The population, which accounts for world's 17.5 per cent population, comprises 623.7 million males and 586.5 million females, said a provisional 2011 Census report. China is the most populous nation accounting for 19.4 per cent of the global population.
The country's headcount is almost equal to the combined population of the United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan put together, it said.The population has increased by more than 181 million during the decade 2001-2011, the report said.
The growth rate in 2011 is 17.64 per cent in comparison to 21.15 per cent in 2001.The 2001-2011 period is the first decade - with exception of 1911-1921 - which has actually added lesser population compared to the previous decade, Registrar General of India and Census Commissioner of India C Chandramauli said in presence of Home Secretary Gopal K Pillai.Among the states and Union territories, Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state with 199 million people and Lakshadweep the least populated at 64,429.
The combined population of UP and Maharashtra is bigger than that of the US.The highest population density is in Delhi's north-east district (37,346 per sq km) while the lowest is in Dibang Valley in Arunachal Pradesh (just one per sq km).The Census indicated a continuing preference for male children over female children. The latest child sex ratio in is 914 female against 1,000 male - the lowest since Independence."This is a matter of grave concern," Chandramauli said.According to the data, literates constitute 74 per cent of the total population aged seven and above and illiterates form 26 per cent.
The literacy rate has gone up from 64.83 per cent in 2001 to 74.04 per cent in 2011 showing an increase of 9.21 per cent.Interestingly, the addition of 181 million population during 2001-2011 is slightly lower than the total population of Brazil, the fifth most populous country in the world.While China has 19.4 per cent of the world's total population, India has 17.5 per cent of the world population.However, the percentage decadal growth during 2001-2011 has registered the sharpest decline since independence - a decrease of 3.90 percentage points from 21.54 to 17.64 per cent.Apart from UP, other most populous states are - Maharashtra (112.3 million), Bihar (103.8 million), West Bengal (91.3 million) and Andhra Pradesh (84.6 million).Besides Lakshadweep, smallest UTs and states are - Daman and Diu (2,42,911), Dadra and Nagar Haveli (3,42,853), Andaman and Nicobar Islands (7,79,944) and Sikkim (6,07,688).
The percentage decadal growth rates of the six most populous states have declined during 2001-2011 compared to 1991-2001. Uttar Pradesh (25.85 per cent to 20.09 per cent), Maharashtra (22.73 per cent to 15.99 per cent), Bihar (28.62 per cent to 25.07 per cent), West Bengal (17.77 per cent to 13.93 per cent), Andhra Pradesh (14.59 per cent to 11.10 per cent and Madhya Pradesh (24.26 per cent to 20.23 per cent)."For the first time, there is a significant fall in the growth rate of population in the Empowered Action Group states after decades of stagnation," Chandramouli said.
The EAG states are: UP, Bihar, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh and Orissa.
FIGURES AT A GLANCE - INDIA | |||
| POPULATION | Persons | 1,21,01,93,422 | |
| Males | 62,37,24,248 | ||
| Females | 58,64,69,174 | ||
| DECADAL POPULATION GROWTH 2001-2011 | Absolute | Percentage | |
| Persons | 18,14,55,986 | 17.64 | |
| Males | 9,15,01,158 | 17.19 | |
| Females | 8,99,54,828 | 18.12 | |
DENSITY OF POPULATION | 382 | ||
| SEX RATIO (females per 1000 males) | 940 | ||
| POPULATION IN THE AGE GROUP 0-6 | Absolute | Percentage to total population | |
| Persons | 15,87,89,287 | 13.12 | |
| Males | 8,29,52,135 | 13.30 | |
| Females | 7,58,37,152 | 12.93 | |
| LITERATES | Absolute | Literacy rate | |
| Persons | 77,84,54,120 | 74.04 | |
| Males | 44,42,03,762 | 82.14 | |
| Females | 33,42,50,358 | 65.46 | |
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