2025 Year End Review for Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade

 Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Schemes

• Keeping in view India’s vision of becoming ‘Aatmanirbhar’ and to enhance India’s manufacturing capabilities and exports, Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes have been launched for 14 key sectors with an outlay of Rs. 1.97 lakh crore.
• Actual investment of over Rs. 1.88 lakh crore have been realized till June 2025 across 14 sectors, which has resulted in incremental production/sales of over Rs. 17 lakh crore and employment generation of over 12.3 lakhs (direct and indirect).
• PLI Schemes have witnessed exports exceeding Rs.7.5 lakh crore with significant contributions from sectors such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, telecom & networking products and food processing.

Startup India initiative

• Launched by the Government in 2016, Startup India initiative has laid a robust foundation for sustained growth of the startup ecosystem in the country. As on date, a total of 2,01,335 startups has been recognized by DPIIT, and these start-ups have created 21 lakh plus jobs across the country.
• In the spirit of Nari Shakti, there has been a significant contribution of women entrepreneurs in the transformation of the Indian startup landscape. More than 48% of the recognised startups in India have at least one-woman director.

Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC)

•  ONDC aims at democratising e-commerce in India and is expected to make digital commerce inclusive and accessible for all, unlock innovation for all players in the e-commerce ecosystem and bring out potential benefits for all stakeholders in the e-commerce value chain.
• ONDC has processed a cumulative of 326 million+ orders as of October 2025. Further, in the month of October 2025, 18.2 million orders have been processed and average daily transactions has reached approximately 5,90,000+.

One District One Product (ODOP)

• Initiative aims to foster balanced regional development across all districts of the country by selecting, branding, and promoting One Product from each District (One District – One Product) of the country. Over 1240+ products have been identified across 775 districts.
• PM Ekta Malls provides capital assistance to States for the creation of Unity malls in all Indian States to promote ODOP products. Of the 27 States whose DPR for PM Ekta Mall has been approved, 25 States have issued work orders and construction has started in majorty of States.

Ease of Doing Business

• To promote Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) across the country, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) is spearheading several key reform initiatives, including the Business Reform Action Plan (BRAP), the B-Ready Assessment, the Jan Vishwas Act, and the Reducing Compliance Burden (RCB) framework.
• Till date, seven editions of BRAP (2015, 2016, 2017–18, 2019, 2020, 2022, and 2024) have been successfully implemented, and States/ UTs have been assessed accordingly. The results of the seventh edition (BRAP 2024) have already been released. The eighth edition, BRAP 2026, has been formally rolled out on 11 November 2025.
• Further, to strengthen State Single Window Systems and to enhance transparency, efficiency, and user experience, a comprehensive review was undertaken. Pursuant to this, a detailed guidebook was issued outlining eight essential and five desirable features. This initiative represents a significant step towards creating a more responsive and investor-friendly business environment across the States.
• In line with the deliberations held during the National Conference of Chief Secretaries last year, the District Business Reform Action Plan (D-BRAP) has also been launched. This transformative initiative enables States to cascade business reforms to the district level, ensuring timely and efficient approvals and services across industrial clusters and local enterprise ecosystems.
• As part of the Reducing Compliance Burden exercise and based on data uploaded on the Regulatory Compliance Portal, Central Ministries/ Departments and States/ UTs undertook extensive self-identification of burdensome compliances. As a result, more than 47,000 compliances have been reduced as of (till November 2025). Of these, 16,108 compliances have been simplified, 22,287 have been digitized, 4,458 have been decriminalized, and 4,270 redundant compliances have been removed.
• The Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023, enacted last year, decriminalized 183 provisions across 42 Acts. Furthering these efforts, the Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2025, comprising 355 provisions, of which 288 are proposed for decriminalization to promote EoDB and 67 for amendment to enhance Ease of Living, was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 18 August 2025. The Bill, approved earlier by the Union Cabinet, has been referred by the Hon’ble Speaker to the Select Committee, which will present its report by the first day of the next Session.
• Additionally, under the broader EoDB reform agenda, the Government is progressing towards implementation of centralized KYC and a structured Regulatory Impact Assessment framework, thereby providing further impetus to foreign direct investment and domestic manufacturing.
• National Single Window System: In November 2025 (till 20th Nov'2025), 11,568 approvals have been granted via the National Single Window System (NSWS) out of a total of 26,504 applications received. Cumulatively, till 20th November 2025, 1175435 approvals have been applied through NSWS and 829750 approvals have been granted.

Logistics:

PM Gatishakti National Master Plan (NMP)

• Launched in October 2021, PM GatiShakti (PMGS) is a National Master Plan (NMP) for multi-modal connectivity. It integrates infrastructure planning across multiple ministries (roads, railways, ports, aviation, inland waterways, energy, etc.) to reduce silos and avoid duplication.
• 57 Ministries/Departments have been onboarded on the PMGS. Data layers of these Ministries/Departments have been integrated on the NMP. Ministries/Departments have initiated the usage of the NMP for planning of the infrastructure in their respective sectors. 1700 data layers (731 Ministry data layers & 969 State data layers) of Central Ministries and States/UTs have been uploaded on the GIS-data based PMGS NMP portal.
• PM GatiShakti NMP platform is now open to the private sector. A Query-Based Analytics Mechanism using the National Geospatial Data Registry (NGDR) as an intermediary platform, with a Unified Geospatial Interface (UGI), has been developed by BISAG-N for private users which will aid infrastructure developers, consultants, project planners and academia/researchers with actionable insights.
• PM GatiShakti District Master Plan launched in 28 Aspirational Districts covering 26 States is now being extended to all 112 Aspirational Districts. This portal will support districts through Geo-spatial technology-based tools for preparation of Master Plan as well as planning of economic and social infrastructure projects.

National Logistics Policy (NLP)

• NLP launched on 17th September 2022, to drive economic growth and business competitiveness of the country through cost-effective logistics network.
• To address sector-specific needs in the logistics sector and streamline the movement of bulk and break-bulk cargo in the country, Sectoral Plans for Efficient Logistics (SPEL) are being developed by user Ministries. Sectoral Plans for Coal sector has been notified. SPEL for cement sector has been approved and SPEL for steel, pharma, fertilizer, food processing and food & public distribution is under advanced stage.
• To bring a holistic focus on ‘logistics’ in public policy at the State level, States/UTs are developing State Logistics Plans (SLPs) aligned with NLP. So far, 27 States/ UTs have notified their respective State Logistics policies.

Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP)

• The Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP), developed under the National Logistics Policy, is a digital integration layer that breaks ministerial data silos and facilitates seamless data exchange among stakeholders across the logistics ecosystem.
• Currently, ULIP has been integrated with 44 systems of 11 ministries via 136 APIs covering 2000+ data fields. More than 1700 companies registered on the ULIP portal, i.e., www.goulip.in. Additionally, 200+ applications have been developed by these companies, leading to more than 200 crore API transactions by industry players. Over 20 States' public distribution systems are leveraging ULIP APIs to streamline crop movement

Logistic Data Bank (LDB)

• Logistics Data Bank (LDB) system is a single window logistics visualization solution which provides 100% EXIM container movement across India tracking using only shipping container numbers. Currently, LDB covers 18 Ports (31 Terminals), 5800 railway stations through Freight Operations Information System (FOIS).

National Industrial Corridor Development Programme

•  NICDC is a flagship initiative aimed at developing futuristic industrial cities across India to compete with global manufacturing and investment destinations. It will create employment opportunities and economic growth leading to overall socio-economic development. It focuses on providing multimodal connectivity, resilient infrastructure, and sustainable development aligned with "plug-and-play" facilities. As of now, under the National Industrial Corridor Development Programme (NICDP), the Government of India has approved 20 projects spanning 13 states and 7 industrial corridors.
  • The foundation stone of the Krishnapatnam Industrial Area (KRIS City) in Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh, was laid by the Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on 08 January 2025.
  • The Hon’ble Prime Minister also laid the foundation stone for the Kopparthy Industrial Area and the Orvakal Industrial Area on 16 October 2025, accelerating industrial infrastructure development under NICDP.
  • A total of 430 plots (4,552 acres) has been allotted till October, 2025 in the four completed greenfield industrial node projects (Dholera, Shendra Bidkin, Greater Noida, Vikram Udyogpuri).

Industrial Performance

• Industrial production as measured by Index of Industrial Production (IIP) expanded by 3.0% during April-September 2025-26 over the corresponding period last year on the back of broad-based growth.

Trends in Growth of Eight Core Industries

• The Index of Eight Core Industries (ICI) measures the performance of eight core industries, i.e., Cement, Coal, Crude Oil, Electricity, Fertilizers, Natural Gas, Petroleum Refinery Products, and Steel. The Eight Core Industries comprise 40.27 per cent of the weight of items included in the Index of Industrial Production (IIP).
• The cumulative growth rate of the Index of Eight Core Industries during April-October, 2025-26 is 2.5% as compared to the corresponding period of last year.

IPR Strengthening

• India has emerged as a global leader in intellectual property (IP), ranking in the top 10 for patents, trademarks, and industrial designs.

• Among the top 20 origins, patent applications filed by Indian innovators recorded highest growth of 19.1% in 2024, marking the sixth consecutive year of double-digit growth driven by a significant increase in resident filings. In the last decade, domestic patent filings by Indian innovators increased by 425% (12,040 in 2014 to 63,217 in 2024), whereas foreign filings by them increased by 27% (10,405 in 2014 to 13,188 in 2024).
• India recorded 4th highest Trade mark filing globally, with more than 5.5 lakh Trade Mark applications in 2024, reflecting a rapidly expanding business and brand ecosystem. Over the last decade, trademark filings by Indian residents abroad increased by 125% (9,028 in 2014 to 20,303 in 2024), reflecting India’s expanding international brand footprint.
• With more than 40k design filing in 2024, India recorded highest growth of 43.2% among to 20 IP offices, climbing at 7th position in 2024 from 11th in 2023. Design filings by Indian innovators abroad increased by 600% over the past decade (368 in 2014 to 2,976 in 2024).

• More than 2.5 million students reached out in last three and half years through various awareness initiatives including National Intellectual Property Awareness Mission launched in December, 2021, which led to 90% increase in patent filings from Indian educational institutes, from 19,155 in 2022-23 to 36,525 in 2024-25.
• Embracing digital technology in IP administration and management, launched IP diagnostic tool in regional languages for self-assessment, Open-house portal for grievance redressal, IP Saarthi Chatbot for assistance and guidance, AI-ML based search tool for Trademarks, etc. has made the system more transparent and accountable.
• India’s rank in the Global Innovation Index (GII) has improved from 81st in 2015 to 38th in GII 2025 ranking amongst 139 economies. The GII report 2025 recognized India as one of the longest- standing over performers, performing above expectation for their level of development for the 15th consecutive year

Project Monitoring Group (PMG)

• The Project Monitoring Group (PMG) is an institutional mechanism for milestone-based monitoring of large-scale infrastructure projects and for expeditious resolution of issues and regulatory bottlenecks in projects with investments above of Rs.500 crores. PMG under Department of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce serves as a one-stop facilitation destination for public and private investors alike at all stages of project implementation. Prime Minister’s Office appointed PMG as an official Secretariat to Monitoring Group in August 2021.
• PMG supports all mid and large sized Public, Private and ‘Public–Private Partnership’ (PPP) Projects with fast-tracking of approvals, sectoral policy issues and removal of bottlenecks for expediting project commissioning.
• In 2025, PMG was upgraded to a structured 5-tier escalation mechanism to ensure issues are addressed at the appropriate level, beginning with the respective Ministry for regular issues and escalating up to PRAGATI for complex issues. This approach streamlines the review mechanism, prevents duplication, and enables higher authorities to focus on critical issues that require their intervention.
• Total 3,022 projects worth Rs. 76.4 lakh crores have been onboarded on PMG portal till 11th November 2025.
• Since inception, a total of 8,121 issues in 1,761 projects worth Rs. 55.48 Lakh crores have been resolved. In 2025, from 01.01.2025 to 11.11.205, 403 issues across250 projects worth Rs. 11.04 Lakh crores have been resolved.

Foreign Direct Investment

• India has achieved a remarkable milestone in its economic journey, with gross foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow reaching an impressive USD 1.1 trillion since April 2000 to June, 2025. India’s total annual FDI inflow has more than doubled from USD 36.05 billion in FY 2013-14 to USD 80.62 billion in FY 2024-25. During 2025-26 (up-to June, 25), India has recorded provisional FDI inflows of USD 26.61 billion up by 17% from last year.
• Over the last 11 financial years (2014–25), India attracted USD 748.38 billion in FDI—an increase of 143% compared to the USD 308.38 billion received in the previous 11 years (2003–14). Almost 70% of the total FDI inflows were during 2014-25 over the past 25 years (2000-25: USD 1,071.96 billion). These figures underscore India’s emergence as one of the most attractive investment destinations globally.

APPSC GROUP-2 MAINS PAPER-2 KEY (EXAM HELD ON: 23-02-2025)

APPSC GROUP-2 MAINS PAPER-1 KEY (EXAM HELD ON: 23-02-2025)

India Economic Survey 2024

SWARNA ANDHRA @ 2047 - Vision Plan

TGPSC Group-2 Exam Solved Question Paper -2 (Exam Held on: 15-12-2024)

TGPSC Group-2 Exam Solved Question Paper -1 (Exam Held on: 15-12-2024)

Odisha Civil Services Exam General Studies Paper-1 Prelims Exam Solved Paper (Exam Held on 15-12-2024)

AP Socio Economic Survey 2023-24

TGPSC GROUP-1 QUESTION PAPER WITH KEY (EXAM HELD ON 09-05-2024)

APPSC Deputy Educational Officer in A.P Educational Services General Studies and Mental Ability Key (Exam Held on: 25-05-2024)

JPSC Prelims Exam General Studies Paer-2 Solved Paper (Exam Held on: 17-03-2024)

APPSC Group-1 Preliminary Exam Paper-II Key (Exam Held on: 17-03-2024)

APPSC Group-1 Preliminary Exam Paper-I Key (Exam Held on: 17-03-2024)

JPSC Prelims Exam General Studies Solved Paper (Exam Held on: 17-03-2024)

 

General Studies 10000+ MCQs

Objective Geography

 

List of Tiger Reserves

 

TIGER RESERVE		DESCRIPTION
1.	BANDIPUR TIGER RESERVE KARNATAKA	Located in Mysore and Chamarajanagar districts of southern Karnataka. Ecological confluence of Western and Eastern Ghats. Part of Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve.
2.	CORBETT TIGER RESERVE (UTTARAKHAND) & AMANGARH BUFFER (UTTAR PRADESH)	Located on foothills of Himalayas in Uttarakhand in three districts of Pauri, Nainital & Almora. The reserve spreads over Bhabar and lower Shivalik region with a deep-water table. Rivers Ramganga, Pallaen and Sonanadi flow through it.
3.	KANHA TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Located in Maikala range of Satpura Mountains falling in Mandla and Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh. Fauna: Critical as last habitat for highly endangered hard ground Barasingha and saving it from extinction.
4.	MANAS TIGER RESERVE ASSAM	Tiger reserve with largest buffer area among tiger reserves in India.Spreads across districts of Kokrajhar, Chirang, Buxa and Udalguri in North-West Assam. Separated by River Manas from the Royal Manas National Park (Bhutan) in its North. Separated by River Sankosh from the Buxa Tiger Reserve. Evolutionarily, it is entry point of tigers into India.
5.	MELGHAT TIGER RESERVE MAHARASHTRA	Marked with large tracts of hills and ravines in Satpura range. Flora: Characterized by Dry Deciduous Forest with Teak being the dominant species.
6.	PALAMAU TIGER RESERVE JHARKHAND	Located in western part of Chhota Nagpur plateau and spread over two districts of Latehar and Garhwa. Only tiger reserve in the Jharkhand. Forms part of Central Indian Tiger Landscape Complex and its habitat contiguity extends to Sanjay Dhubri Tiger Reserve through Guru Ghasidas National Park, all the way to Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve. Three rivers i.e., North Koel, Auranga and Burha flow through it. The area is drought prone with Burha being the only perennial river.
7.	RANTHAMBORE TIGER RESERVE RAJASTHAN	Located at the junction of (Great Boundary Fault) of Aravalli and Vindhyan range. Banas River bounds the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve in the North while Chambal River forms the southern boundary of it.
8.	SIMLIPAL TIGER RESERVE ODISHA	Located in Mayurbhanj District in northernmost part of Odisha. Derives its name from red silk cotton trees growing in the area. Tribal groups such as Khadia, Mankidia and Lodhas live in around the Simlipal Tiger Reserve. Only home to unique melanistic tiger (Black and Yellow stripes). This is due to a rare genetic phenomenon known as pseudo-melanism, which is characterised by excessive pigmentation of dark colour in the skin of an animal.
9.	SUNDARBAN TIGER RESERVE WEST BENGAL	Sundarbans are the largest deltaic region of the world. The region is named after mangrove tree species ‘Sundari. Fauna: Tiger, Fishing Cat, Estuarine Crocodile, Gangetic and Irrawaddy Dolphins. Harbours significant population of River Terrapin (Batagur baska). Sundarbans are known as Kingfisher’s paradise with 10 species out of 12 kingfishers found in India.
10.	PERIYAR TIGER RESERVE KERALA	PTR along with adjoining protected areas form largest tiger conservation landscape in southernmost western ghats, extending over 4000 sq km in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.Spreads across districts of Idukki, Pathanamthitta and Kottayam in Kerala.Two major rivers namely Periyar and Pamba drain the area.Tiger reserve with smallest buffer area among tiger reserves in India.
11.	SARISKA TIGER RESERVE RAJASTHAN	Has unique distinction of succesfully reintroducing tiger after its local extinction.There is no perennial river or water stream. Characterised by Dry Deciduous Forests and Tropical Thorn Forest. Anogeissus pendula (also known as Dhok tree or Button tree) is the dominant tree species in the region.
12.	BUXA TIGER RESERVE WEST BENGAL	Located in Alipurduar of Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal.
13.	INDRAVATI TIGER RESERVE CHHATTISGARH	Located in Bijapur district of Chhattisgarh. Indravati River forms the boundary of this reserve on the northern and western side. (Indravati is a tributary of Godavari River).Has a small population of Wild Water Buffalos (State Animal of Chhattisgarh, IUCN Status: Endangered), Tiger, Leopard etc.
14.	NAMDAPHA TIGER RESERVE ARUNACHAL PRADESH	Large, protected area in Arunachal Pradesh near international border with Myanmar. It is a biodiversity hotspot in Eastern Himalayas. It is located on Dapha bum range of Mishmi hills and Patkai range. The Noa Dihing River crosses it from east to west. Harbors northernmost lowland evergreen rainforests in the world. Namdapha flying squirrel (Critically endangered and endemic to this place)
15.	NAGARJUNASAGAR TIGER RESERVE ANDHRA PRADESH	Largest core area and largest overall area among all tiger reserves in India. Located in Nallamalla range, an extension of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh spread over three districts of Kurnool, Prakasham & Guntur. Located on southern bank of Krishna River.
16.	DUDHWA TIGER RESERVE UTTAR PRADESH	Located on India-Nepal border. Part of Shivalik hills and Gangetic Plains tiger landscape complex in Uttar Pradesh.Comprises of three protected areas: Dudhwa National Park, Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary & Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary. Provides habitat for unique species including endangered Rhinoceros (succesfully reintroduced), Bengal Florican (Critically Endangered) & Hispid Hare (Critically Endangered).
17.	KALAKAD MUNDANTHURAI TAMIL NADU	Located in southern Western Ghats and forms part of Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve. Major river: Gadananathi river
18.	VALMIKI TIGER RESERVE BIHAR	Located in Bihar in northern part of West Champaran district along the border of India & Nepal.Located in Terai region of Himalayas is connected to Chitwan National Park in Nepal.Only Tiger Reserve in Bihar. Sets an excellent example of Shivalik Hills and Gangetic Plains landscape with a mosaic of dense forests, open woodlands, swamps and grasslands.
19.	PENCH TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Located on southern slopes of Satpura range in Madhya Pradesh. Pench River flows through the park from north to south and splits the park into two. Meghdoot dam on Pench River is located on the boundary of this Tiger Reserve.
20.	TADOBA ANDHERI MAHARASHTRA	Located in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra in the Vidarbha region. The Andhari River passes through this reserve.
21.	BANDHAVGARH TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Located between Vindhya and Satpura ranges in Madhya Pradesh. The park has remnants of archaeological monuments dating to Kalachuri dynasty.
22.	PANNA TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Named after the city of diamonds, Panna in the Bundelkhand region in Madhya Pradesh.Spreads across Panna, Chhatarpur and Damoh districts of Madhya Pradesh. Located in Vindhyan Range.Forms northernmost tip of natural teak forests. Ken River flows through the tiger reserve.
23.	DAMPA TIGER RESERVE MIZORAM	Located in western edge of Mizoram. It is bound by Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh. Drained by River Khawthlangtuipui in the West and the Teirei River to the East.
24.	BHADRA TIGER RESERVE KARNATAKA	Located in Western Ghats of Karnataka. The habitat is drained by Bhadra River and its tributaries.Moist & Dry Deciduous forests and Shola grasslands.
25.	PENCH-EXTENSION MAHARASHTRA	Extension of Pench Tiger Reserve in Maharashtra.
26.	PAKKE TIGER RESERVE ARUNACHAL PRADESH	Located in the foothills of Eastern Himalayas in East Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh.Forms a transition zone between Indian and Malayan ecoregions and high endemicity.Pakke River forms the boundary in the East while Kameng River forms the boundary in the West.Pakke along with Nameri Tiger Reserve forms one of the largest blocks of semi-evergreen & evergreen forests in North-East.Key habitat for Clouded Leopard
27.	NAMERI TIGER RESERVE ASSAM	Located in northern part of Sonitpur district of Assam along the foothills of Arunachal Pradesh. This habitat is rich in biodiversity and is famous for white winged wood duck. It is bound by Jia Bhoreli River in the West and Bor-Dikorai River in the East.
28.	SATPURA TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Prime example of Central Indian Highlands ecosystem. Pachmarhi is located inside it. Located south of Narmada River.
29.	ANAMALAI TIGER RESERVE TAMIL NADU	Largest tiger reserve of Tamil Nadu. Situated at the heart of Anamalai Range (Also known as Elephant hills).
30.	UDANTI SITANADI TIGER RESERVE CHHATTISGARH	Named after Sitanadi River which originates here and joins Mahanadi River.
31.	SATKOSIA TIGER RESERVE ODISHA	Spread over four districts of Angul, Cuttack, Boudh and Nayagarh in the heartland of Odisha. The Mahanadi passes through this tiger reserve and forms a large gorge here, hence also known as Gorge Sanctuary.
32.	KAZIRANGA TIGER RESERVE ASSAM	Located on the southern bank of Brahmaputra River in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of Assam.World famous habitat for one-horned rhinoceros. The river Diffalu, a tributary of the Brahmaputra, flows through the National Park area (core/critical tiger habitat), while another tributary Moradifalu flows along its southern boundary.
33.	ACHANAKMAR TIGER RESERVE CHHATTISGARH	Located in the Maikala range in Chhattisgarh. It is located close to Amarkantak, the source of Son and Narmada River.
34.	KALI TIGER RESERVE KARNATAKA	Located in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka in Western Ghats. It was formerly known as Dandeli Anshi National Park. Kali River flows through it.
35.	SANJAY DHUBRI TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Located in Sidhi and Shahdol districts of Madhya Pradesh on the borders of Chhattisgarh (Close of Guru Ghasidas National Park in Chhattisgarh).Various perennial rivers like Gopad, World famous white tigers “MOHAN” was found and rescued from the forest of this landscape by Maharaja of Rewa in 1951.
36.	MUDUMALAI TIGER RESERVE TAMIL NADU	Located in North-eastern and North-western slopes of Nilgiris at the tri-junction of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Moyar River passes through it. Documentary Movie ‘Elephant Whisperers’ was shot in this Tiger Reserve. Kattunayakan Tribe (PVTG) lives in this tiger reserve.
37.	NAGARHOLE KARNATAKA	Located in districts of Mysuru and Kodagu district of Karnataka. The reserve named after a small river ‘Nagarhole’ (a snake stream in Kannada), which meanders through it, before joining Kabini River.
38.	PARAMBIKULAM KERALA	Located in Anamalai landscape of Western Ghats in Palakkad and Thrissur districts of Kerala. The park has montane and marshy grasslands locally known as ‘Vayals’ and Evergreen, Deciduous and Shola forests.
39.	SAHYADRI MAHARASHTRA	Located in Sahyadri range of Western Ghats in Maharashtra. These ranges from a common boundary between Maharashtra, Karnataka & Goa.First tiger reserve of Western Maharashtra and spreads across two protected areas of Koyna sanctuary and Chandoli National Park.
40.	BILIGIRI RANGANATHA TEMPLE KARNATAKA	Located in Chamarajanagar district of Karnataka. Acts as a bio-geographical bridge between Western & Eastern Ghats in South India.Derives its name from ‘Bilgiri’, the rocky white rocky cliff which has a temple of Lord Vishnu locally known as Rangaswamy.
41.	KAWAL TIGER RESERVE TELANGANA	Located on the banks of Godavari River and forms part of Deccan peninsula – Central Highlands.Located on the southernmost tip of Central Indian Tiger Landscape, has linkages with Tadoba-Andhari (Maharashtra) and Indravati (Chhattisgarh) tiger reserves.
42.	SATHYAMANGALAM TIGER RESERVE TAMIL NADU	Located as a transition zone between Western and Eastern Ghats in Erode District of Tamil Nadu. It contiguous with other tiger conservation landscapes like BRT, Bandipur, Mudumalai and Nagarhole.
43.	MUKUNDARA TIGER RESERVE RAJASTHAN	Named after two continuous flat topped, almost parallel hills with narrow central ridges forming part of Vindhyas extending from Chambal to Kali Sindh River.
44.	NAWEGAON NAGZIRA TIGER RESERVE MAHARASHTRA	Located in Gondia and Shandara districts of Maharashtra in Vidarbha region.
45.	AMRABAD TIGER RESERVE TELANGANA	Located on the Nallamalla hills (part of Eastern Ghats) along Krishna River. Sri Sailam dam on Krishna River is located inside the Tiger Reserve. Mouse Deer (Indian spotted Chevrotain) which were locally extinct is being re-introduced in this protected area.
46.	PILIBHIT TIGER RESERVE UTTAR PRADESH	Located in Pilibhit district of Uttar Pradesh on the international border with Nepal. River Gomti originates from this reserve. The park also forms catchment of Sharda, Chuka and Mala Khannot rivers. Sharda Sagar dam forms the boundary of the reserve. Connected to Dudhwa Tiger Reserve through Kishanpur (UP), Shuklaphanta (Nepal) and Nandaur Sanctuary in Uttarakhand. Fauna: Critically endangered Bengal florican and hispid hare.
47.	BOR TIGER RESERVE MAHARASHTRA	Located in Wardha District of Maharashtra. Located adjacent to Pench Tiger Reserve.
48.	RAJAJI TIGER RESERVE UTTARAKHAND	Located in Haridwar, Dehradun and Pauri Garhwal districts of Uttarakhand. The tiger reserve is named after C. Rajagopalachari.
49.	ORANG TIGER RESERVE ASSAM	Smallest core area and smallest overall area among all tiger reserves in India. This Tiger Reserve is located on the northern bank of Brahmaputra River in Darrang and Sonitpur districts of Assam. Home to Indian rhinoceros, Pygmy Hog (Critically Endangered), Elephant, Wild Water Buffalo, Bengal Tigers. (Only stronghold of rhinoceros on North Bank of Brahmaputra). Bengal Florican (Critically endangered) is one of the flagship birds found in the park.
50.	KAMLANG ARUNACHAL PRADESH	Located in Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh. The Kamlang River passes through this sanctuary, after which this tiger reserve named. It is located on the north of Namdapha National Park. Local inhabitants of the region are Hishmi, Digaru & Mizo. They claim themselves as descendent of King Rukmo of Mahabharat. Home to Four big cats (Tiger, Leopard, Clouded Leopard & Snow Leopard), Hoolock Gibbon, Slow Loris, Leopard Cat, Himalayan Palm Civets
51.	SRIVILLIPUTHUR MEGAMALAI TAMIL NADU	This tiger reserve was created by combining two wildlife sanctuaries Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary and Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary. This tiger reserve is located close to Periyar Tiger Reserve. Vaigai River originates from this Tiger Reserve and flows to Palk Strait. Meghamalai (also known as High Wavy Mountains) is a mountain range located in Western Ghats in Theni district of Tamil Nadu.
52.	RAMGARH VISHDHARI RAJASTHAN	Lies in the southeastern part of Rajasthan.Plays an important role in connecting Ranthambore and Mukundra Tiger Reserves of Rajasthan. Mez River, a tributary of Chambal River, passes through the tiger reserve.
53.	RANIPUR UTTAR PRADESH	Latest Tiger Reserve to be notified. Located in the Chitrakoot district of Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh. This Tiger Reserve has been notified to accommodate sinking of a part of Panna Tiger Reserve due to the Ken-Betwa Linkage.

Indian Rebellion of 1857

 

APPSC GROUP-II PRELIMINARY EXAM INITIAL KEY (EXAM HELD ON: 25-02-2024)

 

UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist (Preliminary) Examination 2023 General Studies Paper with Key

Assam PSC Junior Manager General Studies Paper (Exam Held on 03-12-2023)

 

Assam PSC CDO Exam General Studies Paper (Exam Held on 07-01-2024)

Kilkari Programme

Ministers of State for Health recently launched ‘Kilkari’ programme, a mobile health initiative for beneficiaries, in local content, in Gujarat and Maharashtra as part of Digital Health India Programme. 

Highlights: 

• ‘Kilkari’ (meaning ‘a baby’s gurgle’), is an IVR based mobile health service which delivers free, weekly, time-appropriate 72 audio messages about pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare directly to families’ mobile phones from the second trimester of pregnancy until the child is one year old.

• Kilkari Programme is centrally hosted by MoHFW for all the States/UTs and no further investment in the technology, telephony infrastructure or operational costs is required to be borne by States/UTs. 

• This service is FREE of cost for States/UTs and beneficiaries. 

• The programme is integrated with the centralized Reproductive Child Health (RCH) portal of MoHFW’s and is the single source of information for this mHealth service.

Pradhan Mantri Matsya Kisan Samridhi Sah-Yojana (PM-MKSSY)

The Central government has recently approved the “Pradhan Mantri Matsya Kisan Samridhi Sah-Yojana (PM-MKSSY). 

Highlights: 

• It is a sub scheme under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana, for the micro and small enterprises operating in the fisheries sector with an expected investment of ₹6,000 crore in the next four years. 

• The sub-scheme PM-MKSSY is with 50% public finance, including the World Bank and the Agence Française de Développement (AFD) external financing, and the rest 50% investment from the private sector leverage. 

• It will be implemented for four years from 2023-24 to 2026-27 across all the States and union territories. • Fishers, aquaculture farmers, fish workers and fish vendors are expected to benefit from the scheme. 

• It is aimed at gradual formalisation of the fisheries sector and enhanced access to institutional credit. 

• It will create 1.7 lakh new jobs, with a special emphasis on employing 75,000 women. 

• It will improve value chain efficiency and ensuring safe, quality fish by supporting 55,000 targeted micro and small enterprises.

• It will ensure environment friendly fisheries sector. 

• It will Facilitate Ease of Doing Business and transparency.

GOVERNANCE AND SCHEMES OF ANDHRA PRADESH

 

Haryana Public service Commission HCS General Studies Paper Key (Exam Held on 11-02-2024)

Haryana Public service Commission HCS CSAT Paper Key (Exam Held on 11-02-2024)

APPSC New Notifications

 

Reproductive Maternal Newborn Child Adolescent Health Plus Nutrition (RMNCAH+N)

The Government of India implements Reproductive Maternal Newborn Child Adolescent Health Plus Nutrition (RMNCAH+N) strategy under National Health Mission, which includes various activities to address the problem of anemia and malnutrition among women and children across the county. Interventions are as below:

 

1. Mothers’ Absolute Affection (MAA) is implemented to improve breastfeeding coverage which includes early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding for first six months followed by age-appropriate complementary feeding practices through capacity building of frontline health workers and comprehensive IEC campaigns.
2. Nutrition Rehabilitation Centres (NRCs) are set up at public health facilities to provide in-patient medical and nutritional care to children under 5 years of age suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) with medical complications. In addition to curative care, special focus is given on timely, adequate and appropriate feeding for children, correction of micronutrient deficiencies, improving the skills for mother and caregivers on complete age-appropriate caring and feeding practices. and counselling support is provided to mothers for identifying nutrition and health problems in child.
3. Anemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) programme is implemented to reduce anemia among six beneficiaries age group - children (6-59 months), children (5-9 years), adolescents (10-19 years), pregnant and lactating women and in women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) in life cycle approach through implementation of six interventions via robust institutional mechanism. The steps taken to address the problem of anemia are:

1. Prophylactic Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in all six target age groups
2. Intensified year-round Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) Campaign for: (a) improving compliance to Iron Folic Acid supplementation and deworming, (b) enhancing appropriate infant and young child feeding practices, (c) encouraging increase in intake of iron-rich food through diet diversity with focus on harnessing locally available resources, and (d) ensuring delayed cord clamping after delivery in health facilities
3. Testing using digital methods and point of care treatment, with special focus on pregnant women and school-going adolescents
4. Addressing non-nutritional causes of anemia in endemic pockets with special focus on malaria, hemoglobinopathies and fluorosis
5. Providing incentives to the ANM for identification and follow-up of pregnant women with severe anemia in high priority districts (HPDs)
6. Management of severe anemia in pregnant women by administration of IV Iron Sucrose/ Blood transfusion
7. Awareness by ASHAs through community mobilization and IEC/BCC activities
8. Convergence and coordination with other line departments and ministries for strengthening implementation

4. Under National Deworming Day (NDD) albendazole tablets are administered in a single fixed day approach via schools and anganwadi centres in two rounds (February and August) to reduce the soil transmitted helminth (STH) infestation among all children and adolescents (1-19 years).
5. Monthly Village Health, Sanitation and Nutrition Day (VHSND) is an outreach activity at Anganwadi centers for provision of maternal and child care including nutrition in convergence with the ICDS.
6. MCP Card and Safe Motherhood Booklet are distributed to the pregnant women for educating them on diet, rest, danger signs of pregnancy, benefit schemes and institutional deliveries.

 

As informed by Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, the Government implements various schemes to improve the access to nutritious food, such as National Food Security Act (NFSA) 2013, which provides highly subsidized food grains under Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) for coverage up to 75% of the rural population and up to 50% of the urban population and under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY), free food grains are provided to 81.35 crore beneficiaries of Antyodaya Anna Yojana households and Priority Households, for a period of five years with effect from 1st January 2024.

As informed by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, under Krishi Vigyan Kendra Scheme, 16681 nutri-gardens are established across 30310 farm families and awareness activities are conducted on health and nutrition literacy.

As informed by Ministry of Women and Child Development, under Mission Poshan 2.0, Supplementary Nutrition Program provides nutritional support to children less than 6 years age, adolescent girls (14-18 years), pregnant women and lactating mothers as per nutrition norms under Schedule II of NFSA Act 2013.  

Also, the Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman (PM POSHAN) under Ministry of Education provides one hot cooked meal in Government and Government-aided schools as per nutrition norms under Schedule II of NFSA Act, 2013 to school going children from Balvatikas (pre-school) to Class VIII.

The Government of India takes various measures to augment domestic availability and stabilize the prices of essential food commodities.

Schemes for Promoting Solar Energy

PM-KUSUM (Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan): Aimed at ensuring energy security for farmers in India, along with honoring India’s commitment to increase the share of installed capacity of electric power from non-fossil-fuel sources.

Solar park scheme: For Development of Ultra Mega Renewable Energy Power Parks (UMREPPs) targeting 40,000 MW of solar power installed capacity by 2025-26.

Atal Jyoti Yojana (AJAY): The AJAY scheme was launched in September 2016 for the installation of solar street lighting (SSL) systems in states with less than 50% households covered with grid power.

National Solar Mission: The mission was launched in 2010 with the objective of establishing India as a global leader in solar energy.

International Solar Alliance: The ISA was launched in 2015 in Paris, on the side-lines of the Conference of the Parties (COP-21), with 121 solar resource rich countries lying fully or partially between the tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn as prospective members.

One Sun, One World, One Grid (OSOWOG): It focuses on a framework for facilitating global cooperation, building a global ecosystem of interconnected renewable energy resources.