24 Apr 25. 01 x IL-78 operated from Abu Dhabi as pull tanker while 01 x IL-78 operated from Naliya as push tanker. 02 x C-17 were utilised for airlift of load and exercise contingent from Adampur to Andravida, Greece from 21 Mar to 26 Mar 25.
- India-Uzbekistan Joint Ex Dustlik-2025 was conducted at FTN Aundh, Pune from 15-28 April 2025. Mi-17 and Garud participated in the exercise.
- IAF participated in Ex Tiger Triumph (tri-Service HADR exercise with US with IN as Lead Service) at Vishakhapatnam from 01 to 14 Apr 25. C-130J and Mi-17 V5 along with Garuds and Rapid Air Medical Team participated in the exercise. IAF also participated in two SMEEs.
- IAF successfully participated in Ex Desert Flag-10 at Al-Dhafra, UAE from 17 Apr-12 May 25 with MiG-29 and Jaguar aircraft along with 159 IAF personnel.
- India and US Air Forces Special Forces Joint Exercise named Ex Tiger Claw 25 was conducted at various locations in North India from 26 May to 09 Jun 25. It is the first ever independent Air Forces SF Exercise between India and the USA. A total 113 jumps were carried out by C-130J of IAF and USAF.
- Indian Army participated in Exercise YudhAbhyas in USA, from 27 Aug 25 to 19 Sep 25. One C-17 aircraft was utilised for induction of the Indian Army contingent and cargo, comprising 50 personnel and 24 tons of load. Ferry in and de-induction was completed on 21 Sep 25.
- A Tri-service contingent from India participated in Ex Bright Star at Egypt from 28 Aug 25 to 10 Sep 25. IAF participated with Su-30 MKI & C-130-J aircraft along with 227 personnel. C-130J aircraft participated in the exercise for airborne ops (static line and Combat Free Fall). Two IL-78, two C-17 and one IL-76 aircraft were tasked for induction and de-induction of the contingent.
- IAF participated in the exercise Ex Desert Knight 25.1 with UAE and France on 02 Sep 25 in IOR.
National Exercises
- One IL-76 was utilised to airlift the AFSOD team from Yelahanka to Goa on 03 Mar 25. Two An-32 of SAC participated in the exercise at Goa and carried out air landed operations on 05 Mar 25 at Agatti and CFF at Kavaratti on 06 Mar 25. The de-induction of AFSOD team to Yelahanka was carried out by 01 x C-17 on 08 Mar 25.
- In pursuit of operational excellence and joint preparedness, IAF conducted the exercise MahaGujRaj-25 from 28 Oct to 11 Nov 25 in the Western Sector.
HADR Operations (National)
- On a very short notice, one C-130 airlifted IN divers’ team with specialist equipment from Vishakhapatnam to Kumbhirgram on 07 Jan 25. The team along with 3T equipment was then airlifted by Mi-17 from Kumbhirgram to accident site at Umrangsho in Dima Haso district of Assam. One Mi-17 also airlifted one heavy duty pump along with operators from Kumbhirgram to accident site on 08 Jan 25. One C-130 airlifted a 4T heavy duty suction pump of Coal India Limited, Chandrapur along with six operators from Nagpur to Kumbhirgram on night of 08/09 Jan 25. Mi-17 thereafter moved the equipment from Kumbhirgram to accident site in two shuttles on 09 Jan 25
- Two Chetak helicopters were utilised for airlift of NDRF team of three personnel from Hakimpet to Sri Salem on 23 Feb 25. One Mi-17 was kept on standby at Yelahanka for NDRF load. Two dogs with four handlers of Kerala SDRF were airlifted by An-32 aircraft from Kochi to Hakimpet in the early morning hours of 05 Mar 25. These were then airlifted by two Chetak Helicopters to the helipad at tunnel site Domelpetta.
- On 28 Feb 25, a tragedy struck Mana, Uttarakhand, when part of a glacier disintegrated and fell on a BRO labour camp. As part of rescue missions, IAF pressed various transport aircraft and helicopters into action viz., Do-228, Mi-17 and Cheetah between 28 Feb 25 and 03 Mar 25. The Do-228 was utilised to airlift DIBODS equipment and operators from Delhi to Dehradun. Mi-17 helicopters operated from Dehradun/ Gaucher to Joshimath and the Cheetah helicopter operated between Joshimath and Mana. IAF facilitated airlift of 90 NDRF/ SDRF/ ITBP personnel including DIBODS operators, 05 casualties, 02 mortal remains and 2.15T load during the rescue mission.
- Mi-17 1V of IAF was utilised to rescue 14 stranded people in Tinsukia district of Assam on 01 Jun 25.
- Mi-17 V5 of IAF were utilised to airlift 30 personnel and 1.7T of relief load of NDRF from Bagdogra to Chhaten on 03 Jun 25.
Casualty Evacuation
- One civilian patient of UT Ladakh was airlifted from Leh to Chandigarh on 22 Apr 25.
- Four CASEVAC missions were flown during operations conducted during Op Triveni in Apr 25.
- On request of Govt UT J&K, helicopter effort was provided towards 19 casualty evacuations.
- Helicopter effort was provided to airlift mortal remains of Rfn (GD) late Ranjeet Singh Kashyap of 33 Assam Rifles along with one JCO from Raipur to Jagdalpur on 22 Sep 25.
HADR Operations (International)
- One C-17 aircraft of 81 Sqn was utilised to airlift 286 Indians from Maesot, Thailand on 10 Mar 25. These Indians were rescued from Myanmar (SE Asia Cyber Fraud Racket) by MEA. Airlift was provided from the nearest airbase Maesot, Thailand to Hindan. On next day, 11 Mar 25, another C-17 was utilised to airlift the next lot of 266 Indians. IAF also ensured provisioning of administrative support to teams from MEA and MHA for disbursement of evacuees after arrival at Hindan.
- C-17 aircraft of IAF were utilised for evacuation of Indian diaspora in the wake of Iran-Israel war. First C-17 ac airlifted 171 passengers on 23-24 Jun 25 from Jordan while the second C-17 airlifted 264 passengers from Egypt. Third C-17 airlifted 224 passengers from Egypt from 24 to 25 Jun 25.
- C-130 aircraft of IAF was utilised to airlift officer of IA from Kathmandu to Delhi on 24 May 25 due to a medical emergency.
- C-130 and C-17 airlifted 177 Tons of relief material and 198 personnel towards HADR Ops in the wake of Myanmar earthquake.
Tri-service Integration
- Inspection and Safety branch of the IAF is spearheading the adoption of common aviation standards for all three Services. It achieved a significant milestone by publishing the first ever framework for common aviation standards in form of common Tri-service Order on ‘Categorisation and Instrument Rating Scheme for Aircrew’.
- Modalities of formation of Common Aerospace Safety Organisation for the three Services was approved on 26 Jul 24. Cross postings of one IAF officer each to Flight Safety Directorates of IA and IN have been effected on 03 Mar 25. Reciprocal postings from IA and IN will be effected in near future.
- Inter-Service Integration of Maintenance and Logistics Management is being progressed for common assets through the aegis of Principal Maintenance Officers Committee (PMOC) under HQ IDS. In the related context, the DMA Task Directive 2/2024 on Inter-Service Integration of Maintenance and Inventory Management (Air Assets) - Sanrakshan Samanavay has been issued with the concurrence of CDS & Secy DMA on 11 Mar 24.
- Inspection and Safety branch of IAF is spearheading adoption of common aviation standards. A significant milestone was achieved by carrying out joint examinations in the three Services by AEB, AIRCATS and GEB teams under the frame work of common aviation standards. Combined simulator training for pilots of IAF, Indian Navy, Indian Army and Indian Coast Guard was conducted, thus promoting interoperability and cooperation. Additionally, common service terminologies have been established which enable efficient conduct of flying tests and enhance overall synergy among the Services.
- Efforts towards integration of MM ERP & IM ERP is underway through operationalisation efforts of tri-Services Logistics Management Application (TLMA) & tri-service Logistic and Maintenance Management Application (TLMMA) over the Joint Communication Architecture (JCA).
- HQ IDS had given directions to IA as the Lead Service to convene a Board to finalise modalities of common ammunition storage in tri-Services. Air armament stores of IAF not requiring environment control were proposed for storage at IA Ammunition Depots.
Indigenisation/Aatmanirbharta Drive
- To foster the self-reliance initiative of the Government and reduce imports, MoD has promulgated five Positive Indigenisation Lists (PIL) comprising 509 items to be indigenised. Out of the 138 lines of items pertaining to IAF, 27 lines belong to Maintenance Branch feature in fourth and fifth PILs. 13 lines out of the 27 lines have been indigenised and remaining 14 lines are at various stages of indigenisation.
- The impetus on indigenisation over the last decade has resulted in indigenisation of approximately 76,000 lines of spares. 1,482 spares have been indigenised during production year 2024-25 and 328 lines have been indigenised in the current PY (till date). Total Foreign Exchange (FE) savings for 2024-25 is approximately ₹406.15 Cr. In the current year, FE savings of ₹317.33 Cr has been achieved till date.
- IAF is undertaking niche technology development in the turf of unmanned and autonomous aerial vehicles through its innovative initiative Mehar Baba Competition (MBC). The MBC is a forerunner in bridging the gap between Indian industry, academia, and users by providing them common platforms. The first version of this competition was successfully completed with award of ₹300 Cr order to an Indian Start Up for development of Swarm Drone enabled system. The second edition of the competition has been concluded on 29 Jul 24 and winners of the competition were felicitated at Aero India-2025 by RRM Shri Sanjay Seth and Development Fund of more than ₹2 Cr to each team has been awarded by the IAF. After the successful completion of two editions of this competition, MBC-3 has been announced which is aimed at encouraging research and development in the field of niche technologies to promote ‘Aatmanirbharta’.
- IAF has been successful in creating an efficient and robust defence manufacturing eco system in RPA/Drone/SAM systems to enhance military capability. The top five winners of Mehar Baba Competition-I have got orders worth Rs 800 crore from the three Services while teams from the top 20 have got orders worth Rs 200 crore. These teams employ more than 700 persons in high value jobs. In addition, the participants have got orders from various organisations for delivery of similar drones for utilisation in other fields such as Logistics, Medicines, Agriculture etc. The competition has given impetus to the growth of indigenous drone industry to make India a Drone Hub by 2030, in line with vision of the PM.
Self-Reliance Efforts by IAF through IGA/JV
- Currently, there are three Make-III projects going on under JV/ToT with foreign OEM at various stages. IAF has identified 223 lines of spares for manufacturing/ ROH in India under IGA. Towards this, two JVs and one MoU have been signed. An IGA on ‘Mutual Cooperation in Joint Manufacturing of Spares, Components, Aggregates and other materials related to Russian/Soviet origin Arms and Defence Equipment’ was signed during the 20th India-Russia Bilateral Summit held at Vladivostok on 04 Sep 2019. The progress achieved and efforts made under the frame work of IGA Russia are elucidated below:
- IAF has identified 223 lines of spares for manufacturing/ROH in India. Out of the 223 lines, Space Era, Hyderabad has formed JV with PJSC Kret for 24 lines. Supply Order for ₹207 Cr has been placed on Space Era, Hyderabad. Out of 159 items Joint Receipt Inspection (JRI) for 146 items has been completed and 13 items were found unserviceable during JRI.
- JV with Magnum Aerospace Solutions Pvt Ltd and Rubin Aviation Corporation for 76 lines of spares for Wheels, Brakes and Hub for IL series, Mi-17 series and An-32 ac. IAF is in the process of placing supply order for the required lines under IGA guidelines.
- MoU for three lines of Su-30 (Air to Air Heat Exchanger, Combined Control Panel & Dehydrator) has been signed between M/s Magnum Aviation Ltd and PJSC UAC on 15 Aug 23. HAL has informed that Combined Control Panel & Dehydrator has been indigenised. JV for Air to Air Heat Exchanger between Russian OEM & M/s Magnum Aviation Ltd is under progress.
- RFP for ten lines of Su-30 ac for ROH were forwarded to AA, Moscow and DPO (ICE-1) for sharing with Russian OEMs on 22 Jan 24. AA Moscow has intimated that the RFP has been issued to NASC and OEM (PJSC UAC) vide AA/MOS/JV (IGA) dated 12 Feb 24. The response by Russian OEMs is awaited.
Nation Building
- IAF was tasked to achieve plantation 7,50,000 trees by 26 Jan 25. The same has been achieved under ‘EK Ped Maa Ke Naam’ campaign within the stipulated time.
- Mi-17 was provided for airlift of Hon’ble Governor of Assam along with three officials from LGBI Airport Guwahati to Lakhimpur, Narayanpur HS Field on 02 Apr 25
- Mi-17 was provided for airlift of Hon’ble Governor of UT of J&K from Jammu to 4 RR Helipad, Bhaderwah District Doda and back on 17 Apr 25.
- IAF provided Helicopter effort for airlift of His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama and his entourage from Sindhu Ghat, Leh to Padum, Zanskar on 21 Jul 25 with return on 26 Jul 25.
- Three Cheetal helicopters of 114 HU were provided for airlift of Hon’ble Lt Governor of Ladakh and his entourage from Leh to Padum and back on 20 Sep 25.
MoU with 13 Banks
MoU with 13 banks has been signed for upgraded additional benefits under ‘Defence Salary Package’ (DSP) Bank accounts held by Air Warriors, NCs(E), Agniveervayu, Air Veterans, Veer Naris and families. Special drive was launched to convert normal Savings Bank account into DSP account. Few banks have upgraded the features in DSP account like air accident insurance death cover, personal accident insurance cover, permanent and partial disability cover, education benefits for dependent children of deceased, air ambulance facility, marriage of girl child, medical checkup and medical insurance etc.
Procurements/Inductions
- IAF has contracted for C-295 MW aircraft from Airbus Defence and Space. Two squadrons have been equipped with the aircraft. The first domestically manufactured C-295 is likely to be delivered in 2026. The C-295 simulator has also been operationalised.
- During FY 2025-26 MoD has allocated ₹64,811.68 Cr towards IAF Capital Budget. Out of which Capital Acquisition is ₹59,646.83 Cr and Capital Works is ₹5,164.85 Cr.
- During FY 2025-26, MoD has allocated ₹55,000.00 Cr towards IAF Revenue Budget. Out of this ₹24,000.00 Cr is for Salary Head and ₹ 31,000.00Cr is for other than Salary (OTS) segment.
HQ INTEGRATED DEFENCE STAFF
HQ IDS put in concerted efforts in strengthening jointness and integration among the defence forces. In particular, lessons learnt from ongoing Op Sindoor and various exercises were analysed and implemented/ being progressed for implementation. Particular mention is made of a number of foundational initiatives taken to enhance jointness and integration that include promulgation of eight new Joint Doctrines/ Manuals, issuance of a number of Joint Orders/ Instructions for compliance by all defence forces, promulgation of Defence Procurement Manual 2025, impetus to Multi Domain Operations (MDO) with enhanced focus on cyber & space domains, and infusing greater synergy of defence forces with academia and industry (including MSMEs).
