APPSC MATERIAL

Wednesday, August 10, 2011

Past Missions

Apollo
President Kennedy's bold challenge set the nation on a journey unlike any before in human history--a journey to land on the moon.
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
The first international partnership in space wasn't the ISS or even the Shuttle-Mir missions; it was the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.
Ares I-X Flight Test
Ares I-X completes a successful flight test.
Constellation
Ares rockets and the Orion crew vehicle.
Deep Impact
Exploring Comet Tempel 1 to determine the origins of life in our Solar System.
Explorer
America's first artificial satellite.
Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer (FAST)
FAST, the second mission in NASA's Small Explorer Satellite Program (SMEX), is a satellite designed to study Earth's aurora.
Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) Mission
FUSE looks at light in the far ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Galileo
Journey to Jupiter.
Gemini
Bridge to the moon.
Genesis Mission
The search for origins.
Glory
The Glory mission failed to reach orbit after launch. Telemetry indicated the fairing did not separate as expected.
Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE)
IMAGE is a mission to study the global response of the magnetosphere to the changes in solar wind.
International Space Station
Read more about past missions to the International Space Station.
Mars Global Surveyor
After studying the Red Planet four times longer than originally planned, the Mars Global Surveyor orbiter succumbed to battery failure.
Mars Pathfinder
Mars Pathfinder was the first mission to deliver a lander and a free-ranging robotic rover to the surface of Mars.
Mercury
America's First Space Program.
Orbiting Carbon Observatory
NASA's first spacecraft dedicated to studying carbon dioxide, the leading human-produced greenhouse gas driving changes in Earth's climate.
Phoenix Mars Lander
The search for possible conditions for life in the Martian arctic.
Pioneer
A journey through our solar system and beyond.
Pioneer Venus
The mission's objective was to investigate the Venus's solar wind, map the planet's surface and study the upper atmosphere.
Polar Mission
The Polar Mission was designed to obtain data from both high- and low-altitude perspectives of the polar region of geospace.
QuikScat
The Quick Scatterometer, or QuikScat, replaces the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) instrument on Japan's Midori satellite.
Shuttle-Mir
In the arena of space exploration, the U.S. and Russia share a history of competition and cooperation.
Skylab
America's first space station and orbital science and engineering laboratory.
Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) Mission
SAMPEX studies the energy, composition and charge states of particles from supernova explosions in the distant reaches of the galaxy, from the heart of solar flares and from the depths of nearby interstellar space.
Space Shuttle
Read more about past shuttle missions.
Space Technology 5
The Space Technology 5 (ST5) Project built and tested micro-satellites to validate new technologies for future science missions.
Stardust
Exploring Comet Tempel 1
Topex Mission
The Topex mission will collect information with which scientists can relate changes in ocean currents to atmospheric and climate patterns.
Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) Mission
TRACE enables solar physicists to study the connections between fine-scale magnetic fields and the associated plasma structures on the Sun.
Viking
The Viking Mission to Mars: Determining whether life ever existed on Mars.
UARS Mission
The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), launched in 1991, orbited at an altitude of 375 miles.
Ulysses Mission
A mission to study the sun at all latitudes.

Current Missions
Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE)
Major mission of the Explorer program.
AIM: Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere
AIM's two-year mission is to study Polar Mesospheric Clouds, the Earth’s highest clouds, which form an icy membrane 50 miles above the surface at the edge of space.
Aqua
Aqua, Latin for water, is a NASA Earth Science satellite mission named for the large amount of information that the mission will be collecting about the Earth's water cycle.
Aquarius
The Aquarius/SAC-D mission launched on June 10, 2011 on a mission to map ocean salinity.
ARCTAS
Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites
ARTEMIS
ARTEMIS: Studying the Moon's Interaction With the Sun
Astro-E2/Suzaku
The Suzaku mission is a joint effort of JAXA and NASA designed to discover more about the x-ray universe.
Aura Mission
A mission dedicated to the health of Earth's atmosphere.
CALIPSO
CALIPSO will provide the next generation of climate observations, drastically improving our ability to predict climate change and to study the air we breathe.
Cassini-Huygens Mission
Unlocking the secrets of Saturn.
Chandra X-ray Observatory
NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory probes the mysteries of space with unprecedented x-ray images that help to unravel the structure and evolution of the universe.
CINDI
CINDI will study the elements that influence space weather near Earth's equator.
CloudSat
CloudSat's cloud-profiling radar is 1,000 times more sensitive than typical weather radar and can detect clouds and distinguish between cloud particles and precipitation.
Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer (CHIPS)
CHIPS uses an extreme ultraviolet spectrograph to study the "Local Bubble" surrounding our Solar System.
Cluster ESA/NASA Mission
The four Cluster spacecraft carry out 3D measurements in the Earth's Magnetosphere.
Dawn
Dawn launched in September, becoming the first spacecraft ever planned to orbit two different bodies after leaving Earth. The spacecraft will orbit Vesta and Ceres, two of the largest asteroids in the solar system.
Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EP-TOMS)
Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EP-TOMS), along with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument onboard AURA, are currently the only NASA spacecraft on orbit specializing in ozone retrieval.
Earth Observing-1
As the first New Millennium Program Earth Observing Mission, EO-1 has validated advanced land imaging and unique spacecraft technologies.
EPOXI
NASA's EPOXI mission successfully flew by comet Hartley 2 at about 10 a.m. EDT, Nov. 4, 2010. Hartley 2 is the fifth comet nucleus visited by a spacecraft.
Fire and Smoke
NASA satellites, aircraft, and research know-how have created a wealth of cutting-edge tools to help firefighters battle wildfires.
GALEX
Mapping the history of star formation in the universe.
› Galaxy Evolution Explorer
GLAST Launches on Gamma Ray Mission
The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope will answer questions about supermassive black hole systems, pulsars and the origin of cosmic rays.
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)
GOES-N is the latest in a series of satellites that provide a constant vigil for the atmospheric "triggers" for severe weather conditions such as tornadoes and hurricanes.
GOES-O
The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-O represents the newest generation of environmental satellites.
GOES-P
The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-P represents the newest generation of environmental satellites.
Geotail Mission
A mission to study the tail of Earth's magnetosphere.
Gravity Probe B
This mission is the relativity gyroscope experiment developed by NASA and Stanford University to test two unverified predictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
The twin satellites are making detailed measurements of Earth's gravity field to learn more about gravity and Earth's natural systems.
GRAIL
The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory mission will create the most accurate gravitational map of the moon to date.
Hayabusa (MUSES-C)
Hayabusa (MUSES-C) is Japan's asteroid sample return mission.
Herschel
The Herschel Space Observatory is a space-based telescope that will study the Universe by the light of the far-infrared and submillimeter portions of the spectrum.
High Energy Transient Explorer-2 (HETE-2) Mission
HETE-2 is a small scientific satellite designed to detect and localize gamma-ray bursts.
Hinode (Solar B)
A collaboration between the space agencies of Japan, the United States, United Kingdom and Europe, Hinode's mission is to investigate the interaction between the sun's magnetic field and its corona.
Hubble Space Telescope
Learn how Hubble has expanded our knowledge of the cosmos.
Hurricanes
Latest storm images and data from NASA.
IBEX
A mission to achieve the first global observations of the region beyond the termination shock at the very edge of our solar system.
Ice Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICEsat) Mission
The ICESat mission will provide multi-year elevation data regarding ice sheet mass balance as well as cloud property information, especially for stratospheric clouds common over polar areas.
International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL)
INTEGRAL is the most sensitive gamma-ray observatory ever launched.
International Space Station
Aboard the International Space Station, astronauts work to improve life on Earth and extend life beyond our home planet.
J-2X Engine Development
J-2X is a highly efficient and versatile rocket engine with the ideal thrust and performance characteristics to power the upper stage of a heavy-lift launch vehicle.
Jason
Jason-1 is the first follow-on to the highly successful TOPEX/Poseidon mission that measured ocean surface topography.
Juno
Beneath its clouds, Jupiter holds secrets about our solar system’s early history. Juno will endeavor to unlock these secretss.
Kepler
NASA's search for habitable planets.
Landsat
The Landsat Program is a series of Earth-observing satellite missions jointly managed by NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey.
LCROSS
The LCROSS mission's objective is to confirm the presence or absence of water ice in a permanently shadowed crater at the moon's South Pole.
LRO: Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
The LRO mission objectives are to find safe landing sites, locate potential resources, characterize the radiation environment, and demonstrate new technology.
Lunar Quest Program
NASA's Lunar Quest Program is a multi-element program consisting of flight missions, instruments for lunar missions of opportunity, as well as research and analysis efforts.
Mars Express
Mission to search for subsurface water from orbit.
Mars Exploration Rovers
Rovers Spirit and Opportunity explore the Martian landscape.
Mars Odyssey
This orbiter is mapping the mineralogy and morphology of the Martian surface.
Moon Mineralogy Mapper
Aboard the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft, whose technology mission has been completed successfully and now embarks on a scientific mission.
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
The mission will determine whether long-standing bodies of water ever existed on Mars.
Mars Science Laboratory
Scheduled to launch in the fall of 2011, the Curiosity Mars Science Laboratory rover will assess whether Mars ever was, or is still today, an environment able to support microbial life. In other words, its mission is to determine the planet's "habitability."
Mercury, Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging (MESSENGER) Mission
MESSENGER will study Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun.
Mini-RF
The Mini-RF project will fly two radar instruments to the moon to map the lunar poles, search for water ice, and to demonstrate future NASA communication technologies.
NEEMO
The NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations project, provides a convincing analog to space exploration, and its crew experience some of the same challenges underwater as they would in space.
New Horizons
New Horizons began its journey across the solar system to conduct flyby studies of Pluto and its moon.
NOAA Environmental Satellites
NOAA-N is the latest in a series of polar-orbiting satellites, that will collect information to improve weather prediction and climate research across the globe.
NOAA-N Prime
NOAA-N Prime will provide a polar-orbiting platform to support environmental monitoring instruments for imaging and measuring Earth's atmosphere and sea surface temperature.
NPOESS Preparatory Project
NPOESS Preparatory Project is a first step in building the next-generation of Earth-observing satellites.
Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason 2
The joint NASA-French satellite will help scientists better monitor and understand rises in global sea level, study the world's ocean circulation and its links to Earth's climate.
Operation Ice Bridge
Operation Ice Bridge, a six-year NASA field campaign, is the largest airborne survey of Earth's polar ice ever flown. It will yield a three-dimensional view of Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets, ice shelves and sea ice.
Pioneer
A journey through our solar system and beyond.
Planck
Planck will provide a map of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) field.
Polar Operational Environmental Satellite (POES)
POES is a cooperative effort between NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the United Kingdom and France.
Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI)
RHESSI's primary mission is to explore the basic physics of particle acceleration and explosive energy release in solar flares.
Rosetta Mission
Rosetta will orbit comet 67P and accompany it on its journey to the Sun.
Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) Mission →
RXTE is a satellite that observes the fast-moving, high-energy worlds of black holes, neutron stars, X-ray pulsars and bursts of X-rays that light up the sky and then disappear forever.
SERVIR
The SERVIR initiative integrates satellite observations, ground-based data and forecast models to monitor and forecast environmental changes.
SMART 1
SMART 1's two part mission will test new technologies and explore darker regions of the Moon's south pole for the first time.
SOFIA
The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy--or SOFIA--is an airborne observatory that will complement the Hubble, Spitzer, Herschel and James Webb space telescopes, as well as major Earth-based telescopes.
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)
SOHO, designed to study the sun, from its deep core to its outer corona, is a cooperative program between ESA and NASA.
Solar Dynamics Observatory (sdo)
The Solar Dynamics Observatory began its mission on Feb. 11, 2010, in an effort to help us understand the sun's influence on Earth.
Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE)
A NASA-sponsored satellite mission that will provide state-of-the-art measurements of incoming x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and total solar radiation.
Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO)
STEREO continues its mission to capture 3D images of the sun.
Small Satellite Missions
Small satellite missions provide NASA with valuable opportunities to test emerging technologies and economical commercial off-the-shelf components, which may be useful in future space missions.
Spitzer Space Telescope
NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, studying the universe in infared.
Stardust-NExT
Exploring Comet Tempel 1
Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS)
A mission that was designed to study the chemical composition of interstellar gas clouds.
Suzaku
The Suzaku mission is a joint effort of JAXA and NASA designed to discover more about the x-ray universe.
Swift
The Swift mission seeks to tell us more about gamma-ray bursts, the most powerful explosions in the universe.
TacSat-2
TacSat-2 features 11 onboard experiments, which will be conducted during the spacecraft’s planned six to 12-month mission.
Terra
Terra is a multi-national, multi-disciplinary partnership between the U.S., Canada and Japan that is an important part of helping us better understand and protect our home planet.
THEMIS
The 2-year mission of Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms (THEMIS) is to track these violent, colorful eruptions near the North Pole.
Thermospere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Mission (TIMED)
The TIMED mission is studying the influences of the Sun and humans on the least explored region of Earth's atmosphere.
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS)
This system of satellites and ground stations makes up a portion of the Space Network and provides mission services for near Earth satellites and orbiting vehicles.
Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4)
The TC4 study will tackle challenging questions about Earth's ozone layer and climate using coordinated observations from satellites and high-flying NASA airplanes.
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)
TRMM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency designed to monitor and study tropical rainfall.
Voyager - The Interstellar Mission
Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 journey to study the region in space where the Sun's influence ends and the dark recesses of interstellar space begin.
WISE: Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
WISE will study the solar system, Milky Way and universe. Among the objects WISE will study are asteroids, the coolest and dimmest stars and the most luminous galaxies.
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)
A mission to take the first full sky picture of the early Universe.
Wind Mission
A mission to investigate the solar wind and its impact on the near-Earth environment.
XMM-Newton
The Mirror Modules on this x-ray observatory allow XMM-Newton to detect millions of sources, far more than any previous X-ray mission.

Tuesday, August 9, 2011

Heads of Important Offices in India

Dr. Manmohan Singh: Chairman, Planning Commission.
Ms. Meira Kumar: Speaker, Lok Sabha.
Mohammad Hamid Ansari: Chairman, Rajya Sabha.
Mr. K. Rahman Khan: Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha.
Mr. Karia Munda: Deputy Speaker, Lok Sabha.
Mrs. Sushma Swaraj : Leader of Opposition (Lok Sabha).
Mr. Arun Jaitley: Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha).
Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia: Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission.
Mr. S. Y. Quraishi: Chief Election Commissioner
Mr. V. S. Sampath : Election Commissioner.
Mr. Harishankar Brahma : Election Commissioner.
Mr. Vinod Rai : Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
Mr. Justice K. G. Balakrishnan : Chairperson, National Human Right Commission (NHRC)
Mr. Ajit Seth : Cabinet Secretary.
Mr. T. K. A. Nair : Principal Secretary to Prime Minister .
Mr. Justice M. N. Rao: Chairman, National Commission for Backward Classes.
Ms. Shanta Sinha: Chairperson, National Commission for Protection of Child Rights
Dr. Dr P.L Punia: Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Castes
Dr. Rameshwar Oraon : Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
Prof. D. P. Agrawal: Chairman, UPSC.
Dr. M. S. Swaminathan : Chairman, National Commission on Farmers.
Mr. Shiv Shankar Menon: National Security Adviser and Special Adviser to PM (Internal Security).
Mr. S. C. Sinha : Director-General, National Investigation Agency (NIA).
Mr. S. S. Khurana: Chairman, Railway Board.
Mr. Vivek Kumar Agnihotri: Secretary-General, Rajya Sabha
Mr. T. K. Viswanathan : Secretary-General, Lok Sabha.
Mr. Nehchal Sandhu: Director, IB.
Mr. A. P. Singh: Director, CBI.
Mr. Sanjeev Tripathi: Director, Research and Analysis Wing.
Mr. R. K. Medhekar : Director-General, NSG.
Mr. Vijay Kumar : Director-General, CRPF.
Mr. Raman Srivastava : Director-General, Border Security Force (BSF).
Mr. Niraj Ranjan Das : Director-General, Central Industrial Security Force (CISF).
Mr. Ranjit Sinha: Director-General, Railway Protection Force.
Mr. R. K. Bhatia: Director-General, Indo-Tibetan Border Police.
Mr. Y. S. Dadwal : Director-General, Sashastra Seema Bal.
Vice-Admiral Anil Chopra: Director-General, Coast Guard.
Lt. Gen. Avtar Singh: Director-General, Defence Intelligence Agency.
Mr. Sukhadeo Thorat : Chairman, UGC.
Mr. V. K. Saraswat : Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister and Secretary, Defence Research & Development Organisation.
Dr. R. Chidambaram : Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government.
Mr. K. Radhakrishnan: Chairman, Space Commission and ISRO.
Mr. Srikumar Banerjee : Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Dept. of Atomic Energy.
Mr. Wajahat Habibullah: Chairperson, National Commission for Minorities.
Mr. N. K. Raghupathy : Chairman, SSC.
Mr. Justice (Retd.) B. N. Kirpal: Chairman, National Forest Commission.
Dr. Amrita Patel: Chairperson, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB).
Lt. Gen. M. C. Badhani : Director-General, Border Roads Organisation.
Dr. Vishwa Mohan Katoch : Director-General, Indian Council of Medical Research.
Mr. C. Chandramouli : Registrar-General of India and Census Commissioner.
Mr. P. V. Reddy : Chairman, Law Commission.
Mr. Baldev Raj : President, Indian National Academy of Engineering.
Mr. Duvvuri Subbarao : Governor, RBI.
Mr. Justice G. N. Ray: Chairman, Press Council of India.
Mr. V. J. Darda : Chairman, Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC).
Mr. Prakash Chandra: Chairperson, Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT).
Mr. A. K. Singh: Chairman, Central Board of Excise & Customs.
Justice Arijit Pasayat : Chairperson, Competition Appellate Tribunal
Mr. S. K. Garg : CMD, NHPC.
Mr. R. S. Sharma: CMD, ONGC.
Mr. U. D. Choubey : CMD, GAIL.
Mr. S. Behuria : Chairman, IOC.
Mr. N. M. Borah: CMD, Oil India Ltd.
Mr. Ashok Ganguly: Chairman, CBSE.
Mr. U. K. Sinha: Chairman, Securities & Exchange Board of India.
Mr. Prakash Bakshi: Chairman, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).
Mr. Pratip Chaudhuri : Chairman, SBI.
Mr. V. P. Shetty : Chairman, IDBI.
Mr. S. Balasubramanian : Chairman, Company Law Board.
Mr. Hardeep Singh Puri : India's Permanent Representative to UN.
Mr. T. S. Vijayan : Chairman, LIC
Mr. A. K. Bajaj : Chairman, Central Water Commission.
Dr. Vijay L. Kelkar: Chairman, 13th Finance Commission.
Ms. Mamta Sharma : Chairperson, National Commission for Women.
Ms. Leela Samson: Chairperson, Central Board of Film Certification.
Dr. Gautam Sengupta : Director-General, Archaeological Survey of India.
Mr. Rajan Bharti Mittal : President, FICCI.
Mr. J. S. Sarma: Chairman, TRAI
Mr. R. N. Das : Director, Enforcement Directorate.
Mr. Yogesh Agarwal: Chairman, Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority.
Mr. Pradeep Kumar: Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC).
Dr. Ratan Kumar Sinha : Director, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre.
Mr. Satyanand Mishra : Chief Information Commissioner.
Prof. Krishan Kumar: Director, NCERT.
Mr. Hari S. Bharti: President, CII.
Mr. Sam Pitroda : Chairman, National Knowledge Commission.
Mr. Rajiv Takru : CEO, Prasar Bharti Board.
Mr. Ratan Tata : Chairman, Investment Commission.
Mr. Rajendra S. Pawar : Chairman, NASSCOM.
Mr. Swati Piramal: President, ASSOCHAM.
Mr. Manmohan Shetty : Chairman, National Film Development Corporation.
Mr. Ravindra Kumar: Chairman, United News of India.
Mr. N. Ravi : Chairman, PTI.
Mr. Hormusji N. Cama: President, Indian Newspaper Society.

Governors and Chief Ministers of States in India

States	Capitals	Governors	Chief Ministers
(1) Andhra Pradesh	Hyderabad	Mr. E.S.L.Narasimhan	Mr. N.Kiran Kumar Reddy
(2) Arunachal Pradesh	Itanagar	Gen. (Retd.) J. J. Singh	Mr. Jarbom Gamlin
(3) Assam	Dispur	Mr. J. B. Patnaik	Mr. Tarun Gogoi
(4) Bihar	Patna	Mr. Devanand Konwar	Mr. Nitish Kumar
(5) Chhattisgarh	Raipur	Mr. Shekhar Dutt	Dr. Raman Singh
(6) Goa	Panaji	Mr. S. S. Sidhu	Mr. Digambar V. Kamat
(7) Gujarat	Gandhinagar	Dr. Kamla	Mr. Narendra Modi
(8) Haryana	Chandigarh	Mr. Jagannath Pahadia	Mr. Bhupinder S. Hooda
(9) Himachal Pradesh	Shimla	Ms. Urmila Singh	Mr. Prem Kumar Dhumal
(10) Jammu and Kashmir	Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)	Mr. N. N. Vohra	Mr. Omar Abdullah
(11) Jharkhand	Ranchi	Mr. M. O. H. Farook	Mr. Arjun Munda
(12) Karnataka	Bengaluru	Mr. Hans Raj Bhardwaj	Mr. DV Sadananda Gowda
(13) Kerala	Thiruvananthapuram	Mr. Ramkrishna S. Gavai	Mr. V. S. Achuthanandan
(14) Madhya Pradesh	Bhopal	Mr. Rameshwar Thakur	Mr. Shivraj Singh Chauhan
(15) Maharashtra	Mumbai	Mr. K. Sankaranarayan	Mr. Prithviraj Chavan
(16) Manipur	Imphal	Mr. Gurbachan Jagat	Mr.Okram Ibobi Singh
(17) Meghalaya	Shillong	Mr. R. S. Mooshahary	Mr. Mukul A. Sangma
(18) Mizoram	Aizawl	Lt Gen. (Retd.) M M. Lakhera	Mr.Lalthanhawla
(19) Nagaland	Kohima	Mr. Nikhil Kumar	Mr. Neiphiu Rio
(20) Orissa	Bhubaneswar	Mr. M. C. Bhandare	Mr. Naveen Patnaik
(21) Punjab	Chandigarh	Mr. Shivraj V. Patil	Mr. Parkash Singh Badal
(22) Rajasthan	Jaipur	Mr. Shivraj V. Patil (Acting)	Mr. Ashok Gehlot
(23) Sikkim	Gangtok	Mr. Balmiki Prasad Singh	Mr. Pawan Chamling
(24) Tamil Nadu	Chennai	Mr. S. S. Barnala	Ms. Jayalalithaa
(25) Tripura	Agartala	Mr. D. Y. Patil	Mr. Manik Sarkar
(26) Uttarakhand	Dehradun	Ms. Margaret Alva	Mr. Ramesh Pokhriyal
(27) Uttar Pradesh	Lucknow	Mr. B. L. Joshi	Ms. Mayawati
(28) West Bengal	Kolkata	Mr. M. K. Narayanan	Ms. Mamata Banerjee

List of World Presidents & Prime Ministers

● Afghanistan: President - Hamid Karzai; Capital - Kabul.

● Algeria: President - Abdelaziz Bouteflika; Prime Minister - Ahmed Ouyahia; Capital-
Algiers.

● Argentina: President- Ms. Cristina Fernandez Kirchner; Capital- Buenos Aires.

● Australia: Governor-General- Ms. Quentin Bryce; PRIME MINISTER- Kevin Rudd; Capital (Federal)- Canberra.

● Austria: President- Heinz Fischer; Chancellor-Werner Faymann, Capital- Vienna.

● Bahrain: King - Hamad ibn al-Khalifah; Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifah Sulman al-Khalifah; Capital- Manama.

● Bangladesh: President - Zillur Rahman; PRIME MINISTER - Ms. Sheikh Hasina; Capital- Dhaka.

● Belarus: President- Alexander Lukashenko; Prime Minister - Sergei Sidorsky; Capital- Minsk.

● Belgium: King - Albert II; Prime Minister-Herman Van Rompuy; Capital- Brussels.

● Bhutan: King - Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuk; Prime Minister-Jigmi Y. Thinley;
Capital – Thimphu

● Bolivia: President- Evo Morales; Capital – La Paz.

● Brazil: President- Ms. Dilma Rousseff; Capital - Brasilia.

● Bulgaria: President - Georgi Purvanov; Prime Minister - Boyko Borisov; Capital-
Sofia.

● Burkina Faso: President – Blaise Compaore; Prime Minister – Tertius Zongo; Capital-

Ouagadougou.

● Cambodia: King - Norodom Sihamoni; Prime Minister - Hun Sen; Capital – Phnom Penh.

● Canada: Governor-General Ms. Michaelle Jean; PRIME MINISTER - Stephen Harper; Capital- Ottawa.

● Chile: President - Ms. Sebastian Pinera; Capital - Santiago.

● China: President- Hu Jintao; Prime Minister-Wen Jiabao; Capital- Beijing.

● Colombia: President- Juan Manuel Santos; Capital - Bogota.

● Croatia: President - Stjepan Mesic; Prime Minister -Dr. Ivo Sanader; Capital-Zagreb.

● Cuba: President- Raul Castro; Capital -Havana.

● Czech Republic: President- Vaclav Klaus; Prime Minister -Jan Fischer; Capital-Prague.

● Denmark: Queen - Margrethe II; Prime Minister- Lars Lokke Rasmussen; Capital - Copenhagen.

● Ecuador: President- Rafael Correa; Capital-Quito.

● Egypt: President - Mohamed Hussein Tantawi (Acting); Capital-Cairo.

● Finland: President - Ms. Tarja Halonen; Prime Minister - Matti Vanhanen; Capital-Helsinki.

● France: President- Nicolas Sarkozy; Prime Minister - Francois Fillon; Capital- Paris.

● Germany: President - Horst Koehler; Chancellor - Ms. Angela Merkel; Capital-Berlin.

● Guyana: President - Bharrat Jagdeo; Prime Minister - Samuel Hinds; Capital- Georgetown.

● Greece: President – Karolos Papoulias; Prime Minister – George Papandreou; Capital - Athens.

● Hungary: President- Pal Schmitt; PRIME MINISTER - Viktor Orban; Capital- Budapest.

● Indonesia: President - Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono; Capital- Jakarta.

● Iran: President - Mahmoud Ahmadinejad; Capital- Teheran.

● Iraq: President -Jalai Talabani; Prime Minister - Nuri al-Maliki, Capital- Baghdad.

● Ireland: President- Ms. Mary McAleese; Prime Minister - Brian Cowen, Capital- Dublin.

● Israel: President - Shimon Peres; PRIME MINISTER - Benjamin Netanyahu; Capital- Jerusalem.

● Italy: President - Georgio Napolitano; Prime Minister- Silvio Berlusconi; Capital- Rome.

● Japan: Emperor- Akihito; Prime Minister: Naoto Kan; Capital- Tokyo.

● Jordan: King - Abdullah II; Prime Minister-Nader al-Dahabi; Capital- Amman.

● Kazakhstan: President - Nursultan A. Nazarbayev; Prime Minister – Karim Masimov; Capital- Astana.

● Kenya: President - Mwai Kibaki; Prime Minister - Raila Odinga; Capital - Nairobi.

● Korea, North: President – Marshal Kim Jong II; Prime Minister – Hong Song Nam;
Capital- Pyongyang.

● Korea, South: President-, Lee Myung-Bak; Prime Minister - Kim Hwang-sik; Capital -
Seoul.

● Kuwait: Emir - Sheikh Sabah ai-Ahmad al-Sabah; Capital - Kuwait.

● Kyrgyzstan: President (Interim) – Kurmanbek Bakiyey; Prime Minister - Daniyar Usenov
Capital - Bishkek.

● Madagascar: President - Andy Rajoelina; Prime Minister - Eugene Mangalaza; Capital-
Antananarivo.

● Malaysia: King - T. S. S. Syed Putra Jamalullail; Prime Minister- Najib Tun Razak; Capital-Kuala Lumpur.

● Maldives: President - Mohammed "Anni" Nasheed; Capital - Male.

● Mauritius: President - Anerood Jugnauth; Prime Minister - Navinchandra Ramgoolam; Capital - Port Louis.

● Mexico: President – Felipe Calderon; Capital – Mexico City.

● Mongolia: President - Nambaryn Enkhbayar; Prime Minister - Sukhbaatar Batblod; Capital - Ulan Bator.

● Montenegro: President - Filip Vujanovic; Prime Minister-Milo Dukanovic; Capital – Podgorica

● Morocco: King - Mohammed VI; Prime Minister - Abbas El Fassi; Capital - Rabat.

● Myanmar (Burma) : Head of Govt. : Gen. Than Shwe; Capital - Nyapidaw.

● Nepal: President - Dr. Ram Baran Yadav; Prime Minister – Jhala Nath Khanal; Capital -Kathmandu.

● Netherlands: Queen - Beatrix; Capital-Amsterdam.

● New Zealand: Governor-General – Anand Satyanand; PrimeMinister - John Key; Capital-
Wellington.

● Nigeria: President - Goodluck Jonathan; Capital - Abuja.

● Norway: King - Harald V; Prime Minister – Jens Stoltenberg; Capital - Oslo.

● Pakistan: President - Asif Ali Zardari; Prime Minister - Syed Yousuf Raza Gilani; Capital -Islamabad. .

● Panama: President - Ricardo Martenelli; Capital - Panama City.

● Paraguay: President - Fernando Lugo; Capital – Asuncion

● Peru: President - Alan Garcia; Prime Minister -Javier Velasquez; Capital- Lima.

● Philippines: President - Ms. Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo; Capital - Manila.

● Poland: President - Lech Kaczynski; Prime Minister- Donald Tusk; Capital- Warsaw.

● Portugal: President - Amibal Cavaco Silva; Prime Minister - Jose Socrates; Capital-
Lisbon.

● Romania: President - Traian Basecue; Prime Minister - Emil Boc; Capital - Bucharest.

● Russia: President - Dmitry Medvedev; Prime Minister - Vladimir Putin; Capital - Moscow.

● Rwanda: President - Paul Kagame; Prime Minister - Bernard Makuza; Capital -Kigali.

● Saudi Arabia : King - Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz al Saud; Capital- Riyadh.

● Serbia: President - Boris Tadic; Prime Minister - Mirko Cvetkovic; Capital - Belgrade.

● Singapore: President - S. R. Nathan; PRIME MINISTER - Lee Hsien Loong; Capital - Singapore.

● Slovakia: President - Ivan Gasparovic; Prime Minister - Robert Fico; Capital-Bratislava.

● South Africa : President- Jacob Zuma; Capital-Cape Town (Legislative) and Tshwane
(Formerly Pretoria) (Administrative).

● Spain: King - Juan Carlos I; Prime Minister-Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero; Capital -Madrid.

● Sri Lanka: President - Mahinda Rajapaksa; Prime Minister - – D.M. Jayaratne; Capital- Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (Colombo).

● Sudan: President - Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir; Capital - Khartoum.

● Sweden: King - Carl XVI Gustaf; PRIME MINISTER – Fredrik Reinfeldt; Capital - Stockholm.

● Switzerland: President - Hans-Rudolf Merz; Capital – Berne

● Syria: President - Bashar Al-Assad; Prime Minister - Muhammad Naji al-Otari; Capital- Damascus.

● Taiwan: President - Ma Ying-jeou; Prime Minister -Wu Den-yih; Capital – Taipei.

● Turkey: President - Abdullah Gul; Prime Minister - Recep Tayyip Erdogan; Capital- Ankara.

● Ukraine: President - Victor Yushchenko; Prime Minister- Mykola Azarov; Capital- Kiev.

● United Arab Emirates: Prime Minister- Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al-Maktoum;
Capital- Abu Dhabi.

● United Kingdom: Queen - Elizabeth II; Prime Minister - Gordon Brown; Capital - London.

● United States of America: President – Barack Obama; Secretary of State -Ms. Hillary Clinton; Capital- Washington, D.C.

● Uzbekistan: President - Islam A. Karimov; Prime Minister - Shavkat Mirziyayev; Capital- Tashkent.

● Venezuela: President - Hugo Chavez Frias; Capital - Caracas.

● Vietnam: President - Nguyen Minh Triet; Prime Minister - Nguyen Tan Dung; Capital-
Hanoi.

● Zimbabwe: President - Robert G. Mugabe; PRIME MINISTER - Morgan Tsvangirai; Capital- Harare.

Sunday, August 7, 2011

Trophies in Indian Sports

TROPHY	SPORTS
Agarwal Cup	Badminton
Agha Khan Cup	Hockey
All-India Women’s Guru Nanak Championship	Hockey
Bandodkar Trophy	Football
Bangalore Blues Challenge Cup	Basketball
Barna-Bellack Cup	Table Tennis
Beighton Cup	Hockey
Bombay Gold Cup	Hockey
Burdwan Trophy	Weight-lifting
Charminar Trophy	Athletics
Chadha Cup	Badminton
C. K. Naydu Trophy	Cricket
Chakoia Gold Trophy	Football
Divan Cup	Badminton
Deodhar Trophy	Cricket
Duleep Trophy	Cricket
D. C. M. Cup	Football
Durand Cup	Football
Dhyan Chand Trophy	Hockey
Dr. B. C. Roy Trophy (Junior)	Football
Ezra Cup	Polo
F. A. Cup	Football
G. D. Birla Trophy	Cricket
Ghulam Ahmed Trophy	Cricket
Gurmeet Trophy	Hockey
Gura Nanak Cup	Hockey
Gyanuati Devi Trophy	Hockey
Holkar Trophy	Bridge
lrani Trophy	Cricket
I. F. A. Shield	Football
lndira Gold Cup	Hockey
Jawaharlal Challenge	Air Racing
Jaswant Singh Trophy	Best Services Sportsman
Kuppuswamy Naidu Trophy	Hockey
Lady Rattan Tata Trophy	Hockey
MCC Trophy	Hockey
Moinuddaula Gold Cup	Cricket
Murugappa Gold Cup	Hockey
Modi Gold Cup	Hockey
Narang Cup	Badminton
Nehru Trophy	Hockey
Nixan Gold Cup	Football
Obaid Ullah Gold Cup	Hockey
Prithi Singh Cup	Polo
Rani Jhansi Trophy	Cricket
Ranjit Trophy	Cricket
Rangaswami Cup	Hockey
Ranjit Singh Gold Cup	Hockey
Rajendra Prasad Cup	Tennis
Ramanujan Trophy	Table Tennis
Rene Frank Trophy	Hockey
Radha Mohan Cup	Polo
Raghbir Singh Memorial	Football
Rohinton Baria Trophy	Cricket
Rovers Cup	Football
Sanjay Gold Cup	Football
Santosh Trophy	Football
Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee	Football
Subroto Cup	Football
Scindia Gold Cup	Hockey
Sahni Trophy	Hockey
Sheesh Mahal Trophy	Cricket
Todd Memorial Trophy	Football
Tommy Eman Gold Cup	Hockey
Vittal Trophy	Football
Vizzy Trophy	Cricket
Vijay Merchant Trophy	Cricket
Wellington Trophy	Rowing

Famous Books by Indian Authors

Books	Author
A Bend in the river	V S Naipaul
A Brush with Life	Satish Gujral
A Conceptual Encyclopaedia of Guru Granth Sahib	S S Kohli
A Foreign Policy for India	I K Gujral
A Himalayan Love Story	Namita Gokhale
A Nation Flawed-Lesson from Indian History	P N Chopra
A Peep into the Past	Vasant Navrekar
A Possible India	Partha Chatterjee
A Psychoanalysis of the Prophets	Abdulla Kamal
A Reveolutionary Life	Laxmi Sehgal
A Secular Agenda	Arun Shourie
A Suitable Boy	Vikram Seth
Acoession to Extinction	D R Mankekar
Across Borders, Fifty-years of India’s Foreign Policy	J N Dixit
Adhe Adhure	Mohan Rakesh
After the Dark Night	S M Ali
Agni Pariksha	Acharya Tulsi
Agni Veena	Kazi Nazrul Islam
Ain-i-Akbari	Abul Fazal
Ajatshatru	Jai Shankar Prasad
Akbarnama	Abul Fazal
Amar Kosh	Amar Singh
An Autobiography	Jawaharlal Nehru
An idealist View of Life	Dr S Radhakrishnan
Anandmath	Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Anatomy of a Flawed inheritance	J N Dixit
Anguish of Deprived	Lakshmidhar Mishra
Answer to History	Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Area of Darkness	V S Naipaul
Arion and the Dolphin	Vikram Seth
Arthashastra	Kautilya
Ashtadhyayi	Panini
Asia and Western Dominance	K M Panikkar
Assassination of a Prime Minister	S Anandram
Assignment Colombo	J N Dixit
Atoms of Hope	Mohan Sundara Rajan
Autobiography of an Unknown Indian	Nirad C Chaudhuri
Backward Place	Ruth Prawer Jhabwala
Bandicoot Run	Manohar Malgonkar
Bang-i-Dara	Mohammad lqbal
Beginning of the Beginning	Acharya Rajneesh
Bend in the Ganges	Manohar Malgonkar
Between the Lines	Kuldip Nayar
Bewildered India-Identity, Pluralism, Discord	Rasheedud-din Khan
Beyond Boundaries: A Memoire	Swaraj Paul
Beyond Modernisation, Beyond Self	Sisir Kumar Ghose
Bhagwat Gita	Veda Vyas
Bharal Aur Europe	Nirmal Verma
Bharat Bharati	Maithili Sharan Gupta
Bharaitya Parampara Ke Mool Swar	Govind Chandra Pande
Bisarjan	R N Tagore
Blind Men of Hindoostan-indo-Pak Nuclear War	Gen Krishnaswamy Sundarji
Bliss was it in that Dawn	Minoo Masani
Borders & Boundaries: Women in India’s Partition	Ritu Menon & Kamla Bhasin
Bostaan	Sheikh Saadi
Bread, Beauty and Revolution	Khwaja Ahmed Abbas
Breaking the Silence	Anees Jung
Breakthrough	Gen Moshe Dayan
Bride for the Sahib and Other Stories	Khushwant Singh
Bridge’s Book of Beauty	Mulk Raj Anand
Brishbikkha	Bankim Chandra Chatterji
Britain’s True History	Prem Bhatia
Broken Wings	Sarojini Naidu
Bubble	Mulk Raj Anand
Buddha Charitam	Ashvaghosha
Bunch of Old Letters	Jawaharlal Nehru
By God’s Decree	Kapil Dev
Canvass of Life	Sheila Gujral
Chandalika	Rabindranath Tagore
Chemmeen	Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
Chidambara	Sumitranandan Pant
Chikaveera Rajendra	Masti Venkatesh lyengar
Chinese Betrayal	B N Mullick
Chitra	Rabindranath Tagore
Choma’s Drum	K Shivaram Karanath
Chithirappaavai	P V Akilandam
Confessions of a Lover	Mulk Raj Anand
Confrontation with Pakistan	Gen B M Kaul
Conquest of Self	Mahatma Gandhi
Continent of Circle	Nirad C Chaudhuri
Coolie	Mulk Raj Anand
Court Dancer	Rabindranath Tagore
Crescent Moon	Rabindranath Tagore
Crescent Over Kashmir	Anil Maheshwari
Crisis into Chaos	E M S Namboodiripad
Crossing the Sacred Line-Women’s	Abhilasha Kumari, Sabina
Search for Political Power	Abhilasha & Sabina Kidwai
Crown and the Loincloth	Chaman Nahal
Cuckold	Kiran Nagar Kar
Culture in the Vanity Bag	Nirad C Chaudhuri
Curtain Raisers	K Natwar Singh
Dark Room	R K Narayan
Dashkumar Charitam	Dandi
Daughter of the East	Benazir Bhutto
Day in Shadow	Nayantara Sehgal
Days of My Yers	H P Nanda
Death of a City	Amrita Pritam
Death-The Supreme Friend	Kakasaheb Kalelkar
Decline and Fall of Indira Gandhi	D R Mankekar and Kamala Mankekar
Democracy Redeemed	V K Narsimhan
Devadas	Sarat Chandra Chatterjee
Dharmashastra	Manu
Discovery of India	Jawaharlal Nehru
Distant Drums	Manohar Malgonkar
Distant Neighbours	Kuldip Nayar
Divine Comedy	A Dante
Divine Life	Swami Sivananda
Don’t Laugh-We are Police	Bishan Lal Vohra
Dream in Hawaii	Bhabani Bhattacharya
Durgesh Nandini	Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Dynamics of Social Change	Chandra Shekhar
Earth in the Balance: Forging a New	Albert Gore
East of Eden	B N Mullick
East West	Salman Rushdie
Economic Planning of India	Ashok Mehta
Economics of the Third World	S K Ray
Eight Lives	Rajmohan Gandhi
End of an Era	C S Pandit
English August	Upamanyu Chatterjee
Essays On Gita	Aurobindo Ghosh
Eternal Himalayas	Major H P S Ahluwalia
Eternal India	Indira Gandhi
Eternity	Anwar Shaikh
Faces to Everest	Maj H P S Ahluwalia
Facts are Facts	Khan Abdul Wali Khan
Faith & Fire: A Way Within	Madhu Tandon
Fall of a Sparrow	Salim Ali
Farewell to a Ghost	Manoj Das
Fasana-i-Azad	Ratan Nath Sarkar
Flames from the Ashes	P D Tandon
Food, Nutrition and Poverty in India	V K R V Rao
Forbidden Sea	Tara Ali Baig
Fortynine Days	Amrita Pritam
Freedom Behind Bars	Sheikh Mohd Abdullah
Friends and Foes	Sheikh Mujibur Rehman
Friends, Not Masters	Ayub Khan
From india to America	S Chandrashekhar
From Rajpath to Lokpath	Vijaya Raja Scindia
Future of NPT	Savita Pande
Ganadevata	Tara Shankar Bandopadhyaya
Gardener	Rabindra Nath Tagore
Geeta Govind	Jaya Dev
Ghasiram Kotwal	Vijay Tendulkar
Gita Rahasya	Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Gitanjali	Rabindra Nath Tagore
Glimpses of Indian Ocean	Z A Quasim
Glimpses of World History	Jawaharlal Nehru
Goa	Asif Currimbhoy
Godan	Munshi Prem Chand
Godrej: A Hundred Years	B K Karanjia
Golden Gate	Vikram Seth
Golden Threshold	Sarojini Naidu
Gora	Rabindra Nath Tagore
Great Depression of 1990	Ravi Batra
Guide	R K Narayan
Gul-e-Naghma	Raghupati Sahai ‘Firaq’ Gorakhpuri
Gulistan Boston	Sheikh Saadi
Gulzari Lal Nanda: A Peep	Promilla Kalhan
in the Service of the People	Promilla Kalhan
Gurusagaram	O V Vijayan
Harsha Charita	Bana Bhatt
Harvest	Majula Padmanabhan
Heat and Dust	Ruth Prawer Jhabwala
Heavy Weather	P G Wodehouse
Henry Esmond	Thackeray
Heir Apparent	Dr Karan Singh
Higher than Hope	Fatima Meer
Himalayan Blunder	Brig J P Dalvi
Hindu View of Life	Dr S Radhakrishnan
History of Hindu Chemistry	Sir P C Ray
Hitopadesh	R K Narayan
Hindi Sahitya Aur Samvedna Ka Vikas	R S Chaturvedi
Hind Swaraj	M K Gandhi
Hindu Civilisation	J M Barrie
Hinduism	Nirad C Chaudhary
Hungry Stones	Rabindra Nath Tagore
I am not an Island	K A Abbas
I Dare	Parmesh Dangwal
I follow the Mahatma	K M Munshi
I Muse; Therefore I am	V N Narayanan
Idols	Sunil Gavaskar
In the Light of the Black Sun	Rohit Manchanda
In the Shadow of Pines	Mandeep Rai
India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium	Dr A P J Abdul Kalam & Dr Y S Rajan
India-A Wounded Civilisation	V S Naipaul
India-From Curzon to Nehru and After	Durga Dass
India-From Midnight to the Millennium	Shashi Tharoor
India-Independence Festival (1947-1997)	Raghu Rai
India in Transition	Prof Jagdish Bhagwati
India is for Sale	Chitra Subramaniam
India of Our Dreams	M V Kamath
India Today	Rajni Palme Dutt
Indian Home Rule	M K Gandhi
Indian Philosophy	Dr S Radhakrishnan
India’s Culture the State the Arts & Beyond	B P Singh
India’s Economic Crisis	Dr Bimal Jalan
Essay’s for Manmohan Singh	I J Ahluwalia & M D Little
Indian Arms Bazaar	Maj-Gen, Pratap Narain
India Divided	Rajendra Prasad
India Wins Freedom	Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Indian Muslims	Prof Mohd Mujeeb
India, the Critial Years	Kuldip Nayar
Indira Gandhi’s Emergence and Style	Nayantara Sehgal
Indira’s India	S Nihal Singh
Inside the CBI	Joginder Singh
Insider	P V Narsimha Rao
Intelligence Services	Dr Bhashyam Kasturi
It is Always Possible	Kiran Bedi
Jai Somnath	K M Munshi
Jaguar Smile	Salman Rushdie
Jajar, Churashir Maa	Mahashweta Devi
Jankijeevanam	Prof Rajendra Mishra
Jawaharlal Nehru-A Communicator	Damodaran, A. K.
& Democratic Leader	A K Damodran
Jawaharlal Nehru, Rebel and Statesman	B R Nanda
Junglee Girl	Ginu Kamani
Kadambari	Bana Bhatt
Kamadhenu	Kubernath Ray
Kamasutra	Vatsyayan
Kagaz Te Kanwas	Amrita Pritam
Kamayani	Jai Shankar Pandit
Kali Aandhi	Kamleshwar
Kanthapura	Raja Rao
Kanyadaan	Vijay Tendulkar
Kapal Kundala	Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Kashmir-A Tale of Shame	Hari Jaisingh
Kashmir-Behind the Vale	M J Akbar
Kashmir Diary: Psychology of Militancy	Gen Arjun Ray
Kashmir-The Wounded Valley	Ajit Bhattacharjee
Kashmir in the Crossfire	Victoria Shaffield
Kashmir A Tragedy of Errors	Tavleen Singh
Katghare Main	Ram Sharan Joshi
Kayakalp	Munshi Prem Chand
Kayar	Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
Keepers of the Keys	Milan Kundera
King of Dark Chamber	Rabindra Nath Tagore
Kiratarjuniya	Bharavi
Kitni Navon Main Kitni Bar	S H Vatsyayan
Koraner Nari	Taslima Nasreen
Kore Kagaz	Amrita Pritam
Kulliyat	Ghalib
Kumar Sambhava	Kalidas
Lajja	Taslima Nasreen
Lal Bahadur Shastri	C P Srivastava
Last Phase	Pyare Lal
Law, Lawyers & Judges	H R Bhardwaj
Laws Versus Justice	V R Krishna Iyer
Legacy of a Divided Nation	Prof Mushirul Hasan
Life Divine	Aurobindo Ghosh
Life is Elsewhere	Milan Kundera
Lipika	Rabindranath Tagore
Lost Child	Mulk Raj Anand
Love and Longing in Bombay	Vikram Chandra
Love in A Blue Time	Hanif Khureshi
Love, Truth and A Little Malice	Khushwant Singh
Mahabharata	Vyasa
Malati Madhav	Bhavabhuti
Magnificent Maharaja	K Natwar Singh
Mahatma Gandhi	Girija Kumar Mathur
Malavikagnimitra	Kalidas
Manviya Sanskriti Ke Rachnatmak Aayam	Prof Raghuvansh
Many Worlds	K P S Menon
Mati Matal	Gopinath Mohanty
Meghdoot	Kalidas
Memoris of a Bystander: Life in Diplomacy	lqbal Akhund
Men Who Killed Gandhi	Manohar Malgonkar
Meri Rehen Meri Manzil	Krishna Puri
Midnight’s Children	Salman Rushdie
Million Mutinies Now	V S Naipaul
Missed Oppertunites: Indo-Pak War 1965	Maj-Gen, Lakshman Singh
Mistaken identity	Nayantara Sehgal
Modern South Asia: History, Culture,	Sugata Bose, Ayesha Jalal
Political Economy	Sugata Bose & Ayesha Jalal
Modernity Morality And The Mahatma	Madhuri Santhanam Sondhi
Mondays on Dark Night of Moon	Kirin Narayan
Mookhajjiva Kanasugalu	K Shivram Karanth
Moor’s Last Sigh	Salman Rushdie
Mrinalini	Bankim Chandra Charrerjee
Mritunjaya	Shivaji Sawant
Mrs Gandhi’s Second Reign	Arun Shourie
Mudra rakshasa	Vishakhadatta
Mughal Maharajas And The Mahatma	K R N Swami
Muslim Law and the Constitution	A M Bhattacharjea
My Days	R K Narayan
My Early Life	M K Gandhi
My Experiment With Truth	M K Gandhi
My Life and Times	V V Giri
My Own Boswell	M Hidayatullah
My India	S Nihal Singh
My Music, My Love	Ravi Shankar
My Presidential Years	Ramaswamy Venkataraman
My Truth	Indira Gandhi
My South Block Years	J N Dixit
My Struggles	E K Nayanar
My Prison Diary	J P Narayan
Naari	Humayun Azad
Naganandan	Harsha Vardhana
Naku Thanthi	D R Bendre
Nai Duniya Ko Salam & Pathor Ki Dewar	Ali Sardar Jafri
Naivedyam (The Offering)	N Balamani Amma
Naked Triangle	Balwant Gargi
Nehru Family and Sikhs	Harbans Singh
Netaji-Dead or Alive	Samar Guha
New Dimensions of India’s Foreign Policy	Atal Behari Vajpayee
Nice Guys Finish Second	B K Nehru
Nisheeth	Uma Shankar Joshi
Niti-Sataka	Bhartrihari
Nirbashita Narir Kabita	Taslima Nasreen
Non-Violence in Peace and War	M K Gandhi
Nuclear India	G G Mirchandani and P K S
Nurturing Development	Ismail Serageldin
Odakkuzal	G Shankara Kurup
One-eyed Uncle	Laxmikant Mahapatra
One World to Share	Sridath Ramphal
Operation Bluestar-the True Story	Lt-Gen K S Brar
Our Films, Their Films	Satyajit Ray
Our India	Minoo Masani
Out of Dust	F D Karaka
Padmavati	Malik Mohammed Jayasi
Painter of Signs	R K Narayan
Pakistan in the 20th Century	Lawrence Ziring
Pakistan Papers	Mani Shankar Aiyer
Panchagram	Tarashankar Bandopadhyaya
Panchtantra	Vishnu Sharma
Pakistan Cut to Size	D R Mankekar
Passage to England	Nirad C Chaudhuri
Past Forward	G R Narayanan
Pather Panchali	Bibhuti Bhushan Bandyopadhyaya
Pinjar	Amrita Pritam
Plans for Departure	Nayantara Sehgal
Portrait of India	Ved Mehta
Post Office	Rabindranath Tagore
Prathama Pratishruti	Ashapurna Devi
Prem Pachisi	Prem Chand
Premonitions	P N Haksar
Price of Partition	Rafiq Zakaria
Prison and Chocolate Cake	Nayantara Sehgal
Prison Diary	Jayaprakash Narayan
Prisoner’s Scrapbook	L K Advani
Prithviraj Raso	Chand Bardai
Profiles & Letters	K Natwar Singh
Punjab, The Knights of Falsehood	K P S Gill
Quest for Conscience	Madhu Dandavate
Radharani	Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Raghuvamsa	Kalidas
Rajtarangini	Kalhana
Ram Charit Manas	Tulsidas
Ramayana	Maharishi Valmiki (in Sanskrit)
Ramayana Dharshanam	K V Puttappa
Rangbhoomi	Prem Chand
Rang-e-Shairi	Raghupati Sahai ‘Firaq’ Gorakhpuri
Ratnavali	Harsha Vardhan
Ravi Paar (Across the Ravi)	Gulzar
Rediscovering Gandhi	Yogesh Chadha
Reminiscences of the Nehru Age	M O Mathai
Return of the Aryans	Bhagwan S Gidwani
Returning to the Source	Acharya Rajneesh
Revenue Stamp	Amrita Pritam
Rich Like Us	Nayantara Sehgal
Ritu Ka Pehla Phool	Vijendra
Ritu Samhara	Kalidas
River Sutra	Gita Mehta
Road to Freedom	K K Khullar
Rukh Te Rishi	Harbhajan Singh
Sader-i-Riyasat	Karan Singh
Sardar Patel and Indian Muslims	Rafiq Zakaria
Sakharam Binder	Vijay Tendulkar
Saket	Maithili Sharan Gupta
Satyartha Prakash	Swami Dayanand
Satanic Verses	Salman Rushdie
Savitri	Aurobindo Ghosh
Sceptred Flute	Sarojini Naidu
Scholar Extraordinary	Nirad C Chaudhuri
Scope of Happiness	Vijayalakshmi Pandit
Search for Home	Sasthi Brata
Sense of Time	S H Vatsyayan
Seven Summers	Mulk Raj Anand
Tamas	Bhisham Sahni
Tarkash	Javed Akhtar
Tehriq-e-Mujahideen	Dr Sadiq Hussain
The Assassination	K Mohandas
The Betrayal of East Pakistan	Lt Gen A A K
The Calcutta Chromosome	Amitav Ghosh
The Career & Legend of Vasco de Gama	Sanjay Subramanyam
The Chinese Betrayal	B N Mullick
The Congress Splits	R P Rao
The Defeat or Distant Drumbeats	Bhaskar Roy
Unhappy India	Lala Lajpat Rai
Until Darkness	Parvin Ghaffari
Utouchable	Mulk Raj Anand
Urvashi	Ramdhari Singh ‘Dinkar’
Uttar Ramcharita	Bhava Bhuti
Untold Story	Gen B M Kaul
Vanity Fair	Thackeray
Vendor of Sweets	R K Narayan
Venisamhara	Narayana Bhatt
Village by the Sea	Anita Desai
Village	Mulk Raj Anand
Vinay Patrika	Tulsidas
Virangana	Maithili Sharan Gupta
Vish Vriksha	Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Voice of Conscience	V V Giri
Voice of Freedom	Nayantara Sehgal
Waiting for the Mahatma	R K Narayan
Walls of Glass	K A Abbas
War and No Peace Over Kashmir	Maroof Raza
War of Indian Independence	Vir Savarkar
We, Indians	Khushