Friday, July 20, 2012

CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs FOR APPSC GROUP-II & ASO EXAMS


1. Who among the following was re-elected as President of The Gambia in the election organised in November 2011 ?
1) Yahya Jammeh
2) Sadou Hayatou
3) Apolo Nsibambi
4) Ahmadou Ahidjo

2. Sushil Kumar was named as the brand ambassador of which of the following by the government recently ?
1) Indira Awas Yojana
2) National Rural Health Mission
3) National Rural Livelihoods Mission
4) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme

3. Who among the following was conferred with the Saraswati Samman-2010 for his epic novel "Mandra" on November 16, 2011 ?
1) S.L. Bhyrappa
2) Satyavarat Shastri
3) Dr. K. Satchidanandan
4) Vennikkulam Gopala Kurup

4. Anarkali Honaryar and Khaled Abu Awwad were conferred the 2011 'UNESCO ... Prize for the promotion of Tolerance and Non-violence' in November 2011
1) Dipankar Banerjee
 2) Mahatma Gandhi
3) Madanjeet Singh
4) Amartya Sen

5. Whose biography authored by Walter Isaacson was released on October 2011 ?
1) Henry Ford
2) Mark Zuckerberg
3) Bill Gates
4) Steve Jobs

6. Who is the Chairperson of the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) ?
1) Yogesh Agharwal
2) Madhulika P. Sukul
3) Arvind Kumar
4) Padma Iyer Kaul

7. Pratap Bhanu Mehta is the President and Chief Executive of which of the following institutions ?
1) Centre for Policy Research
2) Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies
3) Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis
4) National Council for Applied Economic Research

8. Who won the Mrs. World 2011 title at the beauty pageant organised on Orlando, Florida, USA from December 6 to 15, 2011 ?
1) Sima Bakhar
2) April Lufriu
3) Diane Tucker
4) Natalya Shmarenkova

9. Aamir Khan was appointed as its Ambassador in India by the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) in November 2011. Which of the following pairs of UNICEF ambassadors in India and their area of work is / are matched currectly ?
I. Amitabh Bachchan - Polio
II. Aamir Khan - Nutrition
III. Sachin Tendulkar - Hand washing and Personal Hygiene
1) I only
2) I and II only
3) III and I only
4) I, II and III

10. Who was appointed as the Chairperson of the Committee on Government Assurances of the Lok Sabha in November 2011 ?
1) Supriya Sule
2) Sushma Swaraj
3) Maneka Gandhi
4) Deepa Dasmunshi

11. Justice Madan Bhimarao Lokur was sworn in as the Chief Justic of which High Court in November 2011 ?
1) Andhra Pradesh
2) Karnataka
3) Madras
4) Kerala

12. Chief Minister Mayawati announced a plan to drive Uttar Pradesh into four states - Purvanchal, Pashchim Pradesh, Bundelkhand and Awadh Pradesh on November 15, 2011. Which of the following has the highest number of districts ?
1) Purvanchal
2) Pashchim Pradesh
3) Bundelkhand
4) Awadh Pradesh

13. 'Vivek Express', India's longest distance train, was started in November 2011. Which of the following statements is / are correct ?
I. It starts from New Jalpaiguri and ends at Rameswaram
II. Its distance is approx 4286 km
III. The train passes through six states
1) I only
2) I and II only
3) II and III only
4) III and I only

14. India's longest distance train 'Vivek Express' was launched in November 2011. It is the ........... longest distance train in the world
1) Fifth
2) Sixth
3) Seventh
 4) Eighth
 
15. Chief Minister Mayawati announced a plan to divide Uttar Pradesh into four states - Purvanchal, Pashchim Pradesh, Bundelkhand and Awadh Pradesh on November 15, 2011. Which of the following has the highest population ?
1) Purvanchal
2) Pashchim Pradesh
3) Bundelkhand
4) Awadh Pradesh

16. Which part of Pakistan was in news in November 2011 for a NATO helicopter raid that killed Pakistan Army soldiers ?
1) Punjab
2) Sindh
3) Balochistan
4) Federally Administered Triabl Areas

17. Which country hosted the East Asia Summit (EAS) organised in November 2011 ?
1) Indonesia
2) Philippines
3) Singapore
4) Thailand

18. Where was the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) Summit organised in November 2011 ?
1) Phuket
2) Honolulu
3) Busan
4) Harbin

19. Which of the following became the first developed country to withdraw from the Kyoto Protocol in December 2011 ?
1) Japan
2) USA
3) Canada
4) Australia

20. Which of the following has announced the establishment of a research & innovation centre in India aimed at prevention of telecommunication crime across the globe in December 2011 ?
1) Interpol
2) NATO
3) OECD
4) EU

21. Which country has divided the world into 11 constituencies in order to give its diaspora the right to elect their own Members of Praliament for the first time ?
1) France
2) UK
3) Brazil
4) USA

22. The Economic Times Awards for Corporate Excellence 2011 were conferred on their winners in November 2011. Which of the following is / are matched correctly ?
I. Vijaya Malya - Business Leader of the year
II. Rahul Bhatia - Entrepreneur of the year
III. Nandan Nilekani - Policy Change Agent of the year
1) I only
2) I and II only
3) II and III only
4) III and I only

23. Which of the following have been allowed to decide the interest rate offered on savings bank accounts by the RBI as on November 30, 2011 ?
I. Urban Co-operative Banks II. Regional Rural Banks
III. Scheduled Commercial Banks
1) I only
2) I and II only
3) III and I only
4) I, II and III

24. India has signed an agreement with the ........... to enhance co-operation in combating Money laundering and Terrorist Financing on November 24, 2011.
1) OECD
2) World Bank
3) Eurasian Group
4) European Union

25. A two-day international conference " ....... for the World 2011" was organized by the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority of India (APED(a) in New Delhi in November 2011.
1) Rice
2) Tea
3) Coffee
4) Basmati

26. Which of the following has signed MoU with the Agriculture Ministry to collect and analyse data on foodgrain production and consumption in the country ?
1) National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
2) Centre for Monitoring of India Economy (CMIE)
3) National Institute of Finance Management (NIFM)
4) National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER)

27. Which of the following was in news in December 2011 for its report 'World Economic Situation and Prospects 2012' that has projected a growth rate of 7.7% for the Indian
economy in 2012 ?
1) UNCTAD
2) WEF
3) IMF
4) WTO

28. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on November 21, 2011 issued guidelines to allow NBFCs to start infrastructure debt funds (IDFs) to provide long-term finance in infrastructure.
Which of the following statements about requirements for NBFCs wanting to set up IDFs is / are correct ?
I. NBFCs should have been operational for at least five years
II. NBFCs should have minimum net owned funds of Rs. 300 crore
III. NBFCs should have a minimum a capital adquacy ratio of 9%
1) I only
2) I and II only
3) II and III only
4) III and I only

29. Microfinance institutions (MFI) were classified as a new category of non-banking financial company (NBF(c) by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in November 2011. Which of the following statements is / are correct ?
I. The minimum capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of NBFC - MFIs is 9 percent
II. A borrower of the NBFC - MFI cannot be a member of more than one self-help group or joint liability group
III. Not more than two NBFC - MFIs can lend to the same borrower
1) I only
2) I and II only
3) II and III only
4) III and I only

30. Which industry chamber is launching the National Knowledge Functional Hubs (NKFH) to enable leading industries and academic institutions in a region to come together as a "Hub" to facilitate mutually beneficial linkages ?
1) CII
2) IMC
3) FICCI
4) PHDCCI

31. Which of the following statements about the India Economic Summit 2011 organised from November 12 to 14, 2011 is / are correct ?
I. It was jointly organised by OECD and FICCI
II. It was organised in Mumbai
III. Linking Leadership with Livelihood was theme of the Summit
1) I only
2) I and II only
3) II and III only
4) III and I only

32. Which of the following was in news for its 'First Report to the People 2011' released in November 2011 ?
1) Planning Commission
2) National Advisory Council
3) National Innovation Council
4) National Integration Council

33. The government raised Rs. 22,763 crore through the sale of equity in public sector enterprises in 2010-11. What is the disinvestment target for 2011-12 according to Union Budget ?
1) Rs. 20,000 crore
2) Rs. 30,000 crore
3) Rs. 40,000 crore
4) Rs. 50,000 crore

34. .......... has launched India's first 'Carbon Index' that will rank companies on the basis of their carbon emissions. Companies which reduce their dependence on fossil fuel and become more energy efficient will get a higher ranking on the index
1) NSE
2) BSE
3) CRISIL
 4) ICRA

35. Which of the following is setting up a joint venture called 'India Gas Solutions' to focus on global sourcing and marketing of natural gas in the country in November 2011 ?
1) RIL
2) GAIL
3) ONGC
4) Essar Oil

36. Which of the following is jointly owned by government of India and Sterlite ?
1) BALCO
2) NMDC
3) NALCO
4) SAIL

37. How much is the maximum foreign direct investment (FDI) permitted in food processing
sector ?
1) 33%
2) 49%
3) 51%
4) 100%

38. What was the theme of the 31st India International Trade Fair (IITF) at Pragati Maidan in Delhi from November 14 to 27, 2011 ?
1) Turning Vision into Business
2) Indigenous Designs - Global Wonders
3) Infrastructure and Women Empowerment
4) Indian Handicrafs - the Magic of the Gifted Hands

39. Aaron D'souza and Richa Mishra are India's top-ranked players in which sport ?
1) Fencing
2) Rowing
3) Cycling
4) Swimming

40. Seventeen - year - old Hou Yifan of China is world's top ranked player in which sport ?
1) Badminton
2) Tennis
3) Squash
4) Chess

41. Which team was defeated by India to lift the Men's title at the Kabaddi World Cup organised in Ludhiana in November 2011 ?
1) China
2) Canada
3) Pakistan
4) Australia

42. Presidents Cup Golf tournament, organised in November 2011, is an annual tournament between :
1) USA and Asia
2) Europe and Asia
3) USA and Europe
4) USA and Rest of the World excluding Europe

43. Who among the following won the Player of the Series award in the India-West Indies Test series organised from November 6 to 22, 2011 ?
1) VVS Laxman
2) Rahul Dravid
3) Darren Bravo
4) Ravichandran Ashwin

44. Who among the following won the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix organised on November 13, 2011 ?
1) Sebastian Vettel
2) Jenson Button
3) Mark Webber
 4) Lewis Hamilton

45. Who among the following was named as the Women's Athlete of the Year by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) in November 2011 ?
1) Meseret Defar
2) Blanka Vlasic
3) Sally Pearson
4) Sanya Richards

46. Which bank in January 2012 was awarded Skock Financial Inclusion Award ?
1) State Bank of India
2) Bank of Baroda
3) Allahabad Bank
4) Punjab National Bank
5) ICICI Bank

47. In the 12th Five Year Plan, the government is committeed to allot ......... of GDP to infrastructure
1) 2%
2) 1.5%
3) 1%
4) 0.75%
5) 0.25%

48. Who among the following was appointed as the CMD of Maharashtra Bank in January 2012 ?
1) Narendra Singh
2) Vijay Kumar
3) Aakash Singh
4) Karuna Devi
5) Jai Goel

49. The Reserve Bank of India in January 2012 permitted all authorized forex dealing banks to grant permission to companies wanting to hedge price risk in any commodity except....
1) Gold
2) Silver
3) Platinum
4) Diamond
5) (1), (2) and (3)

50. Which bank in January 2012 started selling government bonds online, directly and without having to pay any brokerage or commission ?
1) ICICI Bank
2) IDIBI Bank
3) Bank of Baroda
4) All of these
5) None of these

51. Suzlon Energy Ltd. in January 2012 signed a pact with .......... for the development of 3000 megawatt wind capacity in the state
1) Tamilnadu
2) Andhra Pradesh
3) Kerala
4) Assam
5) Bihar

52. India's Reserve Bank in January 2012 eased rules for companies ........... to help boost economic growth
1) to borrow from domestic market 2) to borrow from overseas market
3) to offer public issues
4) All of these
5) None of these

53. Adani Enterprises Ltd. in January 2012 announced the commissioning of India's largest solar power plant in .................
1) Gujarat
2) Kerala
3) West Bengal
4) Tamil Nadu
5) Assam

54. The union cabinet in January 2012 approved the proposal for transfer of the Reserve Bank of India's stake in ........... to the government
1) NHB
2) CHB
3) NABARD
4) All of these
5) None of these

55. Who among the following in January 2012 was named as President of Samsung India ?
1) AK Sharma
2) BD Park
3) CD Narayan
4) MJ Misra
5) Anuj Rastogi

56. India in January 2012 cleared all payments for oil imports from ...............
1) Iraq
2) Iran
3) Afghanistan
4) Tanzania
5) None of these

57. The government in January 2012 cleared a euro 950 million deal to procure ........ air to air missiles from a French firm for IAF's Mirage 2000 air craft fleet
1) 300
2) 450
3) 500
 4) 600
5) 650

58. In a move to provide social security cover for overseas Indian workers, the union cabinet in January 2012 approved a............. fund
1) Pension and Life Insurance
2) Medical Benefit fund
3) Provident Fund
4) All of these
5) None of these

59. With which country India in December 2011 began talks on revising the double taxation avoidance pact ?
1) Mauritius
2) Malaysia
3) Indonesia
4) Thailand
5) Italy

60. Indian embassy in ................. in January 2012 urged its nationals not to do business in the eastern cities of the country
1) China
2) Japan
3) Pakistan
4) Canada
5) South Africa

61. With which country India in December 2011 agreed to a $ 15 billion currency swap line?
1) China
2) Canada
3) Japan
4) Indonesia
5) Malaysia

62. Anil Ambani group firm Reliance Power Ltd. in December 2011 commissioned another 3009 MW unit under its Rosa project in .............
1) Uttar Pradesh
2) West Bengal
3) Gujarat
4) Maharashtra
5) Rajasthan

63. The Reserve Bank of India in December 2011 deregulated interest rate on ............ in all state and central co-operative banks
1) current account
2) term deposits
3) saving accounts
4) recurring deposits
5) All of these

64. The fifth edition of the world future energy summit was held in Abu Dhabi from 16 to 19 January 2012. Abu Dhabi is the capital of .................
1) UAE
2) UK
3) Iraq
4) Iran

65. What is SHADE which was in news in January 2012 ?
1) A new pact among the naval forces of India, Japan and China
2) A new pact among the armed forces of India, Japan and China
3) A new pact among the naval forces of India, Japan and Russia
4) A new pact among the armed forces of India, Japan and Russia

66. The Union Cabinet of India on 24 January 2012 renamed the Mana Airport at Raipur as the ......... Airport, Raipur
1) Swami Vivekananda
2) Ramakrishna Paramhamsa
3) Mahatma Gandhi
4) Jawaharlal Nehru

67. Union Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee on 11 January 2012 launched the signature tune of the Indian Customs Pragati ki Dhadkan in New Delhi. Who is the composer ?
1) Jatin Lalit
2) A.R. Rahman
3) Aadesh Shrivastava
4) Pritam

68. The Cabinet Committee on Security recently approved the setting up of NCTC. What is the full from of NCTC ?
1) National Trade Co-operation
2) National Counter Terrorism Centre
3) National Central Terrorism Centre
4) National Council for Trade Co-operation

69. The Imam Al-Khoei Foundation building, a globally prominent Islamic cultural centre was struck by two Molotov cocktails on January 1, 2012. Where is it located ?
1) Brussels
2) Paris
3) Amman
4) New York

70. Which country joined the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on a two-year term as a non-permanent member on January 1, 2012 ?
1) Greece
2) Italy
3) Pakistan
4) Bangladesh

71. Gaza's Hamas Prime Minister hailed on January 2, 2012, the "martyrs'' killed when Israeili commandos stormed a Turkish vessel in 2010 trying to break the blockade of the Palestinian enclave. Who is he ?
1) Mir Ismail
2) Imran Nadir
3) Sikandar Parvez
4) Ismail Haniya

72. India signed agreement with OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) to check both tax evasion and avoidance. The head-quarters of OECD are in which of the following cities ?
1) Paris
2) London
3) New York
4) Washington DC

73. Whose record did Dutch teenager Laura Dekker break on 21 January 2012 when she became the youngest sailor to complete a solo circumnavigation of the world ?
1) Jessica Watson
2) Alena Ladev
3) Christianan Notham
4) Bisht Jove

74. At which of the following places did India sign MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) on tourism with ASEAN on 12 January 2012 ?
1) Manado
2) Hanoi
3) Manila
4) Singapore city

75. The Union government in January 2012 decided to subscribe to preferential equity shares issued by which of the two public sector banks ?
1) SBI & PNB
2) PNB & Union Bank
3) SBI & UCO
4) Bank of Baroda & Canara Bank

76. The Union government on 31 January 2012 revised the economic growth rate for 2010- 2011 financial year to what percent in comparison to the previous estimate of 8.5 percent?
1) 8%
 2) 8.4%
3) 7.5%
4) 7%

77. Which team coached by R.R. Jadeja won its second consecutive Ranji Trophy title by defeating Tamil Nadu at the MA Chidambaram stadium on 23 January 2012 ?
1) Karnataka
2) West Benal
3) Andhra Pradesh
4) Rajasthan

78. The 2012 men's final of the Australian Open went past the 2008 Wimbledon final time record, finishing after 5 hours and 53 minutes of play in January 2012. Who emerged winner in the epic final ?
1) Andy Murray
2) Roger Federer
3) Novak Djokovic
 4) Rafael Nadal

79. Name the woman tennis player who won her win first Grand Slam title by winning in the finals of the Australian Open 2012 in January 2012
1) Victoria Azarenka
 2) Svetlana Kuznetsova
3) Maria Sharapova
4) Caroline Wozniacki

80. Which footballer was awarded the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or on 9 January 2012 in Zurich for the third consecutive year for the world's outstanding footballer ?
1) Moniz Williams
2) Daryl Carpenter
3) Cristiano Ronaldo
4) Lionel Messi

81. Scientists in January 2012 announced to have identified a new gene in maize plants called
1) Meg 1
2) Meg 2
3) Meg 3
4) Meg 4

82. Who is the Governor of Odisha ?
1) Naveen Patnaik
2) Shantanu Mohapatra
3) Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare
4) V.S. Sampath
5) None of these

83. Who took over as the 19th Director General of the Indian Coast Guard ?
1) Anil Chopra
2) M.P. Muralidharan
3) Suresh Mehta
4) K.K. Kohli
5) None of these

84. India has declared itself free from ...............
1) Bird Flu (H5N1)
2) H1N1 (Swine Flu)
 3) AIDS
4) Tuberculosis
5) Cancer

85. The "7th North - East Business Summit" was held in ............ on January 06, 2012
1) West Bengal
2) Haryana
3) Himachal Pradesh
4) New Delhi
5) Punjab


86. Which among the following company in India's biggest oil marketer ?
1) Indian Oil Corporation
2) Hindustan Petroleum
3) Bharat Petroleum
4) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
5) None of these


87. Which among the following company is India's largest drug marker ?
1) Cipla
2) Piramal Helathcare
3) Ranbaxy
4) Cadila Healthcare
5) None of these

88. Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission aims at adding 20,000 MW solar power capacity in the country by .............
1) 2020
2) 2022
3) 2024
4) 2026
5) 2028

89. The Appointment Committee of the Cabinet has approved the extention of appointment of ............. as Secretary (Performance Management) and Chairman, National Authority for Chemical Weapons Convention, Cabinet Secretariat
1) Dr. Prajapati Trivedi
2) Dr. G. Narendra Kumar
3) Arun Kumar
4) Jeevan Lal
5) S.L. Kaushal

90. Which of the following countries will host the 18th SAARC Summit ?
1) India
2) Bhutan
3) Nepal
4) Pakistan
5) None of these

91. Parliament has approved the according of Constitutional Scheduled Tribal status to certain tribes in the North-Eastern states of Manipur and .............
1) Mizoram
2) Meghalaya
3) Sikkim
4) Arunachal Pradesh
5) Nagaland

92. Who will be the event managers of the Def Expo - 2012 ?
1) SEBI
2) FICCI
3) RBI
4) ASSOCHAM
5) None of these

93. Prof. Parvin Sinclair has been appointed the new Director of the ................
1) IGNOU
2) NCERT
3) AIIMS
4) BHU
5) SERC

94. Who has been appointed as the Managing Director of National Co-operative Development Corporation ?
1) S.K. Goel
2) Ranjit Sinha
3) Ravi Kanth
4) Chandra Bhushan Paliwal
5) None of these

95. Who has taken over as the new Financial Commissioner (FC) (Railways) and ex-officio Secretary to the Government of India ?
1) Harish Agarwal
2) Vijaya Kanth
3) Pompa Babbar
4) Samar Jha
5) None of these

96. The .......... Annual Session of the Indian Science Congress was organized in Bhubaneshwar.
1) 96th
2) 97th
3) 98th
 4) 99th
5) 100th

97. Who has received the Mahatma Gandhi International Award for Peace and Reconciliation in Bodh Gaya, Bihar ?
1) Aung San Suu Kyi
2) Nelson Mandela
3) Julius Nyerere
4) Dalai Lama
 5) None of these

98. Which of the following books is written by Mark Tully ?
1) Al Viento yal Azar
2) Great Expectation
3) The Best Thing About You is You
4) Non Stop India
5) None of these

99. The 15th World Sanskrit Conference was held in ................. .
1) Mumbai
2) Kyoto
3) New Delhi
4) Gujarat
5) Helsinki

100. Who took over charge as the Director General, Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis?
1) Dr. Arvind Gupta
2) N.S. Sisodia
3) P.S. Bhalla
4) Gokul Chandra Pati
5) None of these

101. The Prime Minister of ............. Kamla Persad Bissessar was the Chief Guest in the 10th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas.
1) Trinidad and Tobago
2) Tajikistan
3) Tunisia
4) Turkmenistan
5) Tanzania

102. Which country has successfully launched a meteorological satellite Fengyun - II 07 ?
1) Pakistan
2) Bhutan
3) Myanmar
4) China
5) None of these

103. India signed Memorandum of Understanding on Tourism with ............. .
1) SAARC
2) OPEC
3) ASEAN
4) European Union
5) World Bank

104. The ASEAN - India Tourism Ministers held their third meeting in Manado, .......... .
1) Malaysia
2) Indonesia
3) China
4) Philippines
5) Singapore

105. Who chaired the third meeting of the Global Advisory Council of Overseas Indians on 8 January 2012 at Jaipur ?
1) Sonia Gandhi
2) Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia
3) Dr. Manmohan Singh
4) E. Ahamad
5) None of these

106. Who is the new Prime Minister of Spain ?
1) Marjano Rajoy
2) Felipe Gonzalez
3) Jose Luis
4) Jose Maria
5) None of these

107. The Seventeenth National Youth Festival was held in .......... from 12th to 16th January, 2012
1) Bengaluru
2) New Delhi
3) Jaipur
4) Mangalore
5) Kolkata

108. Who has been conferred the "Maharashtrian of the Year" award by Marathi newspaper 'Lokmat' ?
1) Amitabh Bachchan
2) Hrithik Roshan
3) Shahrukh khan
4) John Abraham
5) None of these

109. Who has received the Degree of Doctor of Literature from the Tripura Central University?
1) Aung San Suu Kyi
2) Kamla Persad Bissessar
3) Sheikh Hasina
4) Bakhtawar Bhutto Zardari
5) None of these

110. India and ........... will co-operate in Infrastructure Sector
1) Jordan
2) Jamaica
 3) Japan
4) Russia
5) France

111. Next Regional Pravasi Bharatiya Divas - 2012 will be held in ........... for the Gulf region
1) Dubai
2) Toronto
3) Tehran
4) Karachi
5) Kabul

112. Who was won the Men's Single Title at the Malaysia Open Superseries Badminton Tournament ?
1) Kenichi Tago
2) Lee Chong Wei
3) Lin Dan
4) Chen Long
5) None of these

113. People's national party recently won Parliamentary elections in Jamaica. What is the capital of Jamaica ?
1) Amman
2) Kingston
3) Port Antonio
4) Michigan
5) None of these

114. India and .............. have agreed to enhance their co-operation in the infrastructure sector
1) Japan
2) Jamaica
3) Jordan
4) Kenya
5) Kuwait

115. Health Authorities in Australia recently detected Deadly Disease, Murray Valley Encephalitis. The disease is caused by the ..............
1) Flies
2) Mosquitoes
3) Birds
4) Dogs
5) Hens

116. Who has won the Men's Singles title at the Syed Modi Memorial Indian Open Grand Prix Gold Badminton Tournament 2011 ?
1) Sourabh Verma
2) Taufik Hidayat
3) Anup Sridhar
4) Sung Hyun Ko
5) None of these

117. The world's first hybrid shark has been found off the east coast of ..........
1) Australia
2) Austria
3) America
4) Argentina
5) Azerbaijan

118. Who amongst the following is the author of the book "When Loss is Gain" ?
1) M.J. Akbar
2) Suketu Mehta
3) Rajmohan Gandhi
4) Pavan K. Varma
5) None of these

119. Which State Government launched its Panch Parmeshwar scheme on 9 January 2012?
1) Meghalaya
2) Manipur
3) Mizoram
4) Madhya Pradesh
5) None of these

120. How many researchers were honoured with the Infosys Prize - 2011 by the former President, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam ?
1) Four
2) Five
3) Six
4) Seven
5) Eight

121. Who has been conferred with the first S.K. Singh Award for excellence in the Indian Foreign Service ?
1) Jawed Usmani
2) P.K. Chaudhary
3) Rita Menon
4) D. Bala Venkatesh Verma
5) None of these

122. Normally Banks accept Fixed Deposits for a minimum period of ..............
1) 7 days
2) 14 days
3) 21 days
4) 28 days
5) 1 Month

123. Who has been honoured with the Mallikarjun Mansur Award ?
1) Ustad Hafiz Ali Khan
 2) Ustad Ali Akbar Khan
3) Ustad Amjad Ali Khan
4) Ustad Mohammad Ameer Khan
5) None of these

124. Which state's Tourism Development Corporation has been conferred with the 'Best State Tourism Board of the Year' award recently by the Union Minister for Tourism Subodhkant Sahay ?
1) Kolkata
2) Punjab
3) Haryana
4) Madhya Pradesh
5) Uttar Pradesh

125. President Pratibha Patil became the first woman to have flown in a Naval offshore patrol vessel. Name the vessel
1) INS Sukhoi
2) INS Sumedha
3) INS Subhadra
4) INS Sumitra
5) INS Shubhra

126. The next Del Expo, which is an event for global defence hardware manufacturers and suppliers, is to be held from March 29 - April 1, 2012. Which city is going to host it ?
1) Bengaluru
2) New Delhi
3) Chennai
4) Hyderabad
5) Gurgaon

127. Recently, Union Ministry has approved Rs. 3124 crore package for two irrigation projects in UP. One of the projects is 'Restoring capacity of Sharda Sahayak Project' and the other is ?
1) Gomti bachao Andolan
2) Lakhwar Vyasi Project
3) Tehri Dam Project
4) Sarayu Nahar Pariyojna
5) Kishau Dam Project

128. Prime Minister declared 2012 as the "National Mathematical Year" and December 22, the birthday of which prominent mathematician of India, as the National Mathematical Day which is to be celebrated every year ?
1) APJ Abdul Kalam
2) Aryabhatt
3) Brahmagupta
4) Bhaskara II
5) Srinivas Ramanjujan

129. India and Oman have extended the validity of MoU for five years till 2015. They have signed the treaty on co-operation in which of the following sectors ?
1) Space Co-operation
2) Oil and Petroleum
 3) Human Resources
4) IT
5) Defence

130. President Pratibha Devisingh Patil unveiled the launch facility of what, at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh ?
1) A ship vessel
2) A rocket
3) A special vessel
4) ATV channel
5) A book

131. Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalitha announced a Rs. 700 crore package to provide immediate assistance to the victims of which of the following natural calamities in addition to Rs. 150 crore ?
1) Flood
2) Waves Tsunami
3) Hurricane Katrina
4) Cyclone Thane
5) Earthquakes

132. Mukul Wasnik gave away Dr. Ambedkar National Merit Award in a function held in Mumbai. Dr. Ambedkar Foundation comes under the patronage of which Ministry ?
1) Ministry of Home Affairs
2) Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
3) Ministry of corporate Affairs
4) Ministry of Finance
5) Ministry of Cultural Affairs

133. Which state has recently, allocated Rs. 2020 crore for developing Human Resources, an initiative for the labour sector ?
1) Arunachal Pradesh
2) Maharashtra
3) Bihar
4) Chattisgarh
5) Taniml Nadu

134. India has, recently, tied Bilateral Air Services Agreement (BASA) along with other areas of co-operation like, health, cultural and education with which country ?
1) Trinidad and Tobago
2) Maldives
3) Sri Lanka
4) Spain
5) Mauritius

135. Who will be hosting Indian Science Congress in the year 2013 ?
1) Chennai
2) Kathmandu
3) New Delhi
4) Kolkata
5) West Bengal

136. Department of Science and Technology, Government of India is setting up the world's largest solar telescope in which region of J & K ?
1) Leh
2) Ladakh
3) Udhampur
4) Srinagar
5) Doda

137. Consider the following statements about National Land Records Modernization Programme, NLRMP
A) The Government has recently approved the creation of three NLRMP Centres in the country
B) The three centres will be located at Salboni in West Bengal, Union territory of Puducherry and at Berhampur
C) The Government has sanctioned about 196 lakh rupees for each of the centres during the financial year 2011-12
Which of the above statement is / are true ?
1) Only A
 2) Only B
3) Only C
4) All A, B and C
5) None of these

138. The Tamil Nadu Government decided to start an .......... at a cost of Rs. 6,653 crore
1) 'International Rural Development Scheme
2) 'Integrated Slum Development Scheme'
3) 'Integrated Urban Development Scheme
4) 'Integrated Infrastructure Development Scheme
5) None of these

139. Recently, Asian Development Bank approved a whopping USD 800 million loan for development of Chaohu Lake. Where is the lake located ?
1) Britain
2) Japan
3) China
4) Argentina
5) Egypt

140. Recently a country carried out a successful test of a short - range interceptor missile as a part of its efforts to develop a domestic missile defence shield. Which country is it ?
1) China
2) Bhutan
3) US
4) Russia
5) India

141. Who designed the bronze statue of Steve Jobs which was unveiled in Hungary after he died on October 5, 2011 ?
1) Markus Csaba
2) Erno Toth
3) Ference Friedrich
4) Janos Kalmae
5) Emo Rubik

142. The Russian Military has successfully test launched two intercontinental nuclear capable missiles. Name the missiles ?
1) Bulava Missiles
2) Soviet - era Missiles
3) Brimstone Missiles
4) Black Arrow Missiles
5) Exocet Missiles

143. China has signed a 10 billion Yuan (USDI 1.6 bn) currency swap deal with which of the following countries to promote bilateral financial co-operation ?
1) India
2) Russia
3) Germany
4) Japan
5) Pakistan

144. China has test run its latest high speed train that can reach a maximum speed of 500 kmph. The design of this train is inspired by China's ancient
1) Cloth
2) Pen
3) Gun
4) Sword
5) Dragon

145. Which among the following countries has recently succeded in building and testing the country's first unclear fuel rod ?
1) Iran
2) Iraq
3) Kazakhstan
4) Egypt
5) Russia

146. Which institution has, recently, allocated Rs. 2000 crore for building warehouses which will help in facilitating distribution of foodgrain to poor under the proposed Food Security Act ?
1) Reserve Bank of India (RBI) 2) Ministry of Food and Agriculture
3) Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)
4) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
5) Export Import Bank (EXIM)

147. Which Indian stock exchange has become the fifth largest commodity futures exchange in the world ?
1) Bombay Stock Exchange
2) MCX Stock Exchange
3) National Stock Exchange of India
4) Multi Commodity Exchange
5) Delhi Stock Exchange

148. Uttar Pradesh has borrowed a credit of USD 152 million from which international financial institution to build and improve health outcomes ?
1) ASEAN
2) SAARC
3) IMF
4) World Bank
5) IDA

149. According to Price water house Coopers 'Capital Markets in 2025' report, which country will be among the most popular region for future listing destinations ?
1) Australia
2) Laos
3) Greece
4) India
5) Middle East

150. Which among the following is TRUE in regards with Tea in India ?
A) India imports Tea solely for re-export to other countries
B) Tea imports dipped by 14% in April - October, 2011
C) India imports Tea largely from Kenya, Malaysia, Argentina, Iran, Sri Lanka
1) Both A & C
2) Only A
3) Only C
4) Both B & C
5) All A, B & C

151. NTPC has agreed on investing aprox Rs. 18,347 crore on thermal power projects, namely Kudgi and Vindhyachal in two states. Name these states
1) Punjab and Karnataka
2) Karnataka and Haryana
3) Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh
4) Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
5) Pondicherry and Madhya Pradesh

152. NTPC has signed an agreement with which state's power trading company for supply of power from a 50-MW solar photovoltic power plant ?
1) Kerala
2) Karnataka
3) Uttar Pradesh
4) Madhya Pradesh
5) Maharashtra

153. In a major policy decision, GOI has allowed whom to directly invest in Indian equity market in order to widen the class of investors, attract more foreign funds and reduce market volatility ?
1) Non Resident Indian (NRIs)
2) Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs)
3) Qualified Foreign Investors (QFIs)
4) Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs)
5) Sub - account holders

154. Which bank had pledged to provide a credit to the City Development Fund (CDF) for six drinking water projects in Nepal ?
1) NABARD
2) ADB
3) IDBI
4) SIDBI
5) World Bank

155. To protect consumers from unscrupulous malpractices, GOI has approved a proposal making hallmarking mandatory for which of the following commodities ?
1) Milk
2) Ghee
3) Oil
4) Gold
5) Flour

156. The Reserve Bank of India has reaised the annual limit of Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs) for companies from $ 500 million in a fiscal year to ........... under the automatic route
1) $ 700 million
2) $ 550 million
3) $ 600 million
4) $ 750 million
5) $ 800 million

157. The Union Cabinet has approved the transfer of the RBI's stake in which of the bank to the government and the process is likely to be completed by March - end ?
1) IDBI
2) SIDBI
3) National Housing Bank (NHB)
4) SBI
5) NABARD

158. Recently, SIDBI inked an MoU with which bank to provide Rs. 100 crore capital to micro, small and medium enterprises ?
1) State Bank of Maharashtra
2) State Bank of India
3) Indian Overseas Bank
4) Punjab and Sindh Bank
5) Canara Bank

159. Which area among following is growing to become an area of concern for Indian Industries in the near future ?
1) Power supply
2) Food supply
3) Animal skin
4) Mineral supply
5) water supply

160. The Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited, has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with which state government for huge investment to the tune of Rs. 42,000 crores for various projects ?
1) Karnataka
2) Odisha
3) Andhra Pradesh
4) Chattisgarh
5) Jharkhand

161. How many Indians have appeared in the Forbes 'Tomorrow's brightest Starts ?'
1) 20
2) 10
3) 25
4) 30
5) 5

162. US topped the Charities Aid Foundation's (CAF) list in 2011. What is the position of India in the list ?
1) 142nd
2) 78th
3) 91st
4) 100th
5) 84th

163. Who is the top Indian - American fundraiser at President Obama's re-election campaign who has made it to the prestigious list of the 'Most Powerful and Influential Women' of California ?
1) Preeta Bansal
2) Anisha Dasgupta
3) Kavita Patel
4) Sonal Shah
5) Shefali Razdan Duggal

164. President Obama has topped the list of the 'Most Admired People of the year 2011'. Who is the other person, who has also topped this list 16 times already, along with him ?
1) Warren Buffet
2) Bill Clinton
3) Hillary Clinton
4) Sarah Palin
5) Michelle Obama

165. According to a report by Political & Economic Risk Consultancy Ltd., a Hong Kong based firm, Indian Bureaucracy is worst in Asia. Which of the following countries has best bureaucracy in Asia ?
1) China
2) Japan
3) Singapore
 4) South Korea
5) Malaysia

166. Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh paid a visit in December 2011 to ..........
1) Tokyo
2) Moscow
3) Melbourne
4) Wellington

167. Annual Defence Diologue was held in December 2011 between India and ............
1) Russia
2) Pakistan
3) China
 4) Afghanistan

168. Who have been awarded with FIFA World Player of the Year 2011 Trophy ?
1) Lionel Messi
2) Christiano Ronaldo
3) Xavi Fernandez
4) None of the above

169. Uttarakhand state cabinet on October 29, 2011 cleared Uttarakhand Lokayukta Bill, 2011.
Consider the following features of the bill ........
i) The Chief Minister of the state, all ministers, MLAs and lower judiciary will be under the
purview of Lokayukta
ii) Judges of the Uttarakhand High Court will not be covered under the purview of Lokayukta
Choose the right option ......
1) Both (i) and (ii) are correct
2) Only (i) is correct
3) Only (ii) is correct
4) Neither (i) nor (ii) is correct

170. Which Bengali film was selected as a inaugural film at the 11th edition of River to River Florence Indian Film Festival, 2011, in Florence, Italy in December 2011 ?
1) Chaplin
2) Bedroom
3) Khokababu
 4) 100% Love

171. Name the legendary Bollywood playback singer who entered the Guinness World Records for the most number of single studio recordings ?
1) Suchitra Krishnamurthy
2) Lata Mangeshkar
3) Asha Bhonsle
4) Shreya Ghoshal

172. Which one of the following became the first Indian state to launch health insurance policy covering all its people ?
1) Goa
2) Haryana
3) Bihar
4) Kerala

173. Which one of the following state governments announced free housing for schedule Castes living in jhuggis under the Rajiv Ratna Yojana ?
1) Delhi
2) Tamil Nadu
3) Kerala
4) Uttar Pradesh

174. Name the Indian Union Minister who represented India at the meeting of the Heads of Governments of the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation (SCO) in St. Petersburg on November 7, 2011
1) Union Power Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde
2) Union Minister of External Affairs S.M. Krishna
3) Union Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises Vilasrao Deshmukh
4) Union Minister of New and Renewable Energy Dr. Farooq Abduallah

175. Which one of the following ministries launched a scheme, Adivasi Shiksha Yojana on November 2, 2011 ?
1) Tribal Affairs Ministry
2) Home Ministry
3) Ministry of Rural Development
4) Ministry of Power

176. Social activist who was chosen for the Basava award for the year 2010 for excellence in service in the social sector by the Karnataka State Government ?
1) C.R. Neelakandan
2) Reetika Khera
3) Medha Patkar
4) Arun Roy

177. Which one of the following governments launched Kishori scheme for adolescent girls ?
1) Delhi state government
2) Haryana state government
3) Bihar state government
4) Odisha state government

178. The Golden Peacock award for the Best film was given to which of the following films at the 42nd International Film Festival of India which came to an end at the Kala Academy in Panaji, Goa on December 3, 2011 ?
1) Russian Film Elena
2) In Israeli Film Restoration
3) Columbian Film Porfirio
4) Malayalam Film Adaminte Makun Abu

179. Reader of international travel magazine Conde Nast Traveller voted wich city in Rajasthan as the best leisure destination in India ?
1) Jaipur
2) Udaipur
3) Jaisalmer
4) Bikaner

180. The book 'Non-Stop India' by a journalist - author was recently launched. Name the journalist-author who authored the book ?
1) Mark Tully
2) Sophie Raworth
3) Jane Hill
4) Babita Sharma

181. The 40th Anniversary of Vijay Diwas was celebrated on which day marking the finest hour of the Indian armed forces when they defeated Pakistan, leading to the creation of Bangladesh in 1971 ?
1) December 12
2) December 15
3) December 16
4) December 18

182. Name the Rashtriya Lok Dal (RLD) leader who was inducted into the Union Cabinet as Civil Aviation Minister on December 18, 2011 ?
1) Ajit Singh
2) Jayant Chaudhary
3) Devendra Nagpal
4) Sanjay Singh Chauhan

183. Where was the midnight international marathon held recently ?
1) Bangalore
 2) Mumbai
3) Delhi
4) Kolkata

184. Which country is set to open military base in Indian Ocean ?
1) Russia
2) North Korea
3) China
4) None of the above

185. Which bank has been selected as best public sector bank in India ?
1) SBI
2) PNB
3) ICICI
4) Bank of Baroda

186. Name the NRI architect who won Glory of India Award and Certificate of Excellence recently ?
1) Ar Mohammed Arun
2) Surendra Kumar Kaushik
3) S.R. Nathan
4) None of the above

187. Who is the 2nd person to score double century in One-day International Cricket ?
1) Virendar Sehwag
2) Rahu Dravid
3) R. Ashwin
4) M.S. Dhoni

188. Name the Iranian teenager who won World Snooker title recently
1) Hossein Vafaei Ayouri
2) Lee Walkar
3) Steve Mizerak
4) None of the above

189. Who among the following was associated with Velvet Revolution ?
1) Kim Jong-il
2) Vachav Havel
3) Wangari Mathai
4) None of the above

190. As per the latest figures released by the Ministry of Agriculture, the per capita per day foodgrain availability in India stands at ........
1) 280 gm
2) 440 gm
3) 580 gm
4) 900 gm

191. The both houses of the Parliament have passed the Bill of raising paid-up capital of Life Insurance Corporation of India in December 2011. This Bill after the notification as Act will raise the paid-up capital to ..........
1) Rs. 25 crore
2) Rs. 50 crore
3) Rs. 100 crore
4) Rs. 200 crore

192. United Nations Organisation (UNO) has declared to celebrate 2012 as ........
1) Year of Co-operatives
2) Year of Banking
3) Year of Global Recovery
4) Year of Prosperity

193. RBI in its third-quarter monetary policy review of 2011-12 on January 24, 2012 has reduced Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) .........
1) From 6.5% to 6.0%
2) From 6.5% to 5.5%
3) From 6% to 5.5%
4) From 6% to 5%

194. After the announcement of RBI's third quarter review of monetary policy 2011-12, which of the following rate remains the lowest ?
1) Bank Rate
2) Cash Reserve Ratio
3) Repo Rate
4) Reserve Repo Rate

195. Which is the first Indian Bank to open a branch in Saudi Arabia ?
1) AXIS Bank
2) SBI
3) ICIBI Bank
4) Central Bank of India

196. Which country possesses the largest gold jewelry market in the world ?
1) India
2) UAE
3) China
4) USA

197. The cheque / draft validity period is being revised w.e.f. April 1, 2012. What is true regarding stipulation ?
1) From one year to 9 months
2) From 6 months to 3 months
3) From 6 months to one month
4) From 3 months to one month

198. Forward Markets Commission is a financial regulator of ..........
1) Micro Finance
2) Mutual Funds
3) Non-life Insurance
4) Commodity Future Markets

199. Life insurance companies have been allowed to approach capital markets with their public issued by IRDA. What is the eligibility norm for insurance companies to be permitted to adopt this approach ?
1) Insurance companies require to be ten years old
2) Insurance companies require to show profits for the last three years
3) Insurance companies doing business of more than Rs. 10,000 crore would be eligible
4) All of the above

200. The new Chairman of FIEO (Federation of Indian Export Organisation) taken charge in January 2012 is ............
1) Reeta Menon
2) M. Rafeeque Ahmed
3) Rajendra Pawar
4) Lalit K. Panwar

ANSWERS:

1. 1 2. 4 3. 1 4. 3 5. 4 6. 2 7. 1 8. 2 9. 4 10. 3
11. 1 12. 3 13. 3 14. 4 15. 4 16. 4 17. 1 18. 2 19. 3 20. 1
21. 1 22. 3 23. 2 24. 3 25. 4 26. 4 27. 1 28. 2 29. 3 30. 3
31. 3 32. 3 33. 34. 2 35. 1 36. 1 37. 4 38. 4 39. 4 40. 4
41. 2 42. 4 43. 4 44. 4 45. 3 46. 4 47. 5 48. 1 49. 5 50. 2
51. 2 52. 2 53. 2 54. 1 55. 2 56. 2 57. 3 58. 1 59. 1 60. 1
61. 3 62. 1 63. 3 64. 1 65. 1 66. 1 67. 3 68. 2 69. 4 70. 3
71. 4 72. 1 73. 1 74. 1 75. 1 76. 4 77. 4 78. 3 79. 1 80. 4
81. 1 82. 3 83. 2 84. 1 85. 4 86. 1 87. 3 88. 4 89. 1 90. 3
91. 5 92. 2 93. 2 94. 4 95. 2 96. 4 97. 4 98. 4 99. 3 100. 1
101. 1 102. 4 103. 3 104. 2 105. 3 106. 1 107. 4 108. 2 109. 3 110. 4
111. 1 112. 3 113. 2 114. 1 115. 5 116. 2 117. 1 118. 4 119. 4 120. 3
121. 5 122. 1 123. 3 124. 4 125. 3 126. 2 127. 4 128. 5 129. 5 130. 2
131. 4 132. 2 133. 5 134. 1 135. 4 136. 2 137. 3 138. 3 139. 3 140. 4
141. 2 142. 1 143. 5 144. 4 145. 1 146. 4 147. 2 148. 4 149. 4 150. 5
151. 3 152. 4 153. 3 154. 2 155. 4 156. 4 157. 3 158. 3 159. 5 160. 3
161. 2 162. 3 163. 5 164. 3 165. 3 166. 2 167. 3 168. 1 169. 1 170. 1
171. 3 172. 1 173. 1 174. 1 175. 1 176. 3 177. 2 178. 3 179. 4 180. 1
181. 3 182. 1 183. 1 184. 3 185. 4 186. 1 187. 1 188. 2 189. 2 190. 3
191. 3 192. 1 193. 3 194. 2 195. 2 196. 1 197. 2 198. 4 199. 1 200. 2

Thursday, July 19, 2012

Derek o’ Brian became the First Anglo-Indian to Vote in Presidential Election

Derek o’ Brian, the Rajya Sabha MP from West Bengal became the first Anglo Indian to vote in Presidential Elections in India. Brian, a Trinamool Congress MP, cast his vote in Kolkata.

As per the constitution of India an MP who has been nominated by the President to either of the house of the Indian Parliament is not eligible for casting vote in Presidential election. In 545-member Lok Sabha, there are two seats reserved for the persons from Anglo-Indian community. The two Anglo-Indian members are nominated by the President of India.
In Rajya Sabha, there are twelve members, who are nominated by the President and can not vote in Presidential election.
Article 80 (3) of the Constitution of India provides that the members to be nominated by the President to Rajya Sabha should have special knowledge or practical experience in matters like literature, science, art and social service.
Article 84 (b) stipulates that a person shall be of not less than 30 (Thirty) years of age.

Who are Anglo-Indians:
Anglo-Indians are people with mixed Indian and British ancestry, or people who have British descent born or living in the Indian Subcontinent or Burma, now mainly historical in the latter sense.

Wednesday, July 18, 2012

Group - II Limited Recruitment Prohibition & Exice Sub-Inspector Exam

                                                           

North Korea awarded the Title of Marshal to its Top Leader Kim Jong Un

Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) on 18 July 2012 awarded the title of Marshal to its top leader Kim Jong Un. The decision to confer the title on Kim was taken by nation's top military brass and government officials on 17 July 2012.
Kim Jong Un rose to helm of Communist Nation following the death of his father Kim Jong Il in December 2011. Since then he has been serving as supreme commander of the Korean People's Army.
Kim Jong Il was named the Marshal of North Korea following the death of his father Kim Il Sung in July 1994.  The death of Il on 17 December 2011left the position of Marshal vacant for nearly seven months. Kim Jong Il was posthumously made grand marshal, the nation's top military title, in February 2012.
Before formally being named the Marshal, Kim Jong Un carried out a high-profile reshuffle in the country’s army, which saw the chief of the army, Ri Yong Ho being sacked from all posts due to illness on 16 July 2012.Subsequently a less renowned military general, Hyon Yong Chol took over as the vice marshal on 17 July 2012.

Incidents of Child Marriages fell significantly in India: Annual Health Survey Report

According to the data released by first Annual Health Survey (AHS), conducted by the census authorities, the incidents of child marriage fell significantly over the past few years. The data was released on 16 April 2012.
The AHS, world’s largest demographic survey, was carried out by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in collaboration with the Registrar General of India (RGI) and Ministry of Home Affairs of India. The survey was conducted in all 284 districts of the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states that includes Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and Assam. The nine states account for half of the country’s population. The project was launched to assess the impact of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in all 284 districts. Until recently the only reliable source of such health data was the National Family Health Survey, which the health ministry has now discontinued.
The survey was conducted by private agencies under the supervision of RGI. The key findings of the latest reports of the survey are as follows:
•  One-fifth of marriages in Bihar between 2007-09 involved women under 18.
•  In Jharkhand, the proportion of child marriage went down from 60 percent to 18 percent earlier.
•  Rajasthan with 22 percent cases of child marriage has the highest proportion of women under 18 getting married.

•  Contraceptive use remains low despite improvements in several regions.
•  Among the 9 states, Bihar has the lowest contraceptive use with just over a third of women aged 15-49 using any method of contraception.
•  Sitapur in UP emerged as the district with the lowest contraceptive use as only 20 percent of women found using any method of contraception.
•  Condition of maternal and infant health is still the subject of worry.
•  Less than 5 percent of women in UP had a full ante natal check-up.
•  Chhattisgarh, with 20 percent full ante-natal check-up, emerged as the best-performing of these states.
•  Less than half of pregnant women in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh have safe deliveries.
•  UP, Bihar and Uttarakhand saw 40 percent of safe deliveries.

Monday, July 16, 2012

APPSC JUNIOR ASSTS. IN ENGINEERING LABS (GROUP-II LIMITED) EXAM G.S. SOLVED PAPER

                                                           

Sunday, July 15, 2012

Five reasons why a drought in India won't matter

Droughts are those creeping sorts of natural disasters that grab us unawares. Or are they? The south-west (June-September) monsoon, that gives almost 75% of India's annual rainfall, is erratic in one out of four years.
With wide variations in agro-climatic zones, drought is guaranteed somewhere in the country each year, affecting about 50 million people.

Changing weather patterns have accelerated drought attacks. There were six between 1900 and 1950 and 12 in the following 50 years. We have already faced three droughts between 2000 and 2009.

So, if this monsoon produces droughts in some areas - we are nowhere close to that possibility right now - do we have to worry? Not really. There are five reasons for this.

WE HAVE LEARNT TO MANAGE DROUGHTS

After the 2002-03 drought, the government developed a standard operating procedure on how to tackle water shortage for humans, cattle and crops. Once a drought is officially declared, several things happen at once. The Central government starts rescheduling farm loans, moving water and fodder by rail, hiking food allocation to poor families, creating more jobs. A ministerial task force is set up to take rapid decisions.

Drought-declared states are monitored individually by the Centre. The Essential Commodities Act is used to prevent hoarding, and states get cash for relief programmes. The upshot of these moves is that even though the majority of India's poor families live in rain-fed areas, destitution from loss of farm income is considerably less.

AMPLE FOOD IS AVAILABLE

Even a 20% drop in rice production this year will not impact supply after the record harvest last season. The government is holding enough rice and wheat to supply ration shops for three years. This puts a ceiling on consumer foodgrain prices. A sugar shortage is unlikely because sugarcane is grown on irrigated land. Besides, India has plenty left over from last season that can be diverted from exports to the domestic market.

Punters may be betting on a shortage in edible oils and pulses. But the summer's production loss can be compensated by a good winter crop of oil-rich mustard seed and chickpea, India's largest pulse crop. As almost half the edible oils and a fifth of the pulses consumed annually are imported, price and availability are anyway decided by international markets.

Importing a tad extra won't send the market into frenzy. Even coarse grain, mostly fed to livestock and chickens, may eventually not be scarce as more land is being planted with these hardy crops. But consumers will feel the pinch of more expensive green vegetables as fewer farmers in rain-fed areas would be willing to invest in these high-value crops. Milk and meat will also become dearer as fodder prices rise.

Saturday, July 14, 2012

ANDHRA PRADESH BUDGET 2012-13 HIGHLIGHTS (TELUGU)

                                                           

Agricultural Development Programmes

S.No. Agricultural Development Programme Year of Beginning Objective/Description
 1  Intensive Agriculture Development Program (IADP) 1960 To provide loan , seeds , fertilizer tools to the farmers.
 2  Intensive Agriculture Area Program (IAAP) 1964 To develop the special harvest.
 3  High Yielding Variety Program (HYVP) 1966 To increase productivity of foodgrains by adopting latest varieties of inputs for crops.
 4  Green Revolution 1966 To increase the foodrains , specially food production.
 5  Nationalization of 4 banks 1969 To provide loans for agriculture , rural development and other priority sector.
 6  Marginal Farmer and Agriculture Labor Agency (MFALA) 1973 For technical and financial assistance to marginal and small farmer and agricultural labor. 
 7  Small Farmer Development Agency (SFDA) 1974 For technical and financial assistance to small farmers.
 8  Farmer Agriculture Service Centres (FASC) 1983 To popularize the use of improved agricultural instruments and tool kits. 
 9  Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme 1985 For insurance of agricultural crops.
 10  Agricultural and Rural Debt Relief Scheme (ARDRS) 1990 To exempt bank loans upto Rs. 10,000 of rural artisans and weaver.
 11 Intensive Cotton Development Programme (ICDP) 2000 To enhance the production, per unit area through (a) technology transfer, (b) supply of quality seeds, (c) elevating IPM activities/ and (d) providing adequate and timely supply of inputs to the farmers .
 12 Minikit Programme for Rice, Wheat & Coarse Cereals 1974 To increase the productivity by popularising the use of newly released hybrid/high yielding varieties and spread the area coverage under location specific high yielding varieties/hybrids.
 13 Accelerated Maize Development Programme (AMDP) 1995 To increase maize production and productivity in the country from 10 million tonnes to 11.44 million tonnes and from 1.5 tonnes/hectare to 1.80 tonnes/hectare respectively upto the terminal year of 9th Plan i.e. 2001-2002 (revised).
 14 National Pulses Development Project (NPDP) 1986 To increase the production of pulses in the country to achieve self sufficiency.
 15 Oil Palm Development Programme (OPDP) 1992 To promote oil palm cultivation in the country.
 16 National Oilseeds and Vegetable Oils development Board (NOVOD) 1984 The main functions of the NOVOD Board are very comprehensive and cover the entire gamut of activities associated with the oil seeds and vegetable oil industry including – production, marketing, trade, storage, processing, research and development, financing and advisory role to the formulation of integrated policy and programme of development of oil seeds and vegetable oil.
 17 Coconut Development Board 1981 To increase production and productivity of coconut
To bring additional area under coconut in potential  non-traditional areas
To develop new technologies for product  diversification and by-product utilisation
To strengthen mechanism for transfer of technologies
To elevate the income level of small and marginal farmers engaged in coconut cultivation.
To build up sound information basis for coconut industry and market information
To generate ample employment opportunities in the rural sector.
 18 Watershed Development Council (WDC) 1983 Central Sector Scheme(HQ Scheme)

Various Development Programmes

S.No. Development Programmes Year of Beginning Objective/Description
 1  Housing and Urban Development Corporation 1970 Loans for the development of housing and provision of resources for technical assistance.
 2  Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) 1993 To sanction Rs. 1 Crore per year to every member of Parliament for various development works in their respective areas through DM districts.
 3  Scheme for Infrastructural Development in Mega Cities (SIDMC) 1993 To provide capital through special institutions for water supply, sewage, , drainage, urban 
 4  Scheme of Integrated Development of Small and Medium Towns Sixth five year plan To provide resources and create employment in small and medium towns for for prohibiting the migration of population from rural areas to big cities.
 5  District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) 1993 To provide financial assistance for rural development.
 6  National Slum Development Programme 1996 Development of Urban Slums.
 7  Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) 1980 All-round development of the rural poor through a program of asset endowment for self employment.
 8  Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) 1982 To provide suitable opportunities of self employment to the women belonging to the rural families who are living below the poverty line.

National Health Programmes In India

S.No. National Health Programmes Year of Beginning Objective/Description
 1 National Cancer Control Programme  1975 Primary prevention of cancers by health education regarding
hazards of tobacco consumption and necessity of genital hygiene for prevention of cervical cancer, etc.
 2  National Program of Health Care for the Elderly (NPHCE) 2010 To provide preventive, curative and rehabilitative services to the elderly persons at various level of health care delivery system of the country, etc.
 3  National Program for Prevention and Control of Deafness (NPPCD)  ---- To prevent the avoidable hearing loss on account of disease or injury, etc.
 4  District Mental Health Program (NMHP) 1982 To ensure availability and accessibility of minimum mental health care for all in the foreseeable future, particularly to the most vulnerable and underprivileged sections of population.
 5 National Cancer Registry Programme 1982 To provide true information on cancer prevalence and incidence.
 6 National Tobacco Control Program 2007 Preventing the initiation of smoking among young people, educating, motivating and assisting smokers to quit smoking, etc.
 7 National Leprosy Eradication Program started in 1955, launched in 1983 To arrest the disease activity in all the known cases of leprosy.
 8  Universal Immunization Program (UIP)  1985 To achieve self-sufficiency in vaccine production and the manufacture of cold-chain equipment for storage purpose, etc.
 9 National Vector Borne Disease Control Program  ---- For the prevention and control of vector borne diseases

Eradication Of Child Labor Programmes

S.No. Child Labor Programme Year of Beginning Objective/Description
 1  Child Labor Eradication Programme 1994 To shift child labor from hazardous industried to schools.
 2 National Authority for the Elimination of Child Labour (NAECL) 1994 Laying down the policies and programs for the elimination of child labour, especially in the hazardous industries, etc.
 3  National Child Labour Project Scheme (NCLP)  1998 Establishment of special schools for child labour who are withdrawn from work.
 4  Education Department and District Primary Education Program (DPEP)
 1994 To revitalise the primary education system and to achieve the objective of universalisation of primary education for young children.
 5  International Programme for Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC) 1991 To contribute to the effective abolition of child labor in India
 6  National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)  2007 To protect, promote and defend child rights in the country.
 7 National Policy on Child Labour 1987 General development programmes benefiting
children wherever possible. Project-based
approach in the areas of high concentration
of child labourers.

Women Empowerment Programmes

S.No. Women Empowerment Programmes Location Year Of Estb.
 1  Support to Training and employment Programme for Women (STEP)  2003-04 To increase the self-reliance and autonomy of women by enhancing their productivity and enabling them to take up income generaion activities.
 2  Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) 1993 To promote or undertake activities for the promotion of or to provide credit as an instrument of socio- economic change and development through the provision of a package of financial and social development services for the development of women.
 3  Rashtriya Mahila Kosh  1993 To facilitate credit support or micro-finance to poor
women to start income generating activities such
as dairy, agriculture, shop-keeping, vending,
handicrafts etc.
 4 Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG) – ‘Sabla’
2010 It aims at empowering Adolescent girls of 11 to 18 years by improving their nutritional and health status, up gradation of home skills, life skills and vocational skills.
 5 Central Social Welfare Board (CSWB)  1953 To promote social welfare activities and implementing welfare programmes for women and children through voluntary organizations.
 6   Rashtriya Mahila Kosh - (National Credit Fund for Women)
 1993 It extends micro-finance services through a client friendly and hassle-free loaning mechanism for livelihood activities, housing, micro-enterprises, family needs, etc to bring about the socio-economic upliftment of poor women.
 7  Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY)  ---- To improve the health and
nutrition status of pregnant, lactating women and infants
 8  SwayamSiddha  2001 At organizing women into Self-Help Groups to form a strong institutional base.
 9 Short Stay Home for Women and Girls (SSH) 1969 To provide
temporary shelter to women and girls who are in social and moral danger due to family problems,
mental strain, violence at home, social ostracism, exploitation and other causes.
 10 Swadhar 1995 To support women to become independent in spirit, in thought, in action and have full control over their lives rather than be the victim of others actions.
 11 Support to Training and Employment Programme for Women (STEP) 1986 To mobilise women in small viable groups and make facililies available through training and access to credit, to plovide training for skill upgradation, etc.
 12 Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) 1982 To improve the socio-economic status of the poor women in
the rural areas through creation of groups of women for income-generating activities on a self-sustaining
basis. The
 13 Tamil Nadu Corporation for Development of Women 1983 Aims at the socio-economic empowerment of women

Employment Generation Programmes

S.No. Employment Generation Programme Year of Beginning Objective/Description
 1  Employment Guarantee Scheme of Maharashtra 1972 To assist the economically weaker sections of the rural society.
 2  Crash Scheme for Rural Employmement (CSRE) 1972  For rural employment
 3  Training Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM) 1979   Program for Trainingrural youth for self employment.
 4  Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)  1980 All-round development of the rural poor through a program of asset endowment for self employment.
 5  National Rural Employment Program (NREP) 1980 To provide profitable employment opportunities to the rural poor.
 6  Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Program (RLEGP) 1983 For providing employment to landless farmers and laborers.
 7  Self-employment to the Educated Unemployed Youth (SEEUY) 1983 To provide financial and technical assistance for self-employment. 
 8  Self-Employment programme for Urban Poor (SEPUP) 1986 To provide self employment to urban poor through provision of subsidy and bank credit.
 9  Jawahar Rozgar Yojana 1989 For providing employment to rural unemployed.
 10  Nehru Rozgar Yojana 1989 For providing employment to urban unemployed.
 11  Scheme of Urban Wage Employment (SUWE) 1990 To provide wages employment after arranging the basic facilities for poor people in the urban areas where population is less than one lakh.
 12  Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) 1993 To provide employment of at least 100 days in a year in village.
 13  Swarnajayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) 1997 To provide gainful employment to urban unemployed and under employed poor through self employment or wage employment.
 14  Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SYGSY) 1999 For eliminating rural poverty and unemployment and promoting self employment.
 15  Jai Prakash Narayan Rojgar Guarantee Yojana (JPNRGY) Proposed in 2002-03 budget Employment guarantee in most poor distt.
 16  National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme 2006 To provide atleast 100 days wage employment in rural areas.
 17  Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana  2001 To provide wage employment and food security in rural areas and also to create durable economic ans social assets.
 18  Food for Work Programme   2001 To give food thrugh wage employment in the drought affected areas in eight states. Wages are paid by the state governments partly in cash and partly in foodgrains.
 19  Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)  2005 To create a right based framework for wage employment programmes and makes the government legally bound to provide employment to those who seek it.
 20 Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) 2008 To generate employment opportunities in rural as well as urban areas through setting up of new self-employment ventures/projects/micro enterprises.

Child Welfare Programmes

S.No. Child Welfare Programmes Year of Beginning Objectives/Description
 1  Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)  1975 It is aimed at enhancing the health, nutrition and learning opportunities of infants, young children (O-6 years) and their mothers.
 2 Creche Scheme for the children of working mothers 2006 Overall development of children, childhood protection, complete immunisation, awareness generation among parents on malnutrition, health and education.
 3  Reproductive and Child Health Programme  1951 To provide quality Integrated and sustainable Primary Health Care services to the women in the reproductive age group and young children and special focus on family planning and Immunisation.
 4  Pulse Polio Immunization Programme  1995 To eradicate poliomyelitis (polio) in India by vaccinating all children under the age of five years against polio virus.
 5 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan  2001 All children in school, Education Guarantee Centre, Alternate School, ' Back-to-School' camp by 2003; all children complete five years of primary schooling by 2007 ; all children complete eight years of elementary schooling by 2010 ; focus on elementary education of satisfactory quality with emphasis on education for life ; bridge all gender and social category gaps at primary stage by 2007 and at elementary education level by 2010 ; universal retention by 2010
 6  Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya  2004 To ensure access and quality education to the girls of disadvantaged groups of society by setting up residential schools with boarding facilities at elementary level.
 7  Mid-day meal Scheme  1995 Improving the nutritional status of children in classes I – VIII in Government, Local Body and Government aided schools, and EGS and AIE centres.Encouraging poor children, belonging to disadvantaged sections, to attend school more regularly and help them concentrate on classroom activities.
Providing nutritional support to children of primary stage in drought-affected areas during summer vacation.
 8  Integrated programme for Street Children  1993 Provisions for shelter, nutrition, health care, sanitation and hygiene, safe drinking water, education and recreational facilities and protection against abuse and exploitation to destitute and neglected street children.

 9  The National Rural Health Mission 2005 Reduction in child and maternal mortality, universal access to public services for food and nutrition , sanitation and hygiene and universal access to public health care services with emphasis on services addressing women's and children's health universal immunization, etc.

Anti Poverty Programmes

 S.No. Anti Poverty Programmes Year of Beginning Objective/Description
 1  Antodaya Yojana 1977 To make the poorest families of the village economically independent (only in Rajasthan)
 2 Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) 1999 Assistance is given to the poor families living below the poverty line in rural areas for taking up self employment.
 4  Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) 2001 Providing gainful employment for the rural poor.
 6  Employment Assurance Scheme 1993 To provide gainful employment during the lean agricultural season in manual work to all able bodied adults in rural areas who are in need and desirous of work, but can not find it..
 7  Pradhanmantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) 2000 Focus on village level development in 5 critical areas, i.e. primary health, primary education, housing, rural roads and drinking water and nutrition with the overall objective of improving the quality of life of people in rural areas. 
 8  National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) 2006 To provide legal guarantee for 100 days of wage employment to every household in the rural areas of the country each year, To combine the twin goals of providing employment and
asset creation in rural areas
 9 Swarnajayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJRY) 1997 It seeks to provide employment to the urban unemployed lying below poverty line and educate upto IX standard through encouraging the setting up of self employment ventures or provision of wage employment.
 10  Antidaya Anna Yojana 2000 It aims at providing food securities to poor families.
 11 National Housing Bank Voluntary Deposit Scheme 1991 To utilize black money for constructing low cost housing for the poor.
 12 Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) 1980 All Round development of the rural poor through a program of asset endowment for self employment.
 13 Development of Women and Chidren in Rural Areas (DWCRA) 1982 To provide suitable opportunities of self employment to the women belonging to the rural families who are living below the poverty line.
 14 National Social Assistance Programme 1995 To assist people living below the poverty line.
 15 Jan Shree Bima Yojana 2000 Providing insurance security to people below poverty line.
 16 Jai Prakash Narayan Rojgar Guarantee Yojana Proposed in 2002-03 budget Employment Guarantee in most poor districts.
 17 Shiksha Sahyog Yojana 2001 Education of Children below poverty line.

New plan for census towns: PURA 2.0


In the Census of India, the definition of urban area adopted was as follows:

• All statutory places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc. 
• A place satisfying the following three criteria simultaneously:

a) A minimum population of 5,000;
b) At least 75 per cent of male working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and 
c) A density of population of at least 400 per sq. km. (1,000 per sq. mile).
But the definition is unclear: the census calls them towns, but since they have gram panchayats rather than municipal corporations, the government seems to consider them rural.

Thus Planning Commission has agreed to provide Rs-1500 Crore in the 12th Five year plan for developing infrastructure in rapidly urbanizing areas known as census towns in the new version of PURA (Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas) to bring basic infrastructure to these areas.

GOI have schemes for rural infrastructure, and schemes for urban infrastructure, but neither of them applies for these areas — caught in the middle of these two.

During the 12th Five Year Plan period public-private partnership scheme will be used to bring water supply, sewerage, drainage, solid waste management and street lighting to such unofficial urban clusters, mostly in the six States — Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Kerala — which have seen the highest growth of census towns.

Each project is likely to cost about 150 crore rupees with Rural Development Ministry providing a grant of 40 to 50 crore rupees; 70 to 80 crore rupees will be mobilized by ongoing central schemes, while the private sector is expected to bring in about 20 crore rupees. The Private Company in consulation with the Gram Panchayat will get the lease of 10 years for the physical infrastructure to be developed in such towns to recover the investment.

Private sector entities having experience in development and management of community-oriented infrastructure projects shall be selected through an open competitive bidding process based on rigorous qualifications and evaluation criteria. The selected private partners would be required to provide amenities like water supply and sewerage, roads, drainage, solid waste management, street lighting and power distribution and undertake some economic and skill development activity as part of the PURA project. The private partners may also provide add-on revenue-earning facilities such as village linked tourism, integrated rural hub, rural market, agri-common services centre and warehousing etc. in addition to the above mentioned amenities. 

The scheme is a revamp of the former President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's brainchild, PURA, which was initially aimed at providing city amenities to villages. In its latest avatar, PURA 2.0 is focussing on the development of 50 to 60 potential growth centres such as census towns. Initial pilot projects have begun in Kerala, with eight other projects awaiting final approvals from State governments. 

BONN CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 2012


The 36th sessions of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) and of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), the fifteenth session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA), the seventeenth session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) and the first session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) takes place concurrently from 14 to 25 May.

The negotiations in Bonn were meant to build on a deal struck in December in Durban, South Africa, to create a new global climate pact by 2015 that would make both rich and poor nations rein in emissions caused by the burning of oil and other fossil fuels. More than 180 countries agreed on an agenda for work on a new climate treaty by 2015 at United Nations climate talks.

The European Union claims China and other developing countries are backsliding on commitments made in Durban to bring the discussion on emissions cuts from both rich and poor nations into one forum, instead of the current structure, which has two parallel negotiation tracks. Developing countries — backed by climate activists — accuse the U.S., EU and other industrialised nations of trying to evade commitments made in previous negotiations and shift responsibilities for tackling climate change to the developing world.

Environmentalist groups and countries that are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change warn that time is running out to avert disastrous consequences like increased extreme weather, ocean acidification and glacier melts.

Countries have agreed that deep emissions cuts are needed to limit a rise in global average temperature to less than 2 degrees Celsius this century above pre-industrial levels, a threshold that scientists say is the minimum required to avert catastrophic effects.

However, one of the main contributors to global warming, global carbon dioxide emissions, hit a record high last year, according to the International Energy Agency, which advises industrialised countries.

Some countries also look set to miss their emissions cut targets for 2020, putting the world on a dangerous trajectory towards a rise in global average temperature of 3.5 degree Celsius, research showed.

The only existing binding treaty, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, was shunned by the U.S. because it doesn't impose any emissions targets on China, thus leaving out the two biggest carbon emitters on the globe. It was set to expire this year but countries agreed in Durban to extend it, though they haven't agreed on how long. Canada, Japan and Russia have refused to make any new commitments under Kyoto, meaning it only covers about 15 per cent of global emissions.

Microfinance: Issues and future in India

Microfinance is one sector about which the perception of common man, policy makers and public media has witnessed peaks and valleys in short span of time. The sector was perceived as Messiah for unbankables due to its unprecedented success in South Asia. Many social scientists and various political and business leaders looked at it as a panacea for poverty stricken vulnerable and marginalized section of the society. There was a strong advocacy to replicate the model across the third world countries.
In India the Microfinance was extended to remote areas with high euphoria, and as a model which was perceived to reduce “poverty through profits”. It was seen as a win-win model for financial institutions as well as for the bulk of population which does not have access to financial institutions. However within a short span of time microfinance institutions were perceived to be blood sucker of the poor. They were soon looked upon not only as anti developmental but also as a neo avtar of moneylender of pre independent era who use to charge exorbitant rate of interests and adhered to coercive methods for the recovery.
If we critically examine this sector the reality of this sector lies some where in between “messiah of poor” and “neo avtar of coercive moneylenders”. To understand the realities of this sector we must understand the basic issues in the model which resulted in its disgrace. The following were the issues with model in India:
1.    In the absence of any regulation various Microfinance Institutions (MFI’s) started charging very high rate of interests from their clients. Although it’s a fact that disbursement of loans in the rural areas involves high administrative cost and greater risk in the absence of collaterals. Thus it is impossible to deliver the credits in rural population on an interest rate at par with their urban counterparts. However, the profit motives of many MFI’s eclipsed the developmental goal of the sector. As a result exorbitant interest rates and opaque policies were rampantly practiced.
2.    MFI’s deviated from the principle of disbursing the loans for the productive purpose leading to debt cycle. The success of Microfinance model rests on the fundamental principle of lending for the productive purposes. In order to expand the clientele base various MFI’s ignored this basic tenet and started lending for non productive purposes as well.
3.    Overleveraging was also one of the major error which MFI’s indulged into. Multiple borrowing   from various sources resulted into indebtedness much above the credit wroth of the clients and finally resulted into bad loans.  
4.    Leakage in the form of “ghost loans” and fraudulent loans by the staff of MFI’s was also one of the major flaws in the model.
5.    In order to collect the loans the MFI’s adhered to coercive practices which at times were extra legal and even illegal. Since this financial model is complexly interwoven into socio-cultural and psychological dimensions as well, the result of these methods was counterproductive. Large number of suicides in Andhara Pradesh was the manifestation of this fiasco.
In order to deal with these issues, on the recommendation of Malegaon committee, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has come up with the regulations. In order to regulate the interest rates by MFI’s, RBI has put a cap on the lending rate of MFI’s at 26% per annum and a margin cap of 12 percent over their cost of funds, whichever is lower.
In order to tackle the issue of overleveraging, RBI has now laid down a rule that only two MFI can lend to one borrower and both together cannot provide loans beyond Rs 50,000. The Information Technology is also being used to create an authentic data base of borrowers to prevent overleveraging.
The legislation and regulations by RBI have to a great extent addressed the flaws in the sector. Since the sector along with the financial inclusion is based on social capital as well, it can play a big role poverty elevation, empowerment and sustainable development.