Capability Development / Aatmanirbharta
- Armed Forces are a vital instrument of power in the grand strategic vision of India as articulated in Vision India 2047. The Armed Forces Vision 2047 is centred on transforming the Armed Forces into a modern, agile, self-reliant and technologically superior force capable of guarding and planning national interests and contribute towards Viksit Bharat. Keeping this aim in mind, the Armed Forces Vision 2047 has been prepared in two parts; Part I of this document will be released publicly in the near future.
- HQ IDS progressed capital acquisition cases of the three Services and CG at various stages of RFI, SQRs and SoC, with an aim to ensure commonality and interoperability. Since 01 Jan 25, 350 capital acquisition cases have been examined and being progressed.
- A detailed study on Emergency Procurements has been carried out to highlight critical operational gaps being addressed through Emergency Procurements. The Study covers major acquisitions, focus areas and alignment with the Annual Acquisition Plan (AAP) for all Emergency Procurements from 2019-2025.
- Raksha Yantra application is used for maintaining and updating the database of capital acquisition schemes and carrying out various analysis related to trends in capital acquisition and capability development of the three Services. The application is also being utilised towards digitisation of Service Procurement Board (SPB) proceedings. Presently, certain pre-AoN activities i.e. updating of e-SoCs by Service HQs, sharing of online meeting notices along with agenda points of SPB, issue of draft and final minutes of meeting are conducted online using the Raksha Yantra network. The application provides insights to each Service on schemes being pursued by other sister Services thereby facilitating jointness an integration.
- Several policy initiatives and reforms have been undertaken to encourage indigenous design, development and manufacture of defence equipment to promote self-reliance in defence manufacturing and technology. These, initiatives include according priority to procurement of capital items of Buy (Indian-IDDM) category from domestic sources under Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP-2020).
- Annual Acquisition Plan for capital acquisitions is formulated by HQ IDS, based on inputs from Army, Navy, Air Force and the Joint Staff Organisations (JSO). The Annual Acquisition Plan for the period 2025-27 has been formulated by HQ IDS and was promulgated on 22 May 25.
- During the past three years, significant impetus has been given to scientific studies for determining the optimal requirement of various equipment. Major capital acquisitions are being funnelled through an ORSA study to achieve optimisation and joint capability development. Two ORSA studies have been completed during the period Jan to Nov 25 thus contributing to capability development and savings to exchequer.
Jointness and Integration/Tri-Service Synergy
197 initiatives have been identified to enhance jointness and integration under the verticals of Operations and Intelligence, Capability Development, Communications & IT, Op Logistics, Training, Maintenance Support, Human Resources, Admin and Legal.
- Joint Services Training Institutes (JSTIs) have been raised to optimise joint training in domains common to the three Services. JSTIs function on ‘Lead Service’ concept and five JSTIs have already started functioning. These include Intelligence (lead - Army) at Pune, CBRN (lead - Army) at FCBRNP Pune, Law (lead - Army) at New Delhi, Music (lead - Army) at Pachmarhi & Catering (lead – Navy) at Mumbai. Two joint pilot courses for JSTI (Cyber) on Advance Cyber Warfare have been conducted at Information Warfare school, Bangalore. Additionally, Tri-service Advanced Cyber Warfare course under the umbrella of Multi Domain Operations (MDO) has also been conducted at MCTE/HQ Army Training Command. Finalisation of JSTI Cyber is at an advanced stage. Additionally, studies for establishment of JSTI MRSAM, Helicopter Flying Training & Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) Repair and Maintenance Training are under progress.
- 17 Women cadets passed out form NDA on 30 May 2025 as part of 148th NDA course. 15 women cadets of the 149th NDA course graduated on 30 Nov 25.
- Keeping in mind the evolving nature of warfare driven by the rise of technology and hybrid threats demands continuous adaptation and lessons from contemporary conflicts, a Future Warfare Course has been commenced to equip officers of the defence forces to adeptly fight future wars. The course also advances interdisciplinary expertise in MDO. Structured as a four-week programme, this rank agnostic course through rigorous academic and practical modules strengthens jointness and integration.
- Ran Samwad is conceptualised as conversations on war, warfare and war fighting among the practitioners of war. It focuses on how war is likely to be fought in future, and accordingly doctrines that need to be developed, capabilities that need to be built and the modification/transformation our war fighting concepts, equipment, training and organisation. In this context, A seminar ‘Ran Samwad’ was organised by HQ IDS & Army War College (AWC), Mhow from 23-27 Aug 2025. The seminar included FDAs from Friendly Foreign Countries (FFC) namely, Australia, Bangladesh, Burundi, France, Germany, Malaysia, Mongolia, Netherlands, Oman, South Korea, Sri Lanka, USA, Vietnam and Zambia.
Space Domain
- Satellite constellations provided rapid imagery and secure communications for HADR missions. Integration of remote sensing and GIS helped disaster management teams with real-time assessment and distribution of aid resources during major events in 2025.
Indigenisation and R&D
- Research collaboration with national research organisations as a whole-of-nation approach would greatly facilitate Services in utilisation of expertise available with these organisations to induct and adopt technology. Accordingly, HQ IDS has been progressing collaboration with Council of Scientific Research (CSIR), Dept of Science of Technology (DST) and IITs/ NIITs. MoU for R&D collaboration was signed between CSIR and HQ IDS on 23 Nov 23 and with DST on 21 Mar 25.
- Directorate of Indigenisation under the aegis of HQ IDS is coordinating development of ‘Digital Database of Indian Defence Industry’ by M/s KPMG. The data application will host products and contact details of companies/firms involved in manufacturing/supplying the items required by the Services in a structured format. This initiative aims to bring together India’s defence industry, R&D, academia and start-ups to map and develop competencies across the defence sector.
Technology Perspective and Capability Roadmap 2025
TPCR-2025 outlines the technological requirements and capability roadmap of the Services covering a period of 15 years and is aimed at establishing a level playing field for both public and private sector defence industry. The document facilitates Indian defence industry to plan allocation of resources for R&D, manpower and infrastructure development in key technology areas. TPCR-2025 was released by RM during the tri-Service seminar ‘Ran Samwad’ and is hosted on MoD website.
Global Industry Interactions
Post implementation of the policy framework for Indian industries to design, develop and manufacture all types of military systems and platforms, collaboration with foreign industries to undertake co-development, share technologies and manufacture in India has been encouraged to meet India’s own needs and exports. Accordingly, a total of 28 global industry meetings to enhance Industry-Service alignment and facilitate joint ventures that emphasise ToT, manufacturing in India and export from India.
Civil Military Fusion
Op Sindoor not only showcased how victory was possible through jointness but also illustrated the need for a robust civil-military fusion for strengthening national security, imbibe niche technology and thus effectively face future challenges. A detailed study on civil military fusion has been carried out in conjunction with Think Tanks, Service HQs and concerned MoD departments.
Infrastructure and Tech Developments
Modernised labs have been established on Robotics, AI Hub, Drone Lab and Underwater Research Centre to enhance learning value for the students at Military Institute of Technology.
Military Diplomacy and Foreign Training/ Exercises
- 12 Friendly Countries’ military delegations visited India in the current year. Training visits conducted include the following:
- 98 officers of friendly countries have been/are being trained in Armed Forces Training Institutes in the year 2025. 175 officers of all three Services are undergoing/ will be undergoing courses in friendly countries for capability enhancement, in niche technology and career courses.
- During RM’s visit to Australia in Oct 25, for the inaugural India-Australia Defence Ministers dialogue, the two nations signed Implementing Agreement (IA) on Defence Information Analytical Cooperation on 09 Oct 25. Focused on defence related Information exchange, this maiden agreement was signed by CISC on behalf of HQ IDS in presence of the RM.
- Ex Tiger Triumph is a Joint Bilateral Tri-Services Amphibious HADR Ex conducted annually between India and US defence forces. The exercise was conducted from 01-13 Apr 25 at Vizag. This was the first iteration of Ex Tiger Triumph which included participation from cyber representatives from both countries.
- Exercise Bright Star is a multilateral exercise hosted by Egypt since 1980. A tri-Service Indian contingent participated in the exercise from 27 Aug to 10 Sep 25.
- The third Youth Exchange Programme instituted in the honour of Late Gen Bipin Rawat, the first CDS was held from 13-26 Oct 25 which involved 15 young military officers from India and Australia learning from each other and through interactions and visits to premier Service institutions, DPSUs and civil defence manufacturers.
Visits of higher military leadership, including CDS & CISC, to Friendly Countries are enumerated below:
- CDS Gen Anil Chauhan visited Australia from 04-07 Mar 25. During the visit, CDS interacted with Admiral David Johnston, CDF Australia and was briefed by Australia’s Chief of Services Committee. The discussions focused on defence exports to Australia, strategic & operational information sharing, air domain awareness and widening of strategic interests to include tri-lateral engagements with Indonesia.
- The International Institute for Strategic Studies conducted the 22nd Shangri-La Dialogue at Singapore from 30 May to 01 Jun 25. CDS was invited to speak on ‘Defence Innovation Solutions for Future Challenges’. Apart from Special Sessions, bilateral meetings with dignitaries of Australia, France, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, UK and USA were also conducted.
- CDS visited Indonesia from 27-30 October 2025 during which interactions were held with the Minister of Defence of Indonesia, senior hierarchy of Indonesian armed forces and defence industry. Both nations share a common vision on regional and maritime security and agreed to enhance bilateral defence engagements.
- CISC Air Mshl Ashutosh Dixit visited Sri Lanka from 05-06 Jun 2025 as part of the delegation to attend 8th Annual Defence Dialogue headed by Defence Secretary Shri Rajesh Kumar Singh. Bilateral meetings with Sri Lankan dignitaries viz, Secretary of Defence, Commander of the Air Force & Commandant, National Defence College were conducted.
- CISC visited Australia from 26-27 Jul 25 to attend the Chief of Joint Operations Conclave at Darwin. The conclave consisted of series of bilateral and multilateral strategic interactions with policy experts, academia and senior military functionaries covering aspects such as military preparedness interoperability, hybrid threat resilience and economic self-sufficiency.
- The Indian delegation led by CISC participated in the Indo-Pacific Chiefs of Defence Conference from 26-28 Aug 25 at Hua Hin, Thailand. The conference was conducted with an aim to broader defence cooperation, advance maritime collaboration, deepen professional military exchanges & to explore new domains of partnership in Indo-Pacific Region. The conference included lectures & bilateral talks between participating countries.
- CISC visited Myanmar as part of Defence Secretary led delegation for the 2nd Indo-Myanmar Annual Defence Dialogue held at Nay Pyi Taw from 25-26 Sep 2025. The objective of the visit was to strengthen defence engagement and enhance bilateral military relations.
- DG DIA & DCIDS (Int) led delegation visited Japan from 24-26 Sep 25 to participate in the 18th Indo-Pacific Intelligence Chiefs Conference (IPICC). In addition to participation in IPICC, the opportunity was utilised to hold bilateral interactions with 12 countries viz. Australia, France, Japan, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Philippines, RoK, Sri Lanka, Thailand, UK and USA. The forum was also utilised to highlight the cross border state sponsored terrorism by Pakistan.
Visits of higher military leadership from friendly nations to India are enumerated below:
- Chief of Defence Force, Royal Thai Armed Forces Gen Songwit Noonpackdee along with delegation members visited India from 21-24 Jan 25 that included defence industrial visit.
- Algeria’s Minister Delegate to the National Defence Minister, Chief of Staff Gen Said Chanegriha along with delegation members visited India from 05-12 Feb 25. Industrial visits were conducted to familiarise the visiting delegation of myriad defence manufacturing capability of India.
- Commander, Malawi Defence Force Gen Paul Valentino Phiri along with delegation members visited India from 16-18 Feb 25 and also interacted with the CDS. The delegation visited National Defence College, Delhi and were familiarised with Indian Training Institutes & UN Peace Keeping Ops.
- First Deputy Minister of Defence, Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Kazakhstan Lt Gen Sultan Kamaletdinov along with delegation members visited India from 10-14 Aug 25. Various industrial tours and meets were conducted to familiarise the delegation with indigenous defence manufacturing capability.
- Chief of General Staff, Royal Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia Gen Fayyad Bin Hamed Al-Ruwaili along with delegation members visited India from 02-04 Dec 25. Round Table Conference was conducted at Manekshaw Centre on 03 Dec 2025. Matters of mutual interest on defence cooperation, military exercises & logistics support were discussed.
HADR Operations and Exercises.
With an aim to collaborate & synergise, medical officers from various medical establishments of defence forces have been part of joint HADR exercises conducted by NDMA. These exercises are undertaken at the State/UT level with the involvement of SDRF/UTDRF & NDRF. Medical officers from co-located units/hospitals were nominated to participate in the exercises as observers. 32 HADR exercises were conducted during the period from Jan 25 to Nov 25.
International / National HADR Exercises
- The 44th edition of Exercise Cobra Gold was held in Bangkok, Thailand from 04 Feb to 05 Mar 25. A Tri-Service team of 21 personnel participated in the same.
- India-Maldives HADR Exercise was held in Maldives from 05-07 May 25. Indian Navy was the lead agency and a Tri-Service contingent participated in the Exercise.
- Two officers participated in Exercise Coordinated Response from 28-30 Oct 25 and ADMM Plus Experts Working Group on HADR from 31 Oct to 01 Nov 25 respectively at Singapore.
- Details of HADR operations/ activities conducted in the nation and coordinated by HQ IDS from Jan 25 to date are as under:-
Joint Doctrine/ Primers/ Publications released by HQ IDS from Jan 25 to Nov 25 are as under:
MILITARY ENGINEER SERVICES
In line with the Government’s vision of improving effectiveness, Ease of Doing Business, Make in India, improving standards of living, transparency, a large number of regulatory/procedural documents have been revised. Some of the major improvements are as under:
- Post approval of adoption of New Construction Technologies in MES projects by DMA, the MES has undertaken incorporation of NCTs with an aim of reducing construction timelines, improving quality standards and ensuring superior finishes in numerous projects. On date, a total of 96 projects, amounting to approx. ₹1900 Cr are at various stages of planning /execution.
- Revised policy for Enlistment of Engineering Consultants for MES has been promulgated by E-in-C’s Branch on 28 Feb 25
- Advisory on adoption of BIM in MES projects over ₹100 Cr has been promulgated by E-in-C’s Branch on 10 Mar 25.
- Amendment for policy of approval of CMPT for use in MES Works has been promulgated by E-in-C’s Branch on 17 Apr 25.
MES is progressing implementation of several e-governance applications. In addition to existing web applications, the Chief of Army Staff has launched the following applications on 21 Aug 25:
- e-MB application has been developed for digital recording of Bill of Quantities for Works/ services, thereby forming basis of payment to contractors.
- MES Integrated Monitoring and Arbitration Management Software, a pioneering cloud-based arbitration management system, has been developed to streamline the complete process of arbitration in MES from appointing of arbitrators, monitoring arbitration proceedings till implementation/ challenge of award.
- With the rising clientele, aspirations and inclusion of modern tech advancements in dental services, a case was taken up with DMA for amendment in the Scales of Accommodation of Dental Platoon in Field Hospital. Amendment for same, duly incorporating Dental lab and enhanced norms for dental services, has been approved and promulgated on 17 Sep 25.
Energy Conservation Initiative
MES commitment to sustainability and green practices has been steadfast. MES has set up 140 MW of Solar Power Plants across 128 stations, resulting in annual saving of over ₹100 Crore. In addition, rooftop solar projects of 20 MW under the PM Suryaghar Muft Bijli Yojana are underway at 59 stations.
Projects Completed
- Operational infrastructure at various locations for the three Services amounting to a total of Rs 1041.47 Cr was completed during the year.
- Training infrastructure Works at various locations amounting to Rs 20.73 Cr was completed.
- Works related to health care and support facilities amounting to Rs 42.79 Cr was completed.
Projects Under Progress
- Thal Sena Bhawan: The subject work was sanctioned for an amount of Rs 747.84 Cr. Present progress of the work is at 80% and project is likely to be completed soon.
- Technical Accommodation for 155 Base Hospital, Tejpur: The subject work was sanctioned for an amount of Rs 112.82 Cr. Present progress of the work is 98%.
- Induction of Boeing 777, Air Force Station Palam: The Administrative Approval amount of the work was Rs 195.34 crore. Present progress of work is 72%.
INDIAN COAST GUARD
Operation Sindoor
The Indian Coast Guard (ICG), along with Indian Navy, mobilised assets and intensified surveillance along India’s Western Seaboard, strengthening coastal defence/ security and contributed to deterrence against hostile maritime threats/intent in sensitive areas. For creek sector, ICG alongwith concerned stakeholders maintained necessary surveillance/preparedness for mobilisation of ground forces.
Anti-smuggling & Narcotics Control Operations
- On 29 Jan 25, ICG seized 53.62 Kilograms of Cannabis (Ganja) worth ₹ 60 Lakhs, near Indo-Sri Lankan IMBL. The seized narcotics was handed over to Customs for further legal action.
- On 12 Feb 25, ICG Ship seized 2000 kg of Dry Ginger worth ₹ 10 Lakhs from Muthupettai, TN. The consignment was handed over to Tamil Nadu Police for further legal action.
- On 05 Mar 25, on receipt of information from DRI, ICG intercepted Tug TB Shwe Lin Yone alongwith dumb barge (COMARCO 2101) (with 09 crew) off Kanyakumari and recovered two suspicious bags containing 29 packets of Hashish Oil (29.950 kg) worth ₹ 32.94 Crore. Additionally, 10 mobile phones and one satellite phone were also seized from the vessel. The tug, barge and crew alongwith consignment were handed over to DRI, Tuticorin for further legal action.
- On 12 & 13 Apr 25, ICG in a joint operation with Gujarat ATS, seized 307.50 kg narcotic worth ₹1800 Crore off Gujarat coast. The seized consignments were handed over to ATS for further legal action.
- On 21 Apr 25, ICG seized 302 kg of Tendu Leaves off Indo Sri Lanka IMBL. The seized consignments were handed over to Customs Department, Rameshwaram for further legal action.
- On 06 May 25, ICG carried out an anti-narcotics operation off Indo-Sri Lanka IMBL and seized 155 kg Tendu Leaves from 2nd Island (off Dhunshkodi). The seized consignments was handed over to Customs, Rameshwaram for further legal action.
- On 11 Sep 25, ICG carried out a anti-narcotics operation and seized 96 Kg Tendu Leaves and 118 kg Dry Ginger from 3rd Island, Dhanushkodi. The seized consignment was handed over to Customs for further legal action.
Anti-poaching Operations
- In early Feb 25, ICG conducted anti-poaching operations, wherein security forces apprehended Five Myanmarese Poachers with two conventional dinghies from Landfall Island/ Creek and seized 400 Kilograms Sea Cucumber. The apprehended dinghies and poachers were handed over to A&N Police, Diglipur for further investigation/ disposal.
- On 11 Mar 25, ICG C-428 whilst on patrol apprehended one Myanmarese fishing boat alongwith 14 crew in position 15 n miles West of Rutland (A&N) for violation of MZI Act 1981. The apprehended fishing boat was handed over to A&N Police.
- Seizure of 200 Kg Sea Cucumber. On 30 Mar 25, ICG conducted anti-poaching operation and seized 200 kg of illegal Sea Cucumbers worth ₹ 80 Lakhs off Uchpulli beach, Tamil Nadu. The consignment was handed over to Customs/ CSG for further legal action.
- On 13 Apr 25, ICG conducted anti-poaching operation and seized 145 kg of illegal Sea Cucumbers worth Rs 58 Lakhs off Mandapam. The seized consignment was handed over to Forest Department, Rameshwaram for further legal action.
- On 24 Apr 25, ICG conducted anti-poaching operation and seized 07 gunny bags containing 150 kg Sea Cucumber worth ₹ 60.00 Lakhs off north Mandapam. The seized consignment was handed over to Forest Department, Mandapam for further legal action.
- On 24 Aug 25, ICG conducted anti-poaching operation and seized 350 kg of illegal Sea Cucumbers from Myanmarese boat worth Rs 35 Lakhs off Paget Island, Andaman & Nicobar. The seized consignments alongwith boat was handed over to local police for further legal action.
- On 07 Sep 25, ICG Ship on IMBL patrol apprehended 01 Bangladesh Fishing Boat (BFB) ‘Mayer Doya’ alongwith 13 crew in position 115 Sagar Island Lt 66.5 NM for carrying out illegal fishing in Indian Waters. The BFB alongwith 13 crew was brought to Frazerganj and handed over to Marine Police for further action.
- On 09 Sep 25, based on int input, ICGS Aruna Asaf Ali in a sea-air coordinated operation intercepted a Myanmarese boat near East Island and apprehended 03 Myanmarese poachers. 06 other poachers of the group were apprehended by A&N Police from the East Island on 11 Sep 25.
- ICG Ships deployed on Indo-Bangladesh IMBL apprehended 04 Bangladeshi Fishing Boats (Amena Goni, Mayor Doa, Nur-E-Madina, Adib) alongwith 107 crew on 15, 16, 17 and 19 Nov 25 for illegal fishing inside Indian EEZ. All apprehended boats and crew were handed over to Marine Police, Frazerganj for further legal action.
- Based on local intelligence inputs regarding suspicious activity by fishing boats off South Mandapam, a joint team of ICGS Mandapam and Customs carried out operation on 02 Nov 25. A total of 1400 Kg Sea Cucumber in 85 bags alongwith Indian fishing boat was seized during joint operations. The seized IFB with confiscated sea cucumber has been handed over to the Forest department, Mandapam for further legal action. The total value of consignment as appreciated to be approx. Rs 6.5 crore.
Search & Rescue
The SAR data for 2025 is as follows:
Coastal Security
The data on CS efforts by ICG is tabulated below:
Aid to Civil Authorities
- During immersion ceremony of idols of Lord Ganesha along the coast of Mumbai, CGRHQ (West) conducted 'Operation Utsav' from 27 Jul - 06 Aug 25 to carryout surveillance and provide SAR cover during the utsav. ICG ships and aircraft were deployed during the period for SAR assistance.
- ICG conducted ‘Operation Utsav’ from 26-27 Jun 25 and 05-08 Jul 25 along the coast of Puri, Odisha and from 27 Jun 25 to 08 Jul 25 along the coast of Digha, West Bengal for security and SAR during immersion ceremony of Idols of Lord Jagannath.
Commissioning
- Three in the series of eight new-generation Adamya-class Fast Patrol Vessels built by Goa Shipyard Limited were commissioned into the Indian Coast Guard this year. The first vessel (Adamya) was commissioned at Paradip on September 19, 2025, the second vessel (Akshar) at Karaikal on October 04, 2025 and third vessel (Amulya) at Goa on December 19, 2025. These ships underscore India’s steady progress towards defence self-reliance, in line with the Government’s Aatmanirbhar Bharat and Make-in-India initiatives.
National Level Exercises & Meetings
- The 10th edition of national level exercise was conducted off Chennai in Oct 25, showcasing strengthened national oil-spill response readiness and coordination capabilities. Representatives of stakeholders and international observers from 29 countries participated in the exercise.
- 27th National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan & Preparedness meeting was held at Chennai on 05 Oct 25. Director General Paramesh Sivamani, DGICG chaired the meeting. 116 delegates including representatives of various ministries, Central and State Government departments and Oil Handling Agencies participated in the meeting.
- The 23rd edition board meeting was conducted on 10 Nov 25. The meeting enhances inter-agency coordination, improves preparedness, reviews cases, updates SOPs and strengthens India’s unified response for saving lives at sea. Stakeholders/ delegates from various member agencies participated in the meeting. During the said meeting, national M-SAR awards for various categories were also conferred.
Ship Visits
- ICG Ship Shaunak was deployed for OSD to Singapore, Japan and Indonesia from Dec 24 to Feb 25 for bilateral interactions and joint exercises with Coast Guards of visiting countries. ICG Ship visited Yokohama, Japan from 07 to 11 Jan 25 and participated in ICG-JCG Joint Exercise. Further, ICG Ship Shaunak made a port call at Jakarta, Indonesia from 27 to 30 Jan 25, as part of ongoing overseas deployment.
- During a significant display of growing maritime cooperation between India and the United Arab Emirates and Oman, the ICG ship Shoor as part of Overseas deployment, visited UAE and Oman in Feb 25 for professional interactions and joint exercises with Coast Guards/ Maritime Law Enforcement Agencies of visiting countries. ICGS Shoor during a week-long stay at Abu Dhabi, UAE, participated in two major Defence exhibitions viz. Naval Defence Exhibition & Conference (NAVDEX) and International Defence Exhibition (IDEX-2025). Further, the Offshore Patrol Vessel subsequently visited Muscat, Oman end Feb 25 and engaged with Royal Oman Police Coast Guard (ROPCG). During the visit, the ship conducted capacity building, Maritime SAR and joint training with ROPCG. The OSD served multiple objectives, beyond showcasing India’s Maritime capabilities; it advances the country’s ‘SAGAR’ (Security and Growth for All in the Region) initiatives.
- In Mar 25, ICG Ship Sachet was deployed on a Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) mission to Djibouti and Sudan. The consignment included vital pharmaceuticals, life-saving drugs, and critical medical devices aimed at supporting local healthcare infrastructure and addressing urgent medical needs in Djibouti and Sudan. The mission underscored India's broader diplomatic outreach and defense cooperation with African nations, strengthening bilateral relations and enhancing maritime goodwill. This operation aligns with India’s commitment to ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ (The World is One Family) and reinforces the country's leadership in humanitarian and disaster relief efforts across the Indian Ocean region and beyond.
- As part of an international exchange program, ICGS Saksham was deployed for overseas mission to Seychelles, Madagascar and Comoros from 06 Mar to 04 Apr 2025. The mission was aimed at fostering maritime cooperation, enhancing inter-agency coordination, and to promote environmental awareness in alignment with India's Puneet Sagar Abhiyan on a global scale. A contingent of 10 NCC Cadets and one Permanent Instructor (PI) Staff was embarked onboard, providing them with a unique opportunity to engage in cross-cultural exchanges and gain first hand experience in international maritime collaboration. Additionally,10 Officers/Personnel from the Assam Rifles were also embarked onboard. Their participation was aimed to strengthen inter-agency synergy and provide exposure to international cooperative engagements with the Coast Guards and Maritime Agencies of friendly countries. This initiative facilitated knowledge sharing, interoperability, and enhanced diplomatic ties between India and the host nations in the maritime security domain.
- ICG Ship Sachet visited to East African countries namely Kenya, South Africa, Mozambique and Tanzania from 08 Sep to 02 Nov 25 for professional interactions and joint exercises with Coast Guard/ Maritime Agencies of visiting countries.
- ICGS Sarathi as part of 1st Training Squadron (1TS) was deployed overseas to Seychelles, Mauritius, Reunion, Mozambique and Kenya from 25 Aug to 06 Oct 25.
Joint Exercises
- JCG training Ship Itsukushima arrived Chennai from 07-12 Jul 25 as part of its Global Ocean Voyage Training programme. Further, ICG and JCG carried out joint PASSEX exercise on 12 Jul 25 towards operational synergy. During the stay JCG crew visited Regional Maritime Pollution Response Centre (RMPRC) and other ICG Installations for understanding the ICG functions.
Repatriation Operations
- ICG and Bangladeshi Coast Guard (BCG) undertook repatriation of fishermen on 05 Jan 25. 06 Indian Fishing Boats and 95 Fishermen were repatriated from Bangladesh to India and 02 Bangladeshi Fishing Boats and 90 fishermen were repatriated from India to Bangladesh.
- On 26 Sep 25, one Indian Fishing Boat and four fishermen were repatriated from Sri Lanka to India.
- On 17 Nov 25, 03 Indian fishermen alongwith 01 IFB were repatriated from Sri Lanka to India.
In support of the Government’s Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and the Prime Minister’s call for the ‘Swachhta Hi Seva’ campaign, the ICG organised International Coastal Cleanup Day 25 (ICC-25) across all coastal States and Union Territories on 20 Sep 25. A total of 26,092 volunteers participated nationwide, collecting 34,948 kilograms of plastic and other waste to restore and protect India’s beaches. The large-scale effort spanned 66 coastal locations across the country, reflecting a strong collective commitment to coastal cleanliness and environmental conservation
DEFENCE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION
Some of the major achievements of DRDO in 2025 are as follows:
- The maiden flight test of Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket (LRGR 120) was successfully conducted at Integrated Test Range, Chandipur on December 29, 2025. The rocket was tested for its maximum range of 120 kms demonstrating all in-flight manoeuvres as planned. The LRGR impacted on the target with textbook precision. It was launched from the in-service Pinaka launcher demonstrating its versatility and providing launch capability of Pinaka variants of different range from the same launcher.
- DRDO successfully conducted salvo launch of two Pralay missiles in quick succession from the same launcher off the coast of Odisha at about 1030 hrs on December 31, 2025. The flight-test was conducted as part of user evaluation trials. Both the missiles followed the intended trajectory meeting all flight objectives as confirmed by tracking sensors deployed by the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur. The terminal events were confirmed by Telemetry systems installed onboard ship, deployed near the impact points.
- Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) successfully conducted test-launch of ASTRA, Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM) from LCA AF MK1 prototype fighter aircraft on March 12, 2025. The test-firing demonstrated the direct hit of the missile on flying target.
- DRDO and the Indian Navy conducted successful flight-test of indigenously-developed Vertically-Launched Short-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (VLSRSAM) on March 26, 2025. The flight-test was carried out from a land-based vertical launcher against a high-speed aerial target at very close range and low altitude. It has established the Near-Boundary-Low Altitude capability of the missile system.
- DRDO and the Indian Army conducted four successful flight-tests of the Army version of Medium-Range Surface-to-Air Missile on April 03 and 04, 2025 against high-speed aerial targets. The missiles intercepted the aerial targets and destroyed them, registering direct hits. The flight-tests were carried out with the weapon system in operational condition.
- Release Trials of Long-Range Glide Bomb (LRGB) ‘Gaurav’ between April 08-10, 2025 from the Su-30 MKI aircraft. The trials successfully demonstrated range close to 100 kms with pin-point accuracy. LRGB ‘Gaurav’ is a 1,000 kg class glide bomb indigenously designed and developed by DRDO.
- DRDO’s Hyderabad-based laboratory DRDL achieved a significant milestone in field of Hypersonic Weapon Technology by conducting long-duration Active Cooled Scramjet Subscale Combustor ground testing for more than 1,000 seconds at the newly built state-of-the-art Scramjet Connect Test Facility. Hypersonic Cruise Missile is a class of weapons that can travel more than five times the speed of sound (> 6100 Kmph) for long duration and is powered by Air breathing engine.
- DRDO successfully carried out maiden flight-trials of Stratospheric Airship Platform from Sheopur Trial site in Madhya Pradesh on May 03, 2025. Developed by Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment, Agra, the airship was launched carrying an instrumental payload to an altitude of around 17 kms.
- DRDO and the Indian Navy successfully undertook combat firing (with reduced explosive) of indigenously designed and developed Multi-Influence Ground Mine (MIGM). MIGM is designed to enhance the Indian Navy's capabilities against modern stealth ships and submarines.
- User trials of Extended Range Anti-Submarine Rocket (ERASR) were successfully carried out from INS Kavaratti. ERASR is a totally indigenous anti-submarine rocket used to combat submarine and fired from onboard IRL of Indian Naval Ships. It has twin-rocket motor configuration to meet a wide spectrum of range requirements with high accuracy and consistency.
- A significant milestone was achieved by successfully destroying two Aerial High Speed Unmanned targets at high-altitude in Ladakh by Akash Prime, the upgraded variant of Akash Weapon System for the Indian Army.
- DRDO successfully conducted the maiden flight-tests of Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS), a multi-layered air defence system comprising all indigenous Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missiles (QRSAM), Advanced Very Short Range Air Defence System (VSHORADS) missiles and a high-power laser-based Directed Energy Weapon (DEW).
- Successful launch of Intermediate Range Agni-Prime Missile from a Rail based Mobile launcher system, under a full operational scenario on 24th Sep 2025. The first-of-its-kind launch was carried out from a specially designed Rail based Mobile Launcher having the capability to move on Rail network without any pre-conditions. It provides for cross country mobility and has the capability to launch within a short reaction time with reduced visibility.
- DRDO conducted a successful flight-trial of India’s first long-range hypersonic missile on November 16, 2024. This hypersonic missile is designed to carry various payloads for ranges greater than 1,500 kms for the Armed Forces.
- DRDO has conducted a successful high-speed rocket-sled test of fighter aircraft escape system at controlled velocity on 02 Dec 2025. The test validated canopy severance, ejection sequencing and complete aircrew-recovery. This complex dynamic test places India in an elite club of nations with advanced in-house escape system testing capability.
2025 had been declared as Year of Reforms in Ministry of Defence. Some of the key reforms undertaken by DRDO are the following:
- For achieving ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’, A new version of simplified and industry friendly DRDO Procurement Manual 2025 (PM-2025) was released to encourage more participation of Indian industry, including start-ups and MSMEs in Defence R&D.
- DRDO has also undertaken a comprehensive review of its project management “Directives for Project Formulation & Management (DPFM)” based on external and internal committee recommendations. DPFM-2025 guidelines has been finalized and promulgated for use by Labs/Estt. in DRDO.
- DRDO Roadmap is a 10-year plan for Defence R&D focused on indigenous development of advanced technologies as well as strengthening Defence R&D capabilities. The roadmap encourages significant involvement of the private sector, with initiatives to fund private entities to develop specific technologies and integrate them into defence products. Also, DRDO has aligned its projects, technologies and capabilities with national goals for 2047, including Aatmanirbharta, Defence modernization and technological self-reliance.
- Revised DRDO Procedures for ToT 2025 have been formulated incorporating various forms, templates and step by step guide for transferring DRDO Developed Technology to industry for production promoting ease of doing business.
- SAMAR is a certification developed by the DRDO in collaboration with the Quality Council of India (QCI). It serves as a benchmark to evaluate and enhance the capabilities of Defence manufacturing enterprises. The SAMAR initiative aims to strengthen the Defence manufacturing ecosystem by encouraging innovation and ensuring adherence to high-quality standards for DRDO-developed systems.
- DRDO is coming up with a new policy to facilitate easier interaction with these emerging Start-ups. This policy aims to streamline the process of engaging with start-ups and leveraging their innovative ideas for defence applications.
- IT infrastructure and networks exists in DRDO viz. DRDO Rapid Online Network Access (DRONA) for secure Intranet across organisation and Central Internet Access Gateway (CIAG) for secure internet across organisation. To enhance operational efficiency and transparency, DRDO is implementing an ERP system across the organisation. This will enable digitalization of various processes, improve data management, and facilitate decision-making. The process has been initiated and contract has already been placed.
New Initiatives
- Skill development of industry manpower was carried out at DTTC, Lucknow and more than 500 personnel trained and 30 seminars and training sessions conducted.
- A new recruitment drive of scientist and technical cadre has been started and advertised.
- The POINTS programme for induction training of scientist ‘B’ has been extended for a duration of 2 years leading to an M. Tech Degree in Defence Technology at DIAT, Pune.
- More than 5,000 students have been trained at various DRDO Labs under Internship/Apprenticeship Scheme.
‘DRDO Policy for Transfer of Technology 2025’ and compendium of ‘DRDO Products for Export 2025’ approved by Raksha Mantri were released during Aero India 2025. The detailed procedure for implementing DRDO Policy for Transfer of Technology 2025 were also formulated and released. So far, around 2,200 Licensing Agreement for Transfer of Technology have been signed with Indian industries, including around 250 in the current year. DRDO has also instituted the Industry Interaction Groups (IIGs) with provision of open houses on first and third Wednesday of every month at all Laboratories to interact with scientist for support and resolve the issues (if any) faced by industries through open houses and unresolved issues/ concerns are taken up for open house with DRDO Hqrs on last Friday of the month. DRDO has also extended support to industry by offering more than 350 specialised test facilities and same are uploaded on Defence Test Portal on internet. DRDO has also signed number of MoUs with various agencies for developing Indian Defence Industry eco-system. Total DcPP for DRDO developed System is 145 and Production Agencies are 107.
DEPARTMENT OF EX-SERVICEMEN WELFARE
Major policy decisions, recent initiatives/achievements made during the year for the welfare of the ex-servicemen and their dependents are as follows:
- With effect from 01.11.2025, the benefits provided under the following welfare schemes funded out of the Armed Forces Flag Day Fund have been doubled. The Penury Grant has been doubled from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 8,000 per month, the Education Grant has been raised from Rs. 1,000 to Rs. 2,000 per month for up to two dependent children or widows pursuing postgraduate studies, and the Marriage Grant has been increased from Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 1,00,000 per beneficiary.
- An amount of Rs. 55.06 crores was disbursed to 16,380 beneficiaries during the FY 2024-25 under the Prime Minister Scholarship Scheme.
- The Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare organized a National Conclave for all Rajya and Zila Sainik Boards across India for the first time through the Kendriya Sainik Board on 29th & 30th September 2025 at Manekshaw Centre, Delhi Cantt on the theme of creating Viksit Bharat. Chief Secretaries of all States, Directors of Rajya Sainik Boards and all Zila Sainik Officers were invited to attend the two days conclave to discuss the way forward and to share innovative initiatives and best practices adopted by respective States/UTs. Raksha Mantri felicitated the ten most progressive Rajya Sainik Boards and exhorted all Sainik Boards to work together for the betterment and welfare of ex-servicemen.
- An amount of Rs 10,928 crores was allocated for the Ex-Servicemen Contributory Health Scheme (ECHS), a cashless health facility for ex-servicemen and other categories of ECHS beneficiaries during the FY 2024-25. This is the highest budgetary allocation so far for the ECHS. This allocation also helped clear the pending bills of empanelled hospitals and individual claims.
- To extend the geographical coverage of ECHS and to provide adequate medical facilities at high pressure ECHS polyclinics, establishment of 23 new ECHS Polyclinics and upgradation of 50 existing ECHS polyclinics was approved during the year 2024-25. A total of 1,357 additional contractual manpower was sanctioned. So far 12 new polyclinics have been made operational and the remaining 11 new polyclinics shall become functional during the year 2025-26.
- The Department, on 29 August 2025, extended the ECHS medical benefits to officer cadets who are medically discharged due to service related injuries during training. These boarded out officer cadets will now receive free OPD, IPD, and diagnostic services without paying the standard one-time ECHS subscription. The benefit is being granted as a one-time humanitarian measure, not as a precedent.
- The Government has launched a pilot project on 15.08.2025 for the home delivery of Not Available (NA) medicines through the Authorized Local Chemists (ALC) to the ECHS beneficiaries. The initiative aims to ensure timely availability of essential medicines at home while reducing the burden of repetitive visits to polyclinics by elderly and ailing veterans especially those who are staying alone. The Department of Posts and Common Service Centres are being utilized for home delivery of these medicine.
- The Government on 28.04.2025 has doubled Monthly Monetary ceiling limit across all categories of polyclinics for purchase of Not Available (NA) life saving medicines, emergency drugs from Authorised Local Chemists (ALC). The monthly monitory cap for Type A and Type B ECHS polyclinics has been doubled from Rs. 5 lakhs to Rs. 10 lakhs. Limit for Type C polyclinics has been raised from Rs. 3 lakhs to Rs. 6 lakhs. Limit for Type D polyclinics has been raised from Rs. 2 lakhs to Rs. 4 lakhs.
- To provide a facility for achieving better mental health and reducing dependency of medicines, the Department in the presence of Raksha Mantri on 21.04.2025 facilitated the signing of an MoU between the ECHS and the Headquarters Security Service Wing (SSW), Rajyoga Education and Research Foundation of Brahma Kumaris.
- The Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare signed an MoU with the Quality Council of India (QCI) on 26 August 2025 to improve welfare services for veterans and dependents. QCI will assist in policy evaluation, digital transformation, and impact assessments. The Department will ensure access to stakeholder data, including Sainik Boards and empanelled hospitals. The collaboration aims to improve outreach via digital tools, AI, and analytics. It supports better delivery of services for 63 lakhs ECHS beneficiaries across India.
- In order to increase the accessibility of healthcare services and empanel more number of Private Hospitals under ECHS, the ceiling on the number of hospitals to be empanelled has been removed. This measure along with online empanelment process will ensure greater transparency and ease of delivering the medical services.
- During 2024-25, a total of 67,316 ex-servicemen (ESM) have been given resettlement through Directorate General of Resettlement (DGR). Out of these, approximately 48,959 have been given employment in security agencies. A total of 13,715 ESMs were offered jobs through the Job fairs during the year. The aim is to facilitate re-employment of ESM in the corporate sector and provide jobs through schemes for self employment.
- A special incentive of a one-time grant of Rs. 2 lakhs, in addition to normal incentives (Rs. 5 lakhs @ 15% of monthly purchase) has been granted to ex-servicemen under Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Pariyojna (PMBJP) which aims at establishing nation-wide Generic Medicine pharmacies for providing cheaper medicines for the benefit of everyone. Ex-servicemen can avail the same vide ‘Eligibility Certificate’ issued by DGR for the purpose.
- DGR sponsored training courses on Drone Technology were introduced at IIT Ropar, IIT Guwahati, and NSTI Hyderabad in 2024-25 for 145 JCO/OR equivalent ESM. The scope is further being expanded to include more institutes in 2025-26, catering for 720 vacancies for ESM.
- An MoU was signed between DGR and Coal India Ltd (CIL) on 14.10.2025 for employment of Ex-Servicemen Coal Loading and Transportation companies in CIL subsidiaries. This scheme will provide resettlement and welfare avenues to ex-servicemen and widows/wards of Armed Forces Personal.
SPARSH: India’s Largest Digital Pension Platform
Ensuring ‘Right Pension to the Right Pensioner at the Right Time’, System for Pension Administration - Raksha (SPARSH), a flagship Digital India initiative, has emerged as the country’s first end-to-end digital pension platform. Administered by the Defence Accounts Department (DAD) through PCDA (Pensions), Prayagraj, SPARSH has onboarded 31.69 lakh defence pensioners across India and Nepal as of November 2025. It replaces a fragmented system managed earlier by over 45,000 agencies with a unified, transparent and accountable digital framework.
Major achievements include:
- 94.3% of legacy discrepant cases resolved: Out of 6.43 lakh discrepant cases migrated from previous systems, 6.07 lakh have been normalised without affecting pensioners’ entitlements.
- Extensive Outreach for Elderly & Non-Tech Savvy Pensioners: 284 SPARSH Outreach Programmes and 194 Raksha Pension Samadhan Ayojans have been held across the country. More than 8,000 grievances were resolved on the spot during these programmes conducted in the current Financial Year.
- Enhanced Transparency & Grievance Resolution: Pensioners can now view complete pension details online and easily raise corrections. Average grievance redressal time has come down from 56 days in April 2025 to 17 days in November 2025 and as per the latest Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances report, DAD has achieved a 73% satisfaction score, ranking 5th among Ministries/Departments.
- DLC 4.0 Campaign: Under the nationwide Digital Life Certificate (DLC) 4.0 campaign of DoP&PW (November 1-30, 2025), DAD has mobilised 202 offices, 4.63 lakh Common Service Centres, and 14 partner banks, supported by 27 Nodal Officers. As of November 30, 2025, 20.94 lakh DLCs have been generated for Defence Pensioners -highest among all Departments.
- Disbursements: In FY 2024–25, a Defence Pension Budget of Rs 1,57,681 crore was disbursed on a real-time basis through SPARSH. OROP-III, implemented in July 2024, enabled the quick disbursal of Rs 1,224.76 crore to 20.17 lakh beneficiaries in just 15 days.
BORDER ROADS ORGANISATION
Building infrastructure in the border areas has been the focus of the Government as it enhances defence preparedness through military mobility and smooth transportation of logistics, while ensuring socio-economic progress of the remote areas through increased tourism & employment opportunities. This year, Raksha Mantri has launched a total of 175 infrastructure projects of Border Roads Organisation (BRO) across a number of States/Union Territories.
- On December 07, 2025, Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh dedicated to the nation 125 projects - the most to have ever been inaugurated simultaneously - from Ladakh. Spread across 02 Union Territories - Ladakh and Jammu & Kashmir - and 07 States - Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, West Bengal & Mizoram, these projects - 28 Roads, 93 Bridges and 04 Miscellaneous - have been completed at a cost of approx. Rs 5,000 crore, the highest-value inaugurations in the BRO’s history. Among the projects is the Shyok Tunnel on Darbuk-Shyok-Daulat Beg Oldie Road, which will ensure all-weather, reliable connectivity to this strategic area.
- During an event organised in New Delhi to commemorate 66th Raising Day of BRO on May 07, 2025, Raksha Mantri virtually dedicated to the nation 50 projects – 30 bridges, 17 roads and three other works. These projects, constructed at a total cost of Rs 1,879 crore, are spread across six border States and two Union Territories – Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Mizoram, West Bengal & Rajasthan - reinforcing India’s security, connectivity and development in remote regions.
- In the last two years, a total of 356 BRO infrastructure projects have been dedicated to the nation, marking a benchmark achievement in the field of strategic infrastructure development.
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