List of Tiger Reserves

 

TIGER RESERVE		DESCRIPTION
1.	BANDIPUR TIGER RESERVE KARNATAKA	Located in Mysore and Chamarajanagar districts of southern Karnataka. Ecological confluence of Western and Eastern Ghats. Part of Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve.
2.	CORBETT TIGER RESERVE (UTTARAKHAND) & AMANGARH BUFFER (UTTAR PRADESH)	Located on foothills of Himalayas in Uttarakhand in three districts of Pauri, Nainital & Almora. The reserve spreads over Bhabar and lower Shivalik region with a deep-water table. Rivers Ramganga, Pallaen and Sonanadi flow through it.
3.	KANHA TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Located in Maikala range of Satpura Mountains falling in Mandla and Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh. Fauna: Critical as last habitat for highly endangered hard ground Barasingha and saving it from extinction.
4.	MANAS TIGER RESERVE ASSAM	Tiger reserve with largest buffer area among tiger reserves in India.Spreads across districts of Kokrajhar, Chirang, Buxa and Udalguri in North-West Assam. Separated by River Manas from the Royal Manas National Park (Bhutan) in its North. Separated by River Sankosh from the Buxa Tiger Reserve. Evolutionarily, it is entry point of tigers into India.
5.	MELGHAT TIGER RESERVE MAHARASHTRA	Marked with large tracts of hills and ravines in Satpura range. Flora: Characterized by Dry Deciduous Forest with Teak being the dominant species.
6.	PALAMAU TIGER RESERVE JHARKHAND	Located in western part of Chhota Nagpur plateau and spread over two districts of Latehar and Garhwa. Only tiger reserve in the Jharkhand. Forms part of Central Indian Tiger Landscape Complex and its habitat contiguity extends to Sanjay Dhubri Tiger Reserve through Guru Ghasidas National Park, all the way to Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve. Three rivers i.e., North Koel, Auranga and Burha flow through it. The area is drought prone with Burha being the only perennial river.
7.	RANTHAMBORE TIGER RESERVE RAJASTHAN	Located at the junction of (Great Boundary Fault) of Aravalli and Vindhyan range. Banas River bounds the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve in the North while Chambal River forms the southern boundary of it.
8.	SIMLIPAL TIGER RESERVE ODISHA	Located in Mayurbhanj District in northernmost part of Odisha. Derives its name from red silk cotton trees growing in the area. Tribal groups such as Khadia, Mankidia and Lodhas live in around the Simlipal Tiger Reserve. Only home to unique melanistic tiger (Black and Yellow stripes). This is due to a rare genetic phenomenon known as pseudo-melanism, which is characterised by excessive pigmentation of dark colour in the skin of an animal.
9.	SUNDARBAN TIGER RESERVE WEST BENGAL	Sundarbans are the largest deltaic region of the world. The region is named after mangrove tree species ‘Sundari. Fauna: Tiger, Fishing Cat, Estuarine Crocodile, Gangetic and Irrawaddy Dolphins. Harbours significant population of River Terrapin (Batagur baska). Sundarbans are known as Kingfisher’s paradise with 10 species out of 12 kingfishers found in India.
10.	PERIYAR TIGER RESERVE KERALA	PTR along with adjoining protected areas form largest tiger conservation landscape in southernmost western ghats, extending over 4000 sq km in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.Spreads across districts of Idukki, Pathanamthitta and Kottayam in Kerala.Two major rivers namely Periyar and Pamba drain the area.Tiger reserve with smallest buffer area among tiger reserves in India.
11.	SARISKA TIGER RESERVE RAJASTHAN	Has unique distinction of succesfully reintroducing tiger after its local extinction.There is no perennial river or water stream. Characterised by Dry Deciduous Forests and Tropical Thorn Forest. Anogeissus pendula (also known as Dhok tree or Button tree) is the dominant tree species in the region.
12.	BUXA TIGER RESERVE WEST BENGAL	Located in Alipurduar of Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal.
13.	INDRAVATI TIGER RESERVE CHHATTISGARH	Located in Bijapur district of Chhattisgarh. Indravati River forms the boundary of this reserve on the northern and western side. (Indravati is a tributary of Godavari River).Has a small population of Wild Water Buffalos (State Animal of Chhattisgarh, IUCN Status: Endangered), Tiger, Leopard etc.
14.	NAMDAPHA TIGER RESERVE ARUNACHAL PRADESH	Large, protected area in Arunachal Pradesh near international border with Myanmar. It is a biodiversity hotspot in Eastern Himalayas. It is located on Dapha bum range of Mishmi hills and Patkai range. The Noa Dihing River crosses it from east to west. Harbors northernmost lowland evergreen rainforests in the world. Namdapha flying squirrel (Critically endangered and endemic to this place)
15.	NAGARJUNASAGAR TIGER RESERVE ANDHRA PRADESH	Largest core area and largest overall area among all tiger reserves in India. Located in Nallamalla range, an extension of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh spread over three districts of Kurnool, Prakasham & Guntur. Located on southern bank of Krishna River.
16.	DUDHWA TIGER RESERVE UTTAR PRADESH	Located on India-Nepal border. Part of Shivalik hills and Gangetic Plains tiger landscape complex in Uttar Pradesh.Comprises of three protected areas: Dudhwa National Park, Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary & Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary. Provides habitat for unique species including endangered Rhinoceros (succesfully reintroduced), Bengal Florican (Critically Endangered) & Hispid Hare (Critically Endangered).
17.	KALAKAD MUNDANTHURAI TAMIL NADU	Located in southern Western Ghats and forms part of Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve. Major river: Gadananathi river
18.	VALMIKI TIGER RESERVE BIHAR	Located in Bihar in northern part of West Champaran district along the border of India & Nepal.Located in Terai region of Himalayas is connected to Chitwan National Park in Nepal.Only Tiger Reserve in Bihar. Sets an excellent example of Shivalik Hills and Gangetic Plains landscape with a mosaic of dense forests, open woodlands, swamps and grasslands.
19.	PENCH TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Located on southern slopes of Satpura range in Madhya Pradesh. Pench River flows through the park from north to south and splits the park into two. Meghdoot dam on Pench River is located on the boundary of this Tiger Reserve.
20.	TADOBA ANDHERI MAHARASHTRA	Located in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra in the Vidarbha region. The Andhari River passes through this reserve.
21.	BANDHAVGARH TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Located between Vindhya and Satpura ranges in Madhya Pradesh. The park has remnants of archaeological monuments dating to Kalachuri dynasty.
22.	PANNA TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Named after the city of diamonds, Panna in the Bundelkhand region in Madhya Pradesh.Spreads across Panna, Chhatarpur and Damoh districts of Madhya Pradesh. Located in Vindhyan Range.Forms northernmost tip of natural teak forests. Ken River flows through the tiger reserve.
23.	DAMPA TIGER RESERVE MIZORAM	Located in western edge of Mizoram. It is bound by Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh. Drained by River Khawthlangtuipui in the West and the Teirei River to the East.
24.	BHADRA TIGER RESERVE KARNATAKA	Located in Western Ghats of Karnataka. The habitat is drained by Bhadra River and its tributaries.Moist & Dry Deciduous forests and Shola grasslands.
25.	PENCH-EXTENSION MAHARASHTRA	Extension of Pench Tiger Reserve in Maharashtra.
26.	PAKKE TIGER RESERVE ARUNACHAL PRADESH	Located in the foothills of Eastern Himalayas in East Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh.Forms a transition zone between Indian and Malayan ecoregions and high endemicity.Pakke River forms the boundary in the East while Kameng River forms the boundary in the West.Pakke along with Nameri Tiger Reserve forms one of the largest blocks of semi-evergreen & evergreen forests in North-East.Key habitat for Clouded Leopard
27.	NAMERI TIGER RESERVE ASSAM	Located in northern part of Sonitpur district of Assam along the foothills of Arunachal Pradesh. This habitat is rich in biodiversity and is famous for white winged wood duck. It is bound by Jia Bhoreli River in the West and Bor-Dikorai River in the East.
28.	SATPURA TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Prime example of Central Indian Highlands ecosystem. Pachmarhi is located inside it. Located south of Narmada River.
29.	ANAMALAI TIGER RESERVE TAMIL NADU	Largest tiger reserve of Tamil Nadu. Situated at the heart of Anamalai Range (Also known as Elephant hills).
30.	UDANTI SITANADI TIGER RESERVE CHHATTISGARH	Named after Sitanadi River which originates here and joins Mahanadi River.
31.	SATKOSIA TIGER RESERVE ODISHA	Spread over four districts of Angul, Cuttack, Boudh and Nayagarh in the heartland of Odisha. The Mahanadi passes through this tiger reserve and forms a large gorge here, hence also known as Gorge Sanctuary.
32.	KAZIRANGA TIGER RESERVE ASSAM	Located on the southern bank of Brahmaputra River in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of Assam.World famous habitat for one-horned rhinoceros. The river Diffalu, a tributary of the Brahmaputra, flows through the National Park area (core/critical tiger habitat), while another tributary Moradifalu flows along its southern boundary.
33.	ACHANAKMAR TIGER RESERVE CHHATTISGARH	Located in the Maikala range in Chhattisgarh. It is located close to Amarkantak, the source of Son and Narmada River.
34.	KALI TIGER RESERVE KARNATAKA	Located in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka in Western Ghats. It was formerly known as Dandeli Anshi National Park. Kali River flows through it.
35.	SANJAY DHUBRI TIGER RESERVE MADHYA PRADESH	Located in Sidhi and Shahdol districts of Madhya Pradesh on the borders of Chhattisgarh (Close of Guru Ghasidas National Park in Chhattisgarh).Various perennial rivers like Gopad, World famous white tigers “MOHAN” was found and rescued from the forest of this landscape by Maharaja of Rewa in 1951.
36.	MUDUMALAI TIGER RESERVE TAMIL NADU	Located in North-eastern and North-western slopes of Nilgiris at the tri-junction of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Moyar River passes through it. Documentary Movie ‘Elephant Whisperers’ was shot in this Tiger Reserve. Kattunayakan Tribe (PVTG) lives in this tiger reserve.
37.	NAGARHOLE KARNATAKA	Located in districts of Mysuru and Kodagu district of Karnataka. The reserve named after a small river ‘Nagarhole’ (a snake stream in Kannada), which meanders through it, before joining Kabini River.
38.	PARAMBIKULAM KERALA	Located in Anamalai landscape of Western Ghats in Palakkad and Thrissur districts of Kerala. The park has montane and marshy grasslands locally known as ‘Vayals’ and Evergreen, Deciduous and Shola forests.
39.	SAHYADRI MAHARASHTRA	Located in Sahyadri range of Western Ghats in Maharashtra. These ranges from a common boundary between Maharashtra, Karnataka & Goa.First tiger reserve of Western Maharashtra and spreads across two protected areas of Koyna sanctuary and Chandoli National Park.
40.	BILIGIRI RANGANATHA TEMPLE KARNATAKA	Located in Chamarajanagar district of Karnataka. Acts as a bio-geographical bridge between Western & Eastern Ghats in South India.Derives its name from ‘Bilgiri’, the rocky white rocky cliff which has a temple of Lord Vishnu locally known as Rangaswamy.
41.	KAWAL TIGER RESERVE TELANGANA	Located on the banks of Godavari River and forms part of Deccan peninsula – Central Highlands.Located on the southernmost tip of Central Indian Tiger Landscape, has linkages with Tadoba-Andhari (Maharashtra) and Indravati (Chhattisgarh) tiger reserves.
42.	SATHYAMANGALAM TIGER RESERVE TAMIL NADU	Located as a transition zone between Western and Eastern Ghats in Erode District of Tamil Nadu. It contiguous with other tiger conservation landscapes like BRT, Bandipur, Mudumalai and Nagarhole.
43.	MUKUNDARA TIGER RESERVE RAJASTHAN	Named after two continuous flat topped, almost parallel hills with narrow central ridges forming part of Vindhyas extending from Chambal to Kali Sindh River.
44.	NAWEGAON NAGZIRA TIGER RESERVE MAHARASHTRA	Located in Gondia and Shandara districts of Maharashtra in Vidarbha region.
45.	AMRABAD TIGER RESERVE TELANGANA	Located on the Nallamalla hills (part of Eastern Ghats) along Krishna River. Sri Sailam dam on Krishna River is located inside the Tiger Reserve. Mouse Deer (Indian spotted Chevrotain) which were locally extinct is being re-introduced in this protected area.
46.	PILIBHIT TIGER RESERVE UTTAR PRADESH	Located in Pilibhit district of Uttar Pradesh on the international border with Nepal. River Gomti originates from this reserve. The park also forms catchment of Sharda, Chuka and Mala Khannot rivers. Sharda Sagar dam forms the boundary of the reserve. Connected to Dudhwa Tiger Reserve through Kishanpur (UP), Shuklaphanta (Nepal) and Nandaur Sanctuary in Uttarakhand. Fauna: Critically endangered Bengal florican and hispid hare.
47.	BOR TIGER RESERVE MAHARASHTRA	Located in Wardha District of Maharashtra. Located adjacent to Pench Tiger Reserve.
48.	RAJAJI TIGER RESERVE UTTARAKHAND	Located in Haridwar, Dehradun and Pauri Garhwal districts of Uttarakhand. The tiger reserve is named after C. Rajagopalachari.
49.	ORANG TIGER RESERVE ASSAM	Smallest core area and smallest overall area among all tiger reserves in India. This Tiger Reserve is located on the northern bank of Brahmaputra River in Darrang and Sonitpur districts of Assam. Home to Indian rhinoceros, Pygmy Hog (Critically Endangered), Elephant, Wild Water Buffalo, Bengal Tigers. (Only stronghold of rhinoceros on North Bank of Brahmaputra). Bengal Florican (Critically endangered) is one of the flagship birds found in the park.
50.	KAMLANG ARUNACHAL PRADESH	Located in Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh. The Kamlang River passes through this sanctuary, after which this tiger reserve named. It is located on the north of Namdapha National Park. Local inhabitants of the region are Hishmi, Digaru & Mizo. They claim themselves as descendent of King Rukmo of Mahabharat. Home to Four big cats (Tiger, Leopard, Clouded Leopard & Snow Leopard), Hoolock Gibbon, Slow Loris, Leopard Cat, Himalayan Palm Civets
51.	SRIVILLIPUTHUR MEGAMALAI TAMIL NADU	This tiger reserve was created by combining two wildlife sanctuaries Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary and Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary. This tiger reserve is located close to Periyar Tiger Reserve. Vaigai River originates from this Tiger Reserve and flows to Palk Strait. Meghamalai (also known as High Wavy Mountains) is a mountain range located in Western Ghats in Theni district of Tamil Nadu.
52.	RAMGARH VISHDHARI RAJASTHAN	Lies in the southeastern part of Rajasthan.Plays an important role in connecting Ranthambore and Mukundra Tiger Reserves of Rajasthan. Mez River, a tributary of Chambal River, passes through the tiger reserve.
53.	RANIPUR UTTAR PRADESH	Latest Tiger Reserve to be notified. Located in the Chitrakoot district of Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh. This Tiger Reserve has been notified to accommodate sinking of a part of Panna Tiger Reserve due to the Ken-Betwa Linkage.

Indian Rebellion of 1857

 

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Kilkari Programme

Ministers of State for Health recently launched ‘Kilkari’ programme, a mobile health initiative for beneficiaries, in local content, in Gujarat and Maharashtra as part of Digital Health India Programme. 

Highlights: 

• ‘Kilkari’ (meaning ‘a baby’s gurgle’), is an IVR based mobile health service which delivers free, weekly, time-appropriate 72 audio messages about pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare directly to families’ mobile phones from the second trimester of pregnancy until the child is one year old.

• Kilkari Programme is centrally hosted by MoHFW for all the States/UTs and no further investment in the technology, telephony infrastructure or operational costs is required to be borne by States/UTs. 

• This service is FREE of cost for States/UTs and beneficiaries. 

• The programme is integrated with the centralized Reproductive Child Health (RCH) portal of MoHFW’s and is the single source of information for this mHealth service.

Pradhan Mantri Matsya Kisan Samridhi Sah-Yojana (PM-MKSSY)

The Central government has recently approved the “Pradhan Mantri Matsya Kisan Samridhi Sah-Yojana (PM-MKSSY). 

Highlights: 

• It is a sub scheme under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana, for the micro and small enterprises operating in the fisheries sector with an expected investment of ₹6,000 crore in the next four years. 

• The sub-scheme PM-MKSSY is with 50% public finance, including the World Bank and the Agence Française de Développement (AFD) external financing, and the rest 50% investment from the private sector leverage. 

• It will be implemented for four years from 2023-24 to 2026-27 across all the States and union territories. • Fishers, aquaculture farmers, fish workers and fish vendors are expected to benefit from the scheme. 

• It is aimed at gradual formalisation of the fisheries sector and enhanced access to institutional credit. 

• It will create 1.7 lakh new jobs, with a special emphasis on employing 75,000 women. 

• It will improve value chain efficiency and ensuring safe, quality fish by supporting 55,000 targeted micro and small enterprises.

• It will ensure environment friendly fisheries sector. 

• It will Facilitate Ease of Doing Business and transparency.

GOVERNANCE AND SCHEMES OF ANDHRA PRADESH

 

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APPSC New Notifications

 

Reproductive Maternal Newborn Child Adolescent Health Plus Nutrition (RMNCAH+N)

The Government of India implements Reproductive Maternal Newborn Child Adolescent Health Plus Nutrition (RMNCAH+N) strategy under National Health Mission, which includes various activities to address the problem of anemia and malnutrition among women and children across the county. Interventions are as below:

 

1. Mothers’ Absolute Affection (MAA) is implemented to improve breastfeeding coverage which includes early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding for first six months followed by age-appropriate complementary feeding practices through capacity building of frontline health workers and comprehensive IEC campaigns.
2. Nutrition Rehabilitation Centres (NRCs) are set up at public health facilities to provide in-patient medical and nutritional care to children under 5 years of age suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) with medical complications. In addition to curative care, special focus is given on timely, adequate and appropriate feeding for children, correction of micronutrient deficiencies, improving the skills for mother and caregivers on complete age-appropriate caring and feeding practices. and counselling support is provided to mothers for identifying nutrition and health problems in child.
3. Anemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) programme is implemented to reduce anemia among six beneficiaries age group - children (6-59 months), children (5-9 years), adolescents (10-19 years), pregnant and lactating women and in women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) in life cycle approach through implementation of six interventions via robust institutional mechanism. The steps taken to address the problem of anemia are:

1. Prophylactic Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in all six target age groups
2. Intensified year-round Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) Campaign for: (a) improving compliance to Iron Folic Acid supplementation and deworming, (b) enhancing appropriate infant and young child feeding practices, (c) encouraging increase in intake of iron-rich food through diet diversity with focus on harnessing locally available resources, and (d) ensuring delayed cord clamping after delivery in health facilities
3. Testing using digital methods and point of care treatment, with special focus on pregnant women and school-going adolescents
4. Addressing non-nutritional causes of anemia in endemic pockets with special focus on malaria, hemoglobinopathies and fluorosis
5. Providing incentives to the ANM for identification and follow-up of pregnant women with severe anemia in high priority districts (HPDs)
6. Management of severe anemia in pregnant women by administration of IV Iron Sucrose/ Blood transfusion
7. Awareness by ASHAs through community mobilization and IEC/BCC activities
8. Convergence and coordination with other line departments and ministries for strengthening implementation

4. Under National Deworming Day (NDD) albendazole tablets are administered in a single fixed day approach via schools and anganwadi centres in two rounds (February and August) to reduce the soil transmitted helminth (STH) infestation among all children and adolescents (1-19 years).
5. Monthly Village Health, Sanitation and Nutrition Day (VHSND) is an outreach activity at Anganwadi centers for provision of maternal and child care including nutrition in convergence with the ICDS.
6. MCP Card and Safe Motherhood Booklet are distributed to the pregnant women for educating them on diet, rest, danger signs of pregnancy, benefit schemes and institutional deliveries.

 

As informed by Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, the Government implements various schemes to improve the access to nutritious food, such as National Food Security Act (NFSA) 2013, which provides highly subsidized food grains under Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) for coverage up to 75% of the rural population and up to 50% of the urban population and under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY), free food grains are provided to 81.35 crore beneficiaries of Antyodaya Anna Yojana households and Priority Households, for a period of five years with effect from 1st January 2024.

As informed by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, under Krishi Vigyan Kendra Scheme, 16681 nutri-gardens are established across 30310 farm families and awareness activities are conducted on health and nutrition literacy.

As informed by Ministry of Women and Child Development, under Mission Poshan 2.0, Supplementary Nutrition Program provides nutritional support to children less than 6 years age, adolescent girls (14-18 years), pregnant women and lactating mothers as per nutrition norms under Schedule II of NFSA Act 2013.  

Also, the Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman (PM POSHAN) under Ministry of Education provides one hot cooked meal in Government and Government-aided schools as per nutrition norms under Schedule II of NFSA Act, 2013 to school going children from Balvatikas (pre-school) to Class VIII.

The Government of India takes various measures to augment domestic availability and stabilize the prices of essential food commodities.

Schemes for Promoting Solar Energy

PM-KUSUM (Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan): Aimed at ensuring energy security for farmers in India, along with honoring India’s commitment to increase the share of installed capacity of electric power from non-fossil-fuel sources.

Solar park scheme: For Development of Ultra Mega Renewable Energy Power Parks (UMREPPs) targeting 40,000 MW of solar power installed capacity by 2025-26.

Atal Jyoti Yojana (AJAY): The AJAY scheme was launched in September 2016 for the installation of solar street lighting (SSL) systems in states with less than 50% households covered with grid power.

National Solar Mission: The mission was launched in 2010 with the objective of establishing India as a global leader in solar energy.

International Solar Alliance: The ISA was launched in 2015 in Paris, on the side-lines of the Conference of the Parties (COP-21), with 121 solar resource rich countries lying fully or partially between the tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn as prospective members.

One Sun, One World, One Grid (OSOWOG): It focuses on a framework for facilitating global cooperation, building a global ecosystem of interconnected renewable energy resources.

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Navigating Challenges in Current Affairs

Important Government Schemes

Biosphere Reserves in India

 

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National Programme for Dairy Development

Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India is implementing “National Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD)” scheme across the country since Feb-2014 with an objective of creating/strengthening of infrastructure for Production of quality milk, Procurement, Processing and Marketing of Milk & Milk Products. The scheme has been restructured/realigned in July 2021 for implementation from 2021-22 to 2025-26 with a total budgetary allocation of Rs.1790 crore having two components:

Component 'A' focuses towards creating/strengthening of infrastructure for quality milk testing equipment as well as primary chilling facilities.

Component 'B' (Dairying through Cooperatives) aims to increase sales of milk and milk products, upgrading dairy processing facilities and marketing infrastructure and enhancing the capacity of producer-owned institutions.

An amount of Rs.345.93 crore has been allocated (Budgetary Estimate) under both Component 'A' and Component 'B' (Dairying through Cooperatives) of the scheme during 2023-24.

  The details of achievements made under NPDD scheme is as under;

1. Under Component A of the scheme, 195 projects in 30 States/UTs have been approved with the total outlay of Rs. 3311.10 crore (including Central Share Rs.2479.06 crore). A total amount of Rs.1824.60 crore has been released to States for the implementation of these projects against which Rs. 1429.62 crore has been utilized.
2. Under Component B of the scheme, 22 projects in 8 States have been approved with a total outlay of Rs.1130.63 crore. A total amount of Rs.84.02 crore has been released to National Dairy Development Board for the implementation of the projects.
3. About 16,794 dairy cooperative societies have been organized/revived, 30,066 Automatic Milk Collection Unit have been installed and about 82 dairy plants have been strengthened with creation of 24.00 lakh litres per day additional/new milk processing capacity under the scheme.

National Food Security Mission

The year 2023 has been declared the International Year of Millets (IYoM) by the United Nations on the proposal initiated by the Government of India. The Government is celebrating the International Year of Millets to make it a people’s movement so that value-added products are accepted globally. Both the Central and State Governments have taken numerous steps for promoting millets (Shree Anna). The action plan of IYoM 2023 focuses on a strategy to enhance production, productivity, consumption, export, strengthening the value chains, branding and also creating awareness for health benefits etc.

To increase the production of Nutri Cereals for meeting their enhanced demand, the Central Government is implementing the National Food Security Mission - Nutri Cereals (NFSM-Nutri Cereals). The interventions covered under NFSM-Nutri Cereals include cluster front line demonstrations on improved package of practices, seed distribution & micronutrients, biofertilizers, production of certified seeds of High Yielding Varieties, plant protection chemicals, weedicides, sprayer, efficient water application tools, cropping system based training. Seed Hubs for millets have also been set up. Further interventions include breeder seed production, production of certified seeds, distribution of seed mini kits (HYVs) etc. Further, States such as Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar have initiated Millet Missions in the States to promote millets.

The Government also incentivizes farmers to increase the production and productivity of millets through Rashtriya Krishi VikasYojana. It has also fixed the MSP for major millets to ensure that farmers get remunerative prices.

To increase the production of millets based products, a Productivity Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme has been notified by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries in June 2022. Millets are also included under the Poshan Abhiyan of the Ministry of Women and Child Development. Further, the Ministry of Food and Public Distribution has revised its guidelines to increase the procurement of millets under the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)  and Mid-Day Meal. The Ministry has also advised the State Governments and Union Territories to increase the procurement of millets.

Due to the above efforts of both the Central and State Governments, there has been an increased awareness about health benefits and enhanced demand for millets. The Government is committed to ensure remunerative prices to farmers so that the production and supply increase and keep the prices moderated.

Air Quality Index

A Commission has been constituted under the Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and Adjoining Areas Act, 2021 up in accordance with the notification dated 23rd April, 2021 towards better coordination, research, identification and resolution of problems surrounding the air quality index in NCR and adjoining areas and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

The commission for Air Quality Management in NCR & Adjoining Areas (CAQM), since its inception in 2021, undertakes action for the prevention and control of Air pollution in Delhi-NCR & Adjoining Areas which impacts the air quality of the NCT Delhi. The Commission adopting an air-shed like approach has issued a comprehensive policy to curb Air pollution NCR in July 2022 by constituting an expert group. The policy has sector-wise action plan for prevention and control of air pollution in the region by various sectors contributing to air pollution. The Commission has also issued statutory directions and advisories for control of air pollution in NCR from time to time. Since inception the Commission has so far issued 78 directions and 11 advisories, besides executive orders to various agencies concerned in the NCR including State Governments of Punjab, GNCTD, and various bodies of the Central and State Governments in the region. Due to these concerted efforts general improvements in the AQI level has been witnessed in the region.

Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) was formulated for Delhi-NCR to tackle the issue of sudden rise in air pollution levels which was notified by MoEF&CC in January 2017 on recommendation of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for implementation. A comprehensive review of actions listed under GRAP was carried out by CPCB in 2020 based on actions taken and improvement observed in air quality in recent years. Based on the inputs given by CPCB, the revised GRAP was published by CAQM and further directions were issued for its implementation.

Steps taken for control of air pollution are as following:

1. The CAQM has deputed 40 teams of CPCB officers since December 2021, for conducting incognito inspections of air polluting industries, C&D sites, DG sets in Delhi-NCR to check implementation status of pollution control measures and compliance of other provisions of the Air (P&CP) Act, 1981. A total of 16037units/entities/ projects have been inspected as on November 24, 2023. Based on these inspections, CAQM has issued Closure Directions in 899 cases and out of these resumption orders have been issued in 708 cases while 132 cases are still under closure and cases of 59 balance units have been transferred to State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) / Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) for final decision.

2. CPCB has come out with System and Procedure for Emission Compliance Testing of Retro-fit Emission Control Devices (RECD) for Diesel Power Generating Set Engines up to Gross Mechanical Power 800 kW. RECDs have been developed for DG sets of 209-799 kW capacity and installation of RECDs is in progress in Delhi-NCR. In order to control DG set emissions, CPCB is also funding retrofitment/ upgradation of DG sets in Govt. hospitals in Delhi-NCR and guidelines have been issued in this regard. Under the said guidelines, 100 % funding support is provided for RECD and dual fuel kit installation while 40% funding support is provided for procurement of new gas based Generator sets.

3. CPCB has issued guidelines/ mechanism for use of anti-smog guns in Construction and Demolition projects. Also, CPCB has published guidelines for dust mitigation measures in handling construction materials and C&D waste.

4. CPCB has framed guidelines for promoting setting up of paddy straw based pelletization and torrefaction plants wherein one-time financial assistance is provided to individual entities/entrepreneurs/ companies for setting up of such plants.A corpus of Rs. 50 crores has been earmarked for utilisation through the guidelines. A total of 10 plants (1 in principle) have been sanctioned so far: 8 in Punjab, 1 in Haryana and 1 in UP.

5. CPCB has also issued an addendum under which one-time financial assistance is provided to Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils and ZillaParishads of the states of Punjab, Haryana, NCT of Delhi and NCR districts of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, for establishing paddy straw based briquetting plants for use of briquettes for cremation purpose only.

6. Installation of VRS system at 3256 petrol pumps in Delhi-NCR in compliance with orders of Hon’ble Supreme Court and Hon’ble NGT.

7. Trial study of various new technologies for control of air pollution have been got conducted by CPCB out of which encouraging results were observed in case of Dust Suppressant for control of emissions at construction sites and road dust. Advisory have been issued for use of dust suppressant by road owning and construction agencies in Delhi-NCR.

Mera Bill Mera Adhikaar scheme

The government launched the 'mera bill mera adhikaar' scheme to promote invoice usage and offer incentives to consumers.

KeyPoints:
 The scheme is currently implemented in Haryana, Assam, Gujarat, and the union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu and Puducherry.
 Consumers have a chance to win cash prizes ranging from ₹10,000 to ₹1 crore by participating in the scheme.
 The minimum value for invoices to be considered for the draw has been kept at ₹200.
 All invoices issued by GST registered sellers will be eligible for the scheme and maximum 25 invoices will be considered from an individual in a month.