Famous Books by Indian Authors

Books	Author
A Bend in the river	V S Naipaul
A Brush with Life	Satish Gujral
A Conceptual Encyclopaedia of Guru Granth Sahib	S S Kohli
A Foreign Policy for India	I K Gujral
A Himalayan Love Story	Namita Gokhale
A Nation Flawed-Lesson from Indian History	P N Chopra
A Peep into the Past	Vasant Navrekar
A Possible India	Partha Chatterjee
A Psychoanalysis of the Prophets	Abdulla Kamal
A Reveolutionary Life	Laxmi Sehgal
A Secular Agenda	Arun Shourie
A Suitable Boy	Vikram Seth
Acoession to Extinction	D R Mankekar
Across Borders, Fifty-years of India’s Foreign Policy	J N Dixit
Adhe Adhure	Mohan Rakesh
After the Dark Night	S M Ali
Agni Pariksha	Acharya Tulsi
Agni Veena	Kazi Nazrul Islam
Ain-i-Akbari	Abul Fazal
Ajatshatru	Jai Shankar Prasad
Akbarnama	Abul Fazal
Amar Kosh	Amar Singh
An Autobiography	Jawaharlal Nehru
An idealist View of Life	Dr S  Radhakrishnan
Anandmath	Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Anatomy of a Flawed inheritance	J N Dixit
Anguish of Deprived	Lakshmidhar Mishra
Answer to History	Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Area of Darkness	V S Naipaul
Arion and the Dolphin	Vikram Seth
Arthashastra	Kautilya
Ashtadhyayi	Panini
Asia and Western Dominance	K M Panikkar
Assassination of a Prime Minister	S Anandram
Assignment Colombo	J N Dixit
Atoms of Hope	Mohan Sundara Rajan
Autobiography of an Unknown Indian	Nirad C  Chaudhuri
Backward Place	Ruth Prawer Jhabwala
Bandicoot Run	Manohar Malgonkar
Bang-i-Dara	Mohammad lqbal
Beginning of the Beginning	Acharya Rajneesh
Bend in the Ganges	Manohar Malgonkar
Between the Lines	Kuldip Nayar
Bewildered India-Identity, Pluralism, Discord	Rasheedud-din Khan
Beyond Boundaries: A Memoire	Swaraj Paul
Beyond Modernisation, Beyond Self	Sisir Kumar Ghose
Bhagwat Gita	Veda Vyas
Bharal Aur Europe	Nirmal Verma
Bharat Bharati	Maithili Sharan Gupta
Bharaitya Parampara Ke Mool Swar	Govind Chandra Pande
Bisarjan	R N Tagore
Blind Men of Hindoostan-indo-Pak Nuclear War	Gen  Krishnaswamy Sundarji
Bliss was it in that Dawn	Minoo Masani
Borders & Boundaries: Women in India’s Partition	Ritu Menon & Kamla Bhasin
Bostaan	Sheikh Saadi
Bread, Beauty and Revolution	Khwaja Ahmed Abbas
Breaking the Silence	Anees Jung
Breakthrough	Gen Moshe Dayan
Bride for the Sahib and Other Stories	Khushwant Singh
Bridge’s Book of Beauty	Mulk Raj Anand
Brishbikkha	Bankim Chandra Chatterji
Britain’s True History	Prem Bhatia
Broken Wings	Sarojini Naidu
Bubble	Mulk Raj Anand
Buddha Charitam	Ashvaghosha
Bunch of Old Letters	Jawaharlal Nehru
By God’s Decree	Kapil Dev
Canvass of Life	Sheila Gujral
Chandalika	Rabindranath Tagore
Chemmeen	Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
Chidambara	Sumitranandan Pant
Chikaveera Rajendra	Masti Venkatesh lyengar
Chinese Betrayal	B N Mullick
Chitra	Rabindranath Tagore
Choma’s Drum	K  Shivaram Karanath
Chithirappaavai	P V Akilandam
Confessions of a Lover	Mulk Raj Anand
Confrontation with Pakistan	Gen B M Kaul
Conquest of Self	Mahatma Gandhi
Continent of Circle	Nirad C  Chaudhuri
Coolie	Mulk Raj Anand
Court Dancer	Rabindranath Tagore
Crescent Moon	Rabindranath Tagore
Crescent Over Kashmir	Anil Maheshwari
Crisis into Chaos	E M S  Namboodiripad
Crossing the Sacred Line-Women’s	Abhilasha Kumari, Sabina
Search for Political Power	Abhilasha & Sabina Kidwai
Crown and the Loincloth	Chaman Nahal
Cuckold	Kiran Nagar Kar
Culture in the Vanity Bag	Nirad C  Chaudhuri
Curtain Raisers	K Natwar Singh
Dark Room	R K Narayan
Dashkumar Charitam	Dandi
Daughter of the East	Benazir Bhutto
Day in Shadow	Nayantara Sehgal
Days of My Yers	H P Nanda
Death of a City	Amrita Pritam
Death-The Supreme Friend	Kakasaheb Kalelkar
Decline and Fall of Indira Gandhi	D R Mankekar and Kamala Mankekar
Democracy Redeemed	V K Narsimhan
Devadas	Sarat Chandra Chatterjee
Dharmashastra	Manu
Discovery of India	Jawaharlal Nehru
Distant Drums	Manohar Malgonkar
Distant Neighbours	Kuldip Nayar
Divine Comedy	A Dante
Divine Life	Swami Sivananda
Don’t Laugh-We are Police	Bishan Lal Vohra
Dream in Hawaii	Bhabani Bhattacharya
Durgesh Nandini	Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Dynamics of Social Change	Chandra Shekhar
Earth in the Balance: Forging a New	Albert Gore
East of Eden	B N Mullick
East West	Salman Rushdie
Economic Planning of India	Ashok Mehta
Economics of the Third World	S K Ray
Eight Lives	Rajmohan Gandhi
End of an Era	C S Pandit
English August	Upamanyu Chatterjee
Essays On Gita	Aurobindo Ghosh
Eternal Himalayas	Major H P S Ahluwalia
Eternal India	Indira Gandhi
Eternity	Anwar Shaikh
Faces to Everest	Maj H P S Ahluwalia
Facts are Facts	Khan Abdul Wali Khan
Faith & Fire: A Way Within	Madhu Tandon
Fall of a Sparrow	Salim Ali
Farewell to a Ghost	Manoj Das
Fasana-i-Azad	Ratan Nath Sarkar
Flames from the Ashes	P D Tandon
Food, Nutrition and Poverty in India	V K R V Rao
Forbidden Sea	Tara Ali Baig
Fortynine Days	Amrita Pritam
Freedom Behind Bars	Sheikh Mohd Abdullah
Friends and Foes	Sheikh Mujibur Rehman
Friends, Not Masters	Ayub Khan
From india to America	S Chandrashekhar
From Rajpath to Lokpath	Vijaya Raja Scindia
Future of NPT	Savita Pande
Ganadevata	Tara Shankar Bandopadhyaya
Gardener	Rabindra Nath Tagore
Geeta Govind	Jaya Dev
Ghasiram Kotwal	Vijay Tendulkar
Gita Rahasya	Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Gitanjali	Rabindra Nath Tagore
Glimpses of Indian Ocean	Z A Quasim
Glimpses of World History	Jawaharlal Nehru
Goa	Asif Currimbhoy
Godan	Munshi Prem Chand
Godrej: A Hundred Years	B K Karanjia
Golden Gate	Vikram Seth
Golden Threshold	Sarojini Naidu
Gora	Rabindra Nath Tagore
Great Depression of 1990	Ravi Batra
Guide	R K Narayan
Gul-e-Naghma	Raghupati Sahai ‘Firaq’ Gorakhpuri
Gulistan Boston	Sheikh Saadi
Gulzari Lal Nanda: A Peep	Promilla Kalhan
in the Service of the People	Promilla Kalhan
Gurusagaram	O V Vijayan
Harsha Charita	Bana Bhatt
Harvest	Majula Padmanabhan
Heat and Dust	Ruth Prawer Jhabwala
Heavy Weather	P G Wodehouse
Henry Esmond	Thackeray
Heir Apparent	Dr Karan Singh
Higher than Hope	Fatima Meer
Himalayan Blunder	Brig J P Dalvi
Hindu View of Life	Dr S  Radhakrishnan
History of Hindu Chemistry	Sir P C Ray
Hitopadesh	R K Narayan
Hindi Sahitya Aur Samvedna Ka Vikas	R S Chaturvedi
Hind Swaraj	M K Gandhi
Hindu Civilisation	J M Barrie
Hinduism	Nirad C Chaudhary
Hungry Stones	Rabindra Nath Tagore
I am not an Island	K A Abbas
I Dare	Parmesh Dangwal
I follow the Mahatma	K M Munshi
I Muse; Therefore I am	V N Narayanan
Idols	Sunil Gavaskar
In the Light of the Black Sun	Rohit Manchanda
In the Shadow of Pines	Mandeep Rai
India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium	Dr A P J Abdul Kalam & Dr Y S Rajan
India-A Wounded Civilisation	V S Naipaul
India-From Curzon to Nehru and After	Durga Dass
India-From Midnight to the Millennium	Shashi Tharoor
India-Independence Festival (1947-1997)	Raghu Rai
India in Transition	Prof Jagdish Bhagwati
India is for Sale	Chitra Subramaniam
India of Our Dreams	M V Kamath
India Today	Rajni Palme Dutt
Indian Home Rule	M K Gandhi
Indian Philosophy	Dr S  Radhakrishnan
India’s Culture the State the Arts & Beyond	B P Singh
India’s Economic Crisis	Dr Bimal Jalan
Essay’s for Manmohan Singh	I J Ahluwalia & M D Little
Indian Arms Bazaar	Maj-Gen, Pratap Narain
India Divided	Rajendra Prasad
India Wins Freedom	Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Indian Muslims	Prof Mohd Mujeeb
India, the Critial Years	Kuldip Nayar
Indira Gandhi’s Emergence and Style	Nayantara Sehgal
Indira’s India	S Nihal Singh
Inside the CBI	Joginder Singh
Insider	P V Narsimha Rao
Intelligence Services	Dr Bhashyam Kasturi
It is Always Possible	Kiran Bedi
Jai Somnath	K M Munshi
Jaguar Smile	Salman Rushdie
Jajar, Churashir Maa	Mahashweta Devi
Jankijeevanam	Prof Rajendra Mishra
Jawaharlal Nehru-A Communicator	Damodaran, A. K.
& Democratic Leader	A K Damodran
Jawaharlal Nehru, Rebel and Statesman	B R Nanda
Junglee Girl	Ginu Kamani
Kadambari	Bana Bhatt
Kamadhenu	Kubernath Ray
Kamasutra	Vatsyayan
Kagaz Te Kanwas	Amrita Pritam
Kamayani	Jai Shankar Pandit
Kali Aandhi	Kamleshwar
Kanthapura	Raja Rao
Kanyadaan	Vijay Tendulkar
Kapal Kundala	Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Kashmir-A Tale of Shame	Hari Jaisingh
Kashmir-Behind the Vale	M J Akbar
Kashmir Diary: Psychology of Militancy	Gen Arjun Ray
Kashmir-The Wounded Valley	Ajit Bhattacharjee
Kashmir in the Crossfire	Victoria Shaffield
Kashmir A Tragedy of Errors	Tavleen Singh
Katghare Main	Ram Sharan Joshi
Kayakalp	Munshi Prem Chand
Kayar	Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
Keepers of the Keys	Milan Kundera
King of Dark Chamber	Rabindra Nath Tagore
Kiratarjuniya	Bharavi
Kitni Navon Main Kitni Bar	S H Vatsyayan
Koraner Nari	Taslima Nasreen
Kore Kagaz	Amrita Pritam
Kulliyat	Ghalib
Kumar Sambhava	Kalidas
Lajja	Taslima Nasreen
Lal Bahadur Shastri	C P Srivastava
Last Phase	Pyare Lal
Law, Lawyers & Judges	H R Bhardwaj
Laws Versus Justice	V R Krishna Iyer
Legacy of a Divided Nation	Prof Mushirul Hasan
Life Divine	Aurobindo Ghosh
Life is Elsewhere	Milan Kundera
Lipika	Rabindranath Tagore
Lost Child	Mulk Raj Anand
Love and Longing in Bombay	Vikram Chandra
Love in A Blue Time	Hanif Khureshi
Love, Truth and A Little Malice	Khushwant Singh
Mahabharata	Vyasa
Malati Madhav	Bhavabhuti
Magnificent Maharaja	K Natwar Singh
Mahatma Gandhi	Girija Kumar Mathur
Malavikagnimitra	Kalidas
Manviya Sanskriti Ke Rachnatmak Aayam	Prof Raghuvansh
Many Worlds	K P S Menon
Mati Matal	Gopinath Mohanty
Meghdoot	Kalidas
Memoris of a Bystander: Life in Diplomacy	lqbal Akhund
Men Who Killed Gandhi	Manohar Malgonkar
Meri Rehen Meri Manzil	Krishna Puri
Midnight’s Children	Salman Rushdie
Million Mutinies Now	V S Naipaul
Missed Oppertunites: Indo-Pak War 1965	Maj-Gen, Lakshman Singh
Mistaken identity	Nayantara Sehgal
Modern South Asia: History, Culture,	Sugata Bose, Ayesha Jalal
Political Economy	Sugata Bose & Ayesha Jalal
Modernity Morality And The Mahatma	Madhuri Santhanam Sondhi
Mondays on Dark Night of Moon	Kirin Narayan
Mookhajjiva Kanasugalu	K Shivram Karanth
Moor’s Last Sigh	Salman Rushdie
Mrinalini	Bankim Chandra Charrerjee
Mritunjaya	Shivaji Sawant
Mrs  Gandhi’s Second Reign	Arun Shourie
Mudra rakshasa	Vishakhadatta
Mughal Maharajas And The Mahatma	K R N Swami
Muslim Law and the Constitution	A M Bhattacharjea
My Days	R K Narayan
My Early Life	M K Gandhi
My Experiment With Truth	M K Gandhi
My Life and Times	V V Giri
My Own Boswell	M Hidayatullah
My India	S Nihal Singh
My Music, My Love	Ravi Shankar
My Presidential Years	Ramaswamy Venkataraman
My Truth	Indira Gandhi
My South Block Years	J N Dixit
My Struggles	E K Nayanar
My Prison Diary	J P Narayan
Naari	Humayun Azad
Naganandan	Harsha Vardhana
Naku Thanthi	D R  Bendre
Nai Duniya Ko Salam & Pathor Ki Dewar	Ali Sardar Jafri
Naivedyam (The Offering)	N  Balamani Amma
Naked Triangle	Balwant Gargi
Nehru Family and Sikhs	Harbans Singh
Netaji-Dead or Alive	Samar Guha
New Dimensions of India’s Foreign Policy	Atal Behari Vajpayee
Nice Guys Finish Second	B K  Nehru
Nisheeth	Uma Shankar Joshi
Niti-Sataka	Bhartrihari
Nirbashita Narir Kabita	Taslima Nasreen
Non-Violence in Peace and War	M K  Gandhi
Nuclear India	G G  Mirchandani and P K S
Nurturing Development	Ismail Serageldin
Odakkuzal	G Shankara Kurup
One-eyed Uncle	Laxmikant Mahapatra
One World to Share	Sridath Ramphal
Operation Bluestar-the True Story	Lt-Gen K S  Brar
Our Films, Their Films	Satyajit Ray
Our India	Minoo Masani
Out of Dust	F D  Karaka
Padmavati	Malik Mohammed Jayasi
Painter of Signs	R K  Narayan
Pakistan in the 20th Century	Lawrence Ziring
Pakistan Papers	Mani Shankar Aiyer
Panchagram	Tarashankar Bandopadhyaya
Panchtantra	Vishnu Sharma
Pakistan Cut to Size	D R  Mankekar
Passage to England	Nirad C  Chaudhuri
Past Forward	G R  Narayanan
Pather Panchali	Bibhuti Bhushan Bandyopadhyaya
Pinjar	Amrita Pritam
Plans for Departure	Nayantara Sehgal
Portrait of India	Ved Mehta
Post Office	Rabindranath Tagore
Prathama Pratishruti	Ashapurna Devi
Prem Pachisi	Prem Chand
Premonitions	P N  Haksar
Price of Partition	Rafiq Zakaria
Prison and Chocolate Cake	Nayantara Sehgal
Prison Diary	Jayaprakash Narayan
Prisoner’s Scrapbook	L K  Advani
Prithviraj Raso	Chand Bardai
Profiles & Letters	K  Natwar Singh
Punjab, The Knights of Falsehood	K P S  Gill
Quest for Conscience	Madhu Dandavate
Radharani	Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Raghuvamsa	Kalidas
Rajtarangini	Kalhana
Ram Charit Manas	Tulsidas
Ramayana	Maharishi Valmiki (in Sanskrit)
Ramayana Dharshanam	K V  Puttappa
Rangbhoomi	Prem Chand
Rang-e-Shairi	Raghupati Sahai ‘Firaq’ Gorakhpuri
Ratnavali	Harsha Vardhan
Ravi Paar (Across the Ravi)	Gulzar
Rediscovering Gandhi	Yogesh Chadha
Reminiscences of the Nehru Age	M O  Mathai
Return of the Aryans	Bhagwan S  Gidwani
Returning to the Source	Acharya Rajneesh
Revenue Stamp	Amrita Pritam
Rich Like Us	Nayantara Sehgal
Ritu Ka Pehla Phool	Vijendra
Ritu Samhara	Kalidas
River Sutra	Gita Mehta
Road to Freedom	K K  Khullar
Rukh Te Rishi	Harbhajan Singh
Sader-i-Riyasat	Karan Singh
Sardar Patel and Indian Muslims	Rafiq Zakaria
Sakharam Binder	Vijay Tendulkar
Saket	Maithili Sharan Gupta
Satyartha Prakash	Swami Dayanand
Satanic Verses	Salman Rushdie
Savitri	Aurobindo Ghosh
Sceptred Flute	Sarojini Naidu
Scholar Extraordinary	Nirad C  Chaudhuri
Scope of Happiness	Vijayalakshmi Pandit
Search for Home	Sasthi Brata
Sense of Time	S H  Vatsyayan
Seven Summers	Mulk Raj Anand
Tamas	Bhisham Sahni
Tarkash	Javed Akhtar
Tehriq-e-Mujahideen	Dr  Sadiq Hussain
The Assassination	K  Mohandas
The Betrayal of East Pakistan	Lt  Gen  A A K
The Calcutta Chromosome	Amitav Ghosh
The Career & Legend of Vasco de Gama	Sanjay Subramanyam
The Chinese Betrayal	B N  Mullick
The Congress Splits	R P  Rao
The Defeat or Distant Drumbeats	Bhaskar Roy
Unhappy India	Lala Lajpat Rai
Until Darkness	Parvin Ghaffari
Utouchable	Mulk Raj Anand
Urvashi	Ramdhari Singh ‘Dinkar’
Uttar Ramcharita	Bhava Bhuti
Untold Story	Gen B M Kaul
Vanity Fair	Thackeray
Vendor of Sweets	R K Narayan
Venisamhara	Narayana Bhatt
Village by the Sea	Anita Desai
Village	Mulk Raj Anand
Vinay Patrika	Tulsidas
Virangana	Maithili Sharan Gupta
Vish Vriksha	Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Voice of Conscience	V V  Giri
Voice of Freedom	Nayantara Sehgal
Waiting for the Mahatma	R K  Narayan
Walls of Glass	K A  Abbas
War and No Peace Over Kashmir	Maroof Raza
War of Indian Independence	Vir Savarkar
We, Indians	Khushwant Singh
We, the People	N A  Palkhivala
Widening Divide	Rafiq Zakaria
Wings of fire, an Autobiography	Dr  A P J  Abdul Kalam & A. Tiwari
Witness to History	Prem Bhatia
Without Fear or Favour	Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Women and Men in My Life	Khushwant Singh
Worshipping False Gods	Arun Shourie
Wreck	Rabindra Nath Tagore
Yajnaseni	Dr  Pratibha Roy
Yama	Mahadevi Verma
Yashodhara	Maithili Sharan Gupta
Yayati	V S  Khandekar
Year of the Vulture	Amita Malik
Years of Pilgrimage	Dr Raja Ramanna
Yesterday and Today	K P S  Menon
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto & Pakistan	Rafi Raza

Anglo Maratha wars

War with Marathas

1. First Anglo Maratha War (1775-82)
2. Second Anglo- Maratha War (1803-1806)
3. Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-1818)

Anglo-Maratha Treaties

1. Treaty of Surat (1775)
2. Treaty of Purandhar (1776)
3. Treaty of Wadgaon (1779)
4. Treaty of Salbai (1782)
5. Treaty of Bassein (1802)
6. Treaty of Deogaon (1803)
7. Treaty of Surji Arjangaon (1803)
8. Treaty of Rajpurghat(1805)
9. Treaty of Poona (1817)
10. Treaty of Gwalior (1817)
11. Treaty of Mandasor (1818)

Poets in Ancient India in Ancient India

Books and Authors in Ancient India

Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture in India

Inland fisheries resources of India are noted as much for their heterogeneity in composition as for their rich production potential. India is bestowed with vast and varied inland fisheries resources comprising rivers and canals, reservoirs, ponds and tanks, floodplain lakes and wetlands and brackish-waters. Besides, substantial area amenable for coldwater fisheries exists in the medium and higher-altitudes of the Himalayan belt. Inland fisheries including aquaculture have been a vital source of food, nutrition, employment and economic gain for humanity, since ancient times. However, the sector has assumed more significance in recent years, especially in developing countries like India, due to the large contributions to the overall fish production, nutritional security and gainful employment generation.

India is the second largest producer of fish in the world contributing to 5.5 per cent of global fish production. India is also a major producer of fish through aquaculture and ranks second in the world after China. The total fish production achieved during 2010-11 (provisional) is at 8.03 million metric tonnes and the contribution of fish from inland sector alone is at 5.07 million metric tonnes which is about 63% of overall fish production. As per the estimates of Central Statistical Organization (CSO), the values of output from fisheries sector at current price during 2009-10 was 67,913 crore which is 4.9 per cent of the total output of Agriculture and allied sectors. It is one of the major contributors to India’s exports. During 2010-11 (Provisional) the volume of fish and fish products exported was 7,52,791 tonnes worth 12,100 crore.

Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production sector with an annual growth of around 7 per cent. It has been estimated that by the end of XI Five Year Plan (2011-12) the demand for fish and fish products would be around 9.74 million tons, and this increase has to be mostly met from aquaculture and culture based captured fisheries in reservoirs. Taking into consideration the vast aquatic resources in the country, the target seems achievable.

Although, it has long been recognized that fish production from inland waters can play a definite role in mitigating the protein deficiency in India, this resource is not contributing to the nutrition requirement of Indian masses to the extent that it should have been .This has been mainly on account of more emphasis on marine fishery in the past and due to lack of awareness and proper training skills for fishing community.

Recognising the economic, social, nutritional, environmental and aesthetic importance of inland fisheries and aquaculture, the Government through several measures have aspired to introduce buoyancy in the inland fishery sector .Therefore, to draw the economic, social and nutritional benefits from inland fisheries and aquaculture in a sustainable manner, it has been perceived to adopt a judicious combination of implementation and effective regulatory framework, eco-friendly fishing and aquaculture practices with the larger involvement of the fisher communities and fish farmers.

With this objective in mind, the Government recently drafted model guidelines on Inland fisheries and aquaculture, which has been circulated to all State Governments for effective implementation. Through these guidelines, the Government intends to ensure sustainable fish productive to meet the needs of food and nutritional security, generation of gainful employment in rural sector and to improve the socio-economic condition of the target groups.

The Government recognizes the need for availability of quality seed and feed if the growth in inland fish production has to be sustained in the long run. Therefore, the Government circulated guidelines to all the State Governments for establishment of a seed certification and accreditation system in their respective States. These guidelines, inter-alia, provide procedures for accreditation of hatcheries and seed farms, quality benchmarks, seed certification process and the structure of the implementing agency.

It has been observed that inland fishery today is dominated mainly by the freshwater fishery. In order for enhanced production, there is a need for diversification of fish production in other areas like integrated fish farming, cold water fisheries, riverine fisheries, capture fisheries, brackish water fishery etc. The recent measures therefore have targeted Intensive Aquaculture in ponds and tanks through integrated fish farming, carp polyculture, freshwater prawn culture, running water fish culture and development of riverine fisheries. The reservoir fisheries is being promoted through cage culture and pen culture and by setting up fish rearing units on large scale.

The Centrally Sponsored Scheme –“Development of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture” provide assistance to fish farmers through State Governments, with the objective of developing various components of inland fisheries and aquaculture that include development of freshwater, brackish water, cold water, reservoir fisheries and also to encourage integrated fish farming.

A new mission mode scheme called “National Mission for protein Supplements (NMPS)” was launched very recently with an outlay of Rs 100 crore for undertaking cage and pen culture in reservoirs and for intensive aquaculture in ponds and tanks in 12 identified States with an objective of enhancing the fish production and productivity of reservoirs and ponds and tanks.

All these measures are expected to improve the fisheries and aquaculture sector further and will consolidate the position of India in the Global fish production and aquaculture

Juno leaves for Jupiter

NASA on August 05 launched the billion-dollar solar-powered spacecraft Juno on a five-year journey to Jupiter. The unmanned satellite observatory shot into space aboard a 197-foot-tall (60 metres) Atlas V rocket, blasting off from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida at 12:25 p.m.

“Ignition and lift-off on the Atlas V with Juno on a trek to Jupiter, a planetary piece of the puzzle on the beginning of our solar system,” said a NASA television commentator.

Once it arrives in July 2016, the spacecraft will orbit the poles of the gas giant, which has more than twice the mass of all planets in the solar system combined and is believed to be the first planet that took shape around the Sun.

Named after the wife of the Roman god Jupiter, the $1.1 billion spacecraft is NASA's first mission to the planet since Galileo was launched in 1989. It aims for 30 orbits over a period of one year.

Juno will get closer to Jupiter than any other NASA spacecraft has and will be the first to undertake a polar orbit of the planet, said Scott Bolton, Juno principal investigator and scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas. 

“Juno is set up to learn about that early part of the solar system and learn how Jupiter formed and by measuring the ingredients. We are really looking for the recipe of planet formation.”

The orbiter Galileo entered the planet's orbit in 1995 and plunged into Jupiter in 2003, ending its life.

Other NASA spacecraft — including Voyager 1 and 2, Ulysses and New Horizons — have done flybys of the planet.

Juno will spend the first two years of its mission going around the Sun, then return for a flyby of the Earth, which will give a gravitational boost to accelerate the spacecraft on a three-year path toward Jupiter.

When it gets there, Juno — orbiting around 5,000 km (3,100 miles) above the gas giant — will make use of a series of instruments, some of which were provided by European space agency partners in Italy, Belgium, France and Denmark, to learn about the workings of the planet and what is inside.

Two key experiments will gauge how much water is in Jupiter and whether the planet “has a core of heavy elements at the centre, or whether it is just gas all the way down,” Mr. Bolton said at a press briefing last week.

Scientists also hope to learn more about Jupiter's magnetic fields and its Great Red Spot, a storm that has been raging for more than 300 years.

“One of the fundamental questions is how deep are the roots to that red spot? How does it maintain itself for so long?" said Mr. Bolton.

Juno is carrying a few toys as part of a campaign to raise awareness among young people about math and science.

Three 1.5 inch figurines made by LEGO toys are on board — a likeness of the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, who discovered four of Jupiter's moons, the Roman god Jupiter, and his wife Juno.

Back in 2003, when plans for Juno were being crafted, NASA briefly considered using some sort of nuclear fuel to power the spacecraft, but engineers decided it would be quicker and less risky to go with solar.

Juno is part of a series of new planetary science missions, to be followed by GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory), which is headed to the moon in September, and the Mars Science Laboratory set to take off in November

CIVIL SERVICES TIMES JULY 2011 MAGAZINE

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National Rural Livelihoods Mission

Odisha has become the first state in the country to launch National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) in its bid to bring down rural poverty by promoting diversified and gainful self-employment to the rural poor. NRLM will replace the Swarnajayanti Gram Swrojgar Yojana (SGSY) aimed at poverty reduction. The main weaknesses of the SGSY were uneven spread in the formation of Self-Help Groups (SHGs), high attrition rate in the SHGs, lack of adequate access to banking facilities, lack of capacity building and training and inadequate risk mitigation. NRLM would provide greater focus and momentum for poverty reduction to achieve the various Millennium Development Goals by 2015.

In the first phase, NRLM has been launched in 38 backward poverty stricken blocks of 10 districts where the World Bank-funded Targeted Rural Initiatives for Poverty Termination and Infrastructure (TRIPTI) is being implemented. Though objectives of NRLM and TRIPTI are almost same, the former is now restructured to target the poorest of the poor who have been uncovered yet. In the second phase of the project, Schedule Areas, including four blocks from 11 districts covered under Western Orissa Rural Livelihoods Project (WORLP), JEEVIKA and The Orissa Tribal Empowerment and Livelihood Programme (OTELP) and five Left Wing Extremists- affected districts such as Gajapati, Malkangiri, Rayagada, Sambalpur and Deogarh will be covered. By the end of the 12th Five-Year Plan, all 30 districts would have come under NRLM. The programme is expected to adopt a multipronged strategy to reduce poverty by enabling the poor households to access gainful self-employment and skilled wage employment opportunities. This programme is designed in a way to be implemented by a dedicated support structure starting from bottom to top. Cluster-level forum and gram panchayat level forum will be constituted and through them, various activities for livelihood generation will be created, so that wastage of funds can be stopped and maximum dividend of the project is made available to the needy section of the society

India Water Forum 2011

The “India Water Forum” (IWF) 2011 was organized by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) in consonance with the Ministry of Water Resources and the Department of Drinking Water Supply in New Delhi. The forum gave a clarion call to bring water into the global and national agenda in order to meet the challenges of water security posed by the threat of climate change. Water management systems have traditionally reflected existing socio-economic structures and governance mechanisms. The key challenges to water management today stem from changing demographics, shifting geo-politics, wide-spread poverty and under-development, climate change phenomenon and shifting weather patterns, and the elements of globalization. All these issues make it mandatory that effective governance and responsive policies are crafted to define the course of sustainable water management. The India Water forum 2011 addressed the dynamics of water and climate change, and deliberated on significant issues specific to water security, means to resolve the same by investment in natural infrastructure, monitoring efficient usage, water treatment and leveraging eco-friendly technology for water usage that will help in ensuring sustainable development. But, more importantly it emphasized on the fact that water security is not a subject for the future – it is here with us today.

About TERI: 

The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) was established in 1974. It is a dynamic and flexible organization, activities in TERI ranges from microbiology to global climate change, from smoke-filled rural kitchens to plush corporate boardrooms. The organization works on formulating local and national level strategies to suggesting global solutions to critical energy and environment-related issues. Headed by world-renowned economist Dr R K Pachauri also the head of the Nobel Prize winning UN Climate panel, TERI is best described as an independent, not-for-profit research institute focused on energy, environment, and sustainable development and devoted to efficient and sustainable use of natural resources. TERI is headquartered in New Delhi.

Committee on Zonal Cultural Centres

Committee on Zonal Cultural Centres headed by Mani Shankar Aiyar recently presented its Report to the Union Culture Ministry. The recommendations will be processed by Ministry of Culture and appropriate steps will be taken to revamp the functioning of the ZCCs to further enhance their outreach. With a view to preserve, promote and disseminate the plurality of India’s culture and traditional arts of all the States, Government of India had in 1985/1986 set up seven Zonal Cultural Centres (ZCCs) with their headquarters at Patiala, Udaipur, Nagpur, Thanjavur, Allahabad, Kolkata and Dimapur. The Central Advisory Board on Culture, in a meeting chaired by the Prime Minister in his capacity as the then Culture Minister had suggested a review of the functioning of the ZCCs over the last 25 years. To review the functioning and performance of the seven ZCCs, the Ministry of Culture, vide its Resolution dated 12 August 2010 had constituted a Committee on ZCCs. The committee included Mani Shankar Aiyar (Chairman), Dr. Sitakant Mahapatra and Amol Palekar. The Committee was initially formed for tenure of 4 months. However to enable the Committee to complete its task, its term was extended for a further period of 4 months, ending on 11 April 2011.

The committee was formed to serve the following objectives:

• The committee had to examine the action taken on the recommendations made by Prof. U. R. Ananthamurthy Committee that was constituted in 1994.
• It had to ascertain whether the ZCCs have fulfilled the objectives for which they were set up and reasons for the shortcomings.
• The committee had also to examine whether all/some of the ZCCs need to be wound up and/or merged with some other existing body/bodies.
• The committee was also expected to suggest whether any expansion of the ZCCs network is called for.

Functioning of the Committee: 

The Committee held consultations and several meetings during its tenure. It held discussions with several eminent cultural personalities apart from the present and past Directors of the ZCCs. The Committee members also undertook visits of the ZCCs to understand for themselves the actual position on the ground.

Nagpur to be Country’s Tiger capital

Nagpur in Vidarbha, (the second capital of Maharashtra) colloquially referred to as the ‘Orange City’, is actually the ‘Tiger Capital of the World’. The reason being that, out of the total 39 tiger reserves in the country, 13 are in Vidarbha alone. After the recent increase in the number of tigers across the country (From 1,411 to 1,706), the central government has decided to promote Nagpur as the tiger capital or “tiger getaway” of India. The recent tiger census shows that Maharashtra has done exceptionally well in the growth of tigers. Maharashtra has a tiger population of 169 as per the 2010 census, Nagpur being the highest scorer with 148 tigers. The Maharashtra Government is taking steps towards increasing the number of tigers in the state. Navegaon, Bhor and Nagzira are soon to be declared as new tiger reserves in the country. This will take the number of reserves in the state to 16.

Multidimensional Impacts of declaring Nagpur as Tiger Capital: 

 As Nagpur stands to be declared as the tiger capital of India, it gives ample opportunity to rediscover the brighter side of India. Round the year, tourists are visiting the vicinities of this city in large numbers. In fact, the number of tourists is doubling with every passing year. What’s more, the only attraction remains the wildest of species, the tiger. Hence, the move by the government to declare it as the “Tiger Capital” will definitely assist in attracting more tourists to the place, however it needs to be supported with better infrastructure. Secondly,in the wake of large number of tourists visiting the Nagpur city, one may feel that that the government must do something for conservation of tigers in order to retain the charm of tourists and converse the environment.

Therefore, the decision will help in augmenting the tiger conservation efforts of the government. Finally, there is another dimension to this decision, i.e. it will certainly generate the feeling of competition among other states like Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka etc. to augment their conservation efforts and other infrastructure in order to retain the number of tigers lovers visiting the state which might be lost to Nagpur as a result of being the tiger capital, hence overall the decision is definitely going to push forward the conservation efforts at national as well as state level. The decision seems to be good one for the tigers.

Besides that rehabilitation of the villages which are at present a part of the reserves was equally important. The Government has sanctioned Rs 50 crore for the shifting of the villages from Melghat and Tadoba tiger reserve. The Government also wants the adivasi community to participate in forest conservation. To facilitate their livelihood, the Government is planning to declare bamboo as minority forest product. At present the Minority Forest Act of 1926 does not include Bamboo.
However, the amendment is likely to come soon and the National Reserve Tiger Authority (NRTA) is now going to be decentalised. The first field office of the authority will also be in Nagpur.

Changing Gears for Rainbow Revolution

In view of the emerging challenges and threats to agriculture sector, vis-à-vis national food security, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has developed a strategic framework to improve food security, enhance opportunities for inclusive growth, augment competitiveness of Indian agriculture and create adequate and quality human resources to address the concerns. Some of the major concerns include, natural resources degradation, increasing biotic and abiotic pressures, declining input use efficiency, post-harvest losses, decreasing profitability in farming, quality human resource and farm extension. To deal with the challenges effectively, ICAR is coordinating, guiding and managing research, education and extension in agriculture, including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences, in the country. It has a vast network with 97 ICAR institutes, 54 state agricultural universities; five deemed universities and one Central Agricultural University and 592 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) spread across the country. The research programmes under umbrella of the ICAR are designed and undertaken for harnessing power of science that ensures food, nutrition and livelihood security for all.

The comprehensive initiatives taken by the Council have led to notable accomplishments in natural resource management, input use efficiency, climate resilience, secondary agriculture and economic transformation of farmers through technological interventions. The year 2010-11 has been agriculturally rewarding as we have observed record food grain production touching 242 million tonnes in farm season (July-June) according to the 4^th advance estimates released recently. The food grains comprise rice, coarse-cereals and pulses. The record output was largely because of a sharp rise in production of wheat to 86 million tonnes against 81 million tonnes in the year before. The record high oilseed production of 31 million tonnes is another notable accomplishment to cheer. Further, a high production in horticulture, 234.4 million tonnes could also be achieved through policy and technological support.

The bygone year has thrown many challenges also. These include perceptible climate change, as seen by the dry spells in the Eastern India, despite normal rainfalls across the country; degrading land and water environment; need for quality inputs; emerging problem of agricultural labour; and post-harvest losses across the commodities. It was here that the ICAR provided, both directions and solutions, in terms of crop varieties suitable for both drought and submergence; defined elements of fertilizer application, based on the nutrient deficiencies; farm mechanization for both field and horticultural crops; and developed clear estimates of post-harvest losses of various crops and commodities, as the basis for formulating future approaches. The paradigm shift from ‘primary to secondary agriculture’ was focused in our discussions and research process, as was demonstrated through the projects in the value chain component of the National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP); that is planned to be further enlarged in the coming years. A parallel development has been the establishment of agri-incubators, a new concept in the Indian agriculture; expected to develop entrepreneurship in a big way. In our efforts at institutionalizing the research extension continuum, the ‘Farm Innovators’ meet held during the year, the second in the series, added a new dimension to our approach of innovative agriculture.

Among new projects, a National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture is a noteworthy one launched with the objective to assess impact of climate change on the agriculture and allied sectors, and for evolving cost-effective adaptation and mitigation strategies. The Project has a budget outlay of Rs 350 crore for XI Plan; out of which Rs 200 crore is allocated for 2010-11, and Rs 150 crore for 2011-12 on the research infrastructure, capacity-building and on-farm demonstrations of available climate-resilient technologies.

During the year 2010-11, 60 varieties/hybrids of crops including major food crops of rice, wheat, maize, pearl millet and pulses were released/ recommended for cultivation in different agro-climatic regions of country. During the year, 629 tonnes of nucleus seed, 9,554 tonnes of breeder seed, 7,745 tonnes of foundation seed, 3,471 tonnes of certified seeds and 10,443 tonnes of truthfully labeled seed were produced for large scale multiplication to ensure timely supply of quality seeds to farmers.      

            To address the problem of decreasing soil and water productivity, the GIS based soil fertility maps, using soil-test data was prepared for 500 districts spread over 21 states of India. The data have revealed that soils of most of the districts have low to medium amount of nitrogen and phosphorus and medium to high amount of potassium. Existing ridge-and-furrow system of irrigation was modified for in-situ rain water harvesting (10% than the earlier 1% of rain), which increased castor yield by 30%. A decision support system was developed for facilitating location specific nutrient management.

With a view to enhance profitability and livelihood security, integrated farming is being promoted in all the ecological regions with the desired technological backstopping. An Integrated Farming System Component Selection Model is found useful for selection of the components of the integrated farming system based on the expected profit under the prevailing constraints, and also for suggesting beneficial components from profit as well as land and water productivity point of view.

To improve the quality and productivity of livestock population, artificial insemination is being standardized and adopted in field situations. Successful pregnancy from artificial insemination with extended semen is reported for the first time in Indian dromedary camels. The first mithun calf was born at farm-gate level through artificial insemination using cryo-preserved semen from genetically superior mithun bulls. Semen collection by ‘Gloved Hand Method’ and AI technique were standardized for pigs, and by using AI technology, highest litter size (15 piglets) at birth was recorded from a Ghungroo sow in the farm.

With repositioning of its approach towards entrepreneurship and livelihood security, the ICAR has made a strong commitment for socio-economic transformation of the Indian rural population. The research programmes, educational initiatives and extension activities have been reoriented to meet the objective. Efforts are being made to ensure free flow of knowledge, crossing all barriers on the way. The ICAR has adopted open-access policy for its highly-rated research journals and other literature of importance. The website (www.icar.org.in) has transformed into a treasure house of agricultural information and knowledge for various categories of stakeholders. On an average, more than 2, 00,000 visits are recorded per month from around 166 countries reflecting the global presence of Indian agriculture. Consortium for e-Resources in Agriculture (CeRA) is providing free online access to more than 2,900 international journals and 124 libraries of the National Agricultural Research System (NARS). During the year 2010-11, 64 patent applications were filed and 10 were granted making the total as 481 and 58 respectively.

As a special thrust to North-East region, Knowledge Information Repository in Agriculture for North-East has been launched by the ICAR with a mission to empower the agricultural production system of North-East region with right technology and methodology emphasizing innovative approach and solutions. It will act as a platform to foster linkages among partners and collaborate with public, private, state and regional organizations functioning in the region.

Partnerships grew at the national level and also across the globe with the projected Borlaug Institute for South Asia and enhanced Indo-African and India-Afghanistan Fellowships in Agricultural Universities. An ICAR–Industry meet was also convened in New Delhi in collaboration with Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) which received an overwhelming response from the private sector. Twenty-five new Units were added to the existing 220 Units in 49 universities to develop entrepreneurship skills among students. Niche Area of Excellence was also supported at 30 locations to achieve global competence in agricultural research and education.

            Under the ICAR award scheme, two new prestigious awards have been instituted, namely ICAR Norman Borlaug Award and ICAR Challenge Award. The total numbers of awards to be given annually in specific categories have been increased from 13 to 22. Similarly the award money has also been enhanced in most of the categories.

The ICAR has repositioned its approach in the formulation of 12^th five year plan to bring a demand driven and technology led revolution in the country. The Council will focus more on the commodities and the areas where private sector would be reluctant to venture. Secondary and specialty agriculture and the strength inter-departmental platforms will be harnessed to sustain the benefits of agricultural research and development. At national level, initiatives such as National Agricultural Education Project, National Agricultural Entrepreneurship Project, National Agricultural Science Foundation and National Agricultural Innovation Foundation have been envisaged to further strengthen and accelerate the process of transformation. However, in all these initiatives the Council is making a forward march with Farmers First approach.

            The research and development programmes during the year have armed ICAR with preparedness to meet future challenges, especially of prospective global climate change vis-à-vis depleting and degrading natural resources. We envision that innovations in agriculture would transform existing slowdown in agriculture sector into a vibrant and competitive sector by harnessing untapped opportunities in domestic and global markets. The Council firmly believes that agricultural research and development would augment farmers’ income, generate employment opportunities, conserve natural resources, restrict imports, promote exports and increase value addition for higher and inclusive agricultural growth.

Appropriately backed by frontier sciences and techniques, a surge in production and productivity of major commodities is on the way to realize the dream of rainbow revolution.

APPSC DAO GENERAL STUDIES SOLVED PAPER

  

APPSC DAO ARITHMETIC SOLVED PAPER

APPSC DAO MENSURATION SOLVED PAPER

Essential Interrogative Terms and Their Meanings in the APPSC Group - I Mains Exam

Analyze: To find out what something is made up of by identifying its components.

Critically Analyze: To find out critically what something is made up of by identifying its components.

Assess: To examine something, to determine something in order to judge or evaluate it.

Critically Assess: Assessment containing or involving comments and opinions that analyze or judge something, especially in a detailed way.

Bring out the Significance: Bring out the implied or intended meaning.

Capture the Movement: To seize or gain control over a fast changing.

Comment: An implied or indirect judgment.

Consider: To think carefully about something.

Debate: To talk about something at length and in detail, especially as part of a formal exchange of opinion.

Describe: To give an account of something by giving details of its characteristics.

Do you agree? Give examples: To have the same opinion about something as somebody else. Decorate with examples.

Discuss: To write or speak about the topic formally/officially.

Elaborate: To organize with thoroughness and careful attention to detail.

Elucidate: To explain and clarify something.

Evaluate: To consider or examine something in order to judge its value.

Examine: To study or investigate something.

Critically Examine: Critically study or investigate something.

Examine closely: To study or investigate something carefully or thoroughly.

Explain: To give reason for something that has happened, often as justification for it. To justify.

Formulate: To draw something up carefully and in detail.

Give Argument in favor of something: To give reason to support your argument.

Give your judgment in favor: To form sound opinions and make sensible decisions or reliable guesses.

Investigate: To take a look and see what has happened.

Justify: See Explain.

List out the Salient Features: Arrange the noticeable and striking distinctive features.

Highlight the Salient Features: Take out the best part.

Yojana August 2011 Magazine

Since the dawn of civilization, human societies have developed indigenous modes of entertainment which have evolved in various forms, and developed and transformed over the ages. Among the traditional forms of entertainment we have circus, art, theatre, puppetry, folk forms of music and dance, sports etc. In modern day parlance however, entertainment industry encompasses films, TV, radio, music and print industry. Other key players emerging in this sector are gaming, animation and advertising. Entertainment in India is one of the biggest revenue grossing industries. It is one of the fastest growing sectors in the economy and its segments have witnessed double digit growth in the last two years. The Indian entertainment and media industry is estimated to grow from Rs 58,080 crores in 2009 at a CAGR of 13 percent for the next five years.

Read More..

GENERAL SCIENCE MCQs

1. Jet engines are
(a) rotary engines
(b) turbine engines
(c) external combustion engines
(d) reaction engines

2. In an engine run on diesel, ignition is caused through
(a)friction
(b) automatic starter
(c)spark plug
(d) compression

3. In an electronic watch, the component corresponding to the pendulum of a pendulum clock is
(a)Transistor
(b) Balance Wheel
(c) Crystal Oscillator
(d) Diode

4. The hydraulic brakes used in automobiles is a direct application of ?
(a) Archimedes’ Principle
(b) Toricellian law
(c) Bernoulli’s theorem
(d) Pascal’s law

5. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Dynamo converts electrical energy into heat energy and electric motor converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
(b) Dynamo converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
(c) Both dynamo and electric motor convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
(d) Both dynamo and electric motor convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

6.. An electron microscope gives higher magnification than an optical microscope because
(a) it uses more powerful lenses.
(b) the velocity of electrons is smaller than that of visible light.
(c) the electrons have more energy than the light particles.
(d) the wavelength of electrons is smaller as compared to the wavelength of visible light.

7. The conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy is observed in ?
(a) fan
(b) storage battery
(c) heater
(d) incandescent bulb

8. The most efficient engine is ?
(a) Petrol
(b) Diesel
(c) Electric
(d) Steam

9. The tape of a tape recorder is coated with
(a) Zinc oxide
(b) Copper sulphate
(c) Mica
(d) Ferromagnetic powder

10. When a coil is rotated in magnetic field, induced current is generated in the coil. This principle is used in making ?
(a) electromagnet
(b) electric motor
(c) electric generator
(d) electric watt meter

11. An ordinary tube light used for lighting purposes
contains
(a) fluorescent material and an inert gas
( b) one filament, reflective material and mercury vapour
(c) fluorescent material and mercury vapour
(d) two filaments, fluorescent material and mercury vapour

12. The term ‘Black Box’ is more commonly used in relation to which of the following?
(a) It is a box in which high grade uranium is kept to prevent radiation.
(b) It is a time capsule in which records of important events are kept to be opened at a later date,
(c) It is a flight recorder in an aero plane.
(d)None of these

13. The lightning conductor used in building, protects the building by
(a) dissipating the electric charge away from the building
(b) conducting the lightning safely to the ground
(c) absorbing the electric charge
(d) None of these

14. Sodium vapour lamps are preferred over incandescent lamp because of
(a) higher tolerance to voltage fluctuation
(b) higher intensity of illumination
(c) easy installation
(d) None of these

15. The principle of working of periscope is based on
(a) reflection only
(b) refraction only
(c) reflection and refraction
(d) reflection and interference

16. The working of the quartz crystal in the watch is based on
(a) Johnson effect
(b) Photoelectric effect
(c)Edison effect
(d) Piezo electric effect

17. A handwritten message can be instantly transmitted as such to any part of the world through
(a) Speed post
(b) Telex
(c)Electronic mail
(d) FAX

18. Which of the following combinations of aperture and shutter speed of a camera will allow the maximum exposure?
(a) F-5.6,1/l000
(b) F-8,l/250
(c) F-16,l/l25
(d) F-22,1/60

19. Hardware is related to?
(a) calculator
(b) computers
(c) acids
(d) heavy metals

20. Which of the following best explains the phenomenon ‘Simple Harmonic Motion’?
(a) Cylinder
(b) Disc
(c) Pendulum
(d) None of these

21. Distant objects can be seen with the help of
(a) chronometer
(b) microscope
(c)telescope
(d) spectroscope

22. The safety fuse should have
(a) high resistance and high melting point
(b) high resistance and low melting point
(c) low resistance and high melting point
(d) low resistance and low melting point

23. Greenhouse is?
(a) a building chiefly of glass in which the temperature is very low.
(b) a building in which green plants are cultivated.
(c) a building chiefly of glass in which the temperature is maintained within the desired range.
(d) None of these

23. Given below are some of the home appliances:
1. 1/8 H.P. Water pump
2. Fluorescenttubelight
3. Room heater
4. Night lamp
Which of the following is the correct sequence in decreasing order of the wattage of the above?
(a) 2,1,3,4
(b) 3,1,2,4
(c)3,2,1,4
(d) 4,2,1,3

25. Which of the following is/are true regarding the third (thicker) pin in a 3-pin plug?
1. It ensures better electrical contact.
2. It is connected to the body of the electrical device.
3. It is connected to the earth terminal.
4. It is connected to the neutral terminal.
(a) 1 and2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and3
(d) 4only

26. Consider the following statements about a thermos flask:
1. It is a practical device in which the beat flowing into or out of the system by conduction, convection or radiation is reduced as much as possible.
2. It consists of a double – walled glass vessel.
3. The heat transfer by convection is minimized by silvering the surfaces and the radiation is minimized by evacuating the space between the walls.
Of these, the correct ones are
(a) l and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) l and 3
(d) l,2 and 3

27. Which of the following are true regarding the compact fluorescent tubes now available in market for home use?
1. They use less power (about 20%) compared to filament type bulbs for same amount of light.
2. They operate at higher voltages.
3. They are narrower and shorter than common fluorescent tubes.
(a) l and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1,2 and 3

28. In an ordinary dry cell, the electrolyte is
(a) sulphuric acid
(b) manganese dioxide
(c) ammonium chloride
(d) zinc

29. Which of the following pairs of materials serves as electrodes in chargeable batteries commonly used in devices such as torch lights, electric shavers etc. ?
(a) Iron and cadmium
(b) Nickel and cadmium
(c) Lead peroxide and lead
(d) Zinc and carbon

30. The mixed oxide fuel is used for which of the following?
(a) Nuclear Reactors
(b) Aero planes
(c) Cryogenic Engines
(d) PSLV rockets

31. Conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy occurs in ?
(a)dynamos
(b) electric heaters
(c)battery
(d) atomic bombs

32. In the ordinary fire extinguisher, carbon dioxide is generated by the reaction of ?
(a) marble powder and dilute HCL
(b) magnesite and dilute HCL
(c) limestone and dilute Sulphuric Acid
(d) sodium bicarbonate and dilute Sulphuric Acid

33. Which of the following take place when the subject speaks untruth while being tested by the polygraph instrument?
1.. His blood pressure goes up.
2. His pulse quickens.
3. His skin darkens.
4. He sneezes.
(a) l and 2
(b) 3 and 4
(c) l,2 and 3
(4) 2,3 and 4

34. What is the function of a microprocessor in a computer?
(a) It allows the key board to write on the computer.
(b) It allows the outputs to be taken from a computer.
(c) It performs all the functions of a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
(d) None of these

35.Teletext means?
(a) the process of convening black & white TV sets into coloured ones.
(b) flashing of telephone conversation on TV screen.
(c) flashing the text of the message on the telex machine.
(d) flashing of the text of news and information on the TV screen.

36. Which of the following statements about a refrigerator is/are correct?
1. It converts electrical energy into heat energy.
2. It converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
3. It transfers heat from a high temperature to a low temperature.
4. It transfers heat from a low temperature to a high temperature.
(a) 1 and3
(b)2 and 3
(c) 1 and 4
(d) 4 only

37. Which of the following statements are true regarding transmission of television programmes?
1. Picture is transmitted with velocity of light.
2. Sound is transmitted with velocity of sound.
3. Sound is transmitted with velocity of light.
4. Different colours of the picture.are transmitted with different velocities.
(a) l and 3
(b) 1,2 and 3
(c) 2,3 and 4
(d) l,3 and 4

38. The anode in a dry cell consists of
(a) graphite
(b) zinc
(c) copper
(d)cadmium

39. The technique used to transmit audio signals in television broadcasts is
(a) Amplitude Modulation
(b) Frequency Modulation
(c) Pulse Code Modulation
(d) Time Division Multiplexing

40 Floppy disc in a computer system is
(a) compiler
(b) core memory
(c) software
(d) device for storing and retrieving data

41. The best colour (s) for a sun umbrella will be
(a)black
(b) black on top and white on the inside
(c)white on top and black on the inside
(d) printed with all the seven colours of rainbow

42. Which one of the following can be used to confirm whether drinking water contains a gamma emitting isotope or not?
(a) Spectrophotometer
(b) Microscope
(c) Scintillation counter
(d) Lead plate

43. The following processes take place during the
launching of a rocket:
1. Rocket fuel is burnt.
2. Gases are produced.
3. Rocket moves in the forward direction.
4. Gases come out with momentum in back ward direction.
The correct sequential order in which the above processes occur, is
(a) 1,2,3,4
(b) 1,3,2,4
(c) 1,2,4,3
(d) 1,3,4,2

44. A computer can be freely programmable
(a) if it is of a digital type
( if it is controlled synchronously
(c) if it contains a read only memory (ROM)
(d) if it contains a random access memory(RAM)

45. Which of the following polymers is widely used for making bullet proof material?
(a) Polyethylene
(b) Polyamides
(c) Polyvinyl chloride
(d) Polycarbonates

46. What is a flow chart in computer terminology?
(a) A graphical representation of a sequence of operations in a computer program
(b) A circular chart used for computer languages
(c) A debugging programme.
(d) None of these

47. A transistor is most likely to be found in a
(a)wrist watch
(b) fuse
(c)hearing aid
(d) fluorescent lamp

48. Ball bearings are used to reduce friction by
(a) applying lubricants to the balls used
(b) reducing the area of contact with the use of metallic balls
(c) increasing the area of contact with the use of metallic balls
(d)None of these

49. Aviation fuel for jet aeroplanes consists of purified
(a)petrol
(b) kerosene
(c)gasoline
(d) diesel

50. Recoil of a gun is an example of
(a) conservation of mass
(b) conservation of energy
(c) conversion of Potential Energy into Kinetic Energy
(d) conservation of linear momentum

ANSWERS

1.D 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. B 6.D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. C
11.D 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. C 16. D 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. C
21. C 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. C
31. C 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. A 39. C 40. D
41. C 42. C 43. C 44. C 45. A 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D

Atomic Numbers

Name	Symbol	Atomic Number
Hydrogen	H	1
Helium	He	2
Lithium	Li	3
Beryllium	Be	4
Boron	B	5
Carbon	C	6
Nitrogen	N	7
Oxygen	O	8
Flourine	F	9
Neon	Ne	10
Sodium (Natrium)	Na	11
Magnesium	Mg	12
Aluminium	Al	13
Silicon	Si	14
Phosphorous	P	15
Sulphur	S	16
Chlorine	Cl	17
Argon	Ar	18
Potassium (Kalium)	K	19
Calcium	Ca	20
Titanium	Ti	22
Vanadium	V	23
Chromium	Cr	24
Manganese	Mn	25
Iron (Ferum)	Fe	26
Cobalt	Co	27
Nickel	Ni	28
Copper (Cuprum)	Cu	29
Zinc	Zn	30
Germenium	Ge	32
Bromine	Br	35
Krypton	Kr	36
Zirconium	Zr	40
Silver	Ag	47
Tin (Stannum)	Sn	50
vAntimony (Stabnium)	Sb	51
Iodine	I	53
Barium	Ba	56
Gold (Aurum)	Au	79
Mercury (Hydragerm)	Hg	80
Lead (Plumbum)	Pb	82
Bismuth	Bi	83
Radium	Ra	88
Thorium	U	90
Uranium	U	92
Plutonium	Pu	94
Curium	Cm	96

India plans to launch National Monsoon Mission

The Government of India is planning to launch a National Monsoon Mission to provide accurate rain forecast and other weather inputs to farmers.
Speaking at the annual function of his Ministry, Earth Sciences Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh said that agro-Met services will have greater importance in the coming years.
The Ministry has plans to establish the National Monsoon Mission to address these challenging issues relating to the monsoon rainfall in India, he added.
They not only provide fairly accurate monsoon forecasts but also issue weather related agro advisories to farmers so that the kisan (farmer) can plan his farming and increase the productivity of his soil, Deshmukh said.
"India's total demand for food grain is projected to touch 280 million tonnes by the year 2020-21. For this, improved monsoon rainfall predictions and associated enhancements to the agro-advisory services have been identified as priority activities," he added, reports IANS.

HOW TO PREPARE CURRENT AFFAIRS

During the process of preparation for Current Affairs an individual is often faced with number of challenges. The challenges can be overcome and a grasp over the subject can be established only if a systematic process or strategy is adopted.  The major challenge involved is segregation of events, for example incidents should be grouped under wide categories like National events of socio-political importance, International events of political importance, Economic events of national and international importance, Environmental events of national and international importance, Sports related events of national and importance, etc. The above categorisation is suggested on the basis of questions asked in different competition and entrance exams like-IAS/Bank PO/CLERK/SSC/LLB/MBA, etc.
Classifying current affairs
It is observed that classifying events which have been happening over a longer period of time and could continue in the future is difficult. To develop an understanding of these events, it is required to explore the different aspects, background, and history of the events in question. At times one major of national, international or economic event may lead to a series of incidents that may threaten to shake the balance in power. For example, the Jasmine revolution in Tunisia  which gave a cue to the uprising in Egypt and is threatening authoritarian regime in a number of North African and Middle East countries. Also the European crisis in 201o had a striking impact at stock exchanges in India. The flood which rocked Australia raised the concerns of the world already plagued by Global Warming.
International level-Nuclear politics, Environmental politics, Reforms and Restructuring of united nations, Future of Nato, Voting reforms in IMF, Deadlock in WTO, Economic crisis of European union, Iran and North Korea's nuclear problem, Sudan-crisis, Israel-Palestine problem, Myanmar’s military junta, Nepal problem, Tibet issue, Ethnic crisis of Sri-Lanka, etc all fall in the category of events which have left and continue to create numerous related areas of concern.
Short-lived and long-lived current affairs
The third challenge is associated with categorisation events into short lived and long lived events. For short lived incidents it is important to know how effective, important or deep the impact of the newly emerged event is. If the importance of the effect of the event seems to be big, it must be extensively covered.
It is observed that there exists no clear, definite and fixed syllabus for current affairs as it happens in the case of subjects in Social Sciences, Management study, etc. The responsibility for updating and demarcation therefore remain with the students and aspirants.
It remains for the students to perform both the task of determination of syllabus as well as develop strategies to master Current affairs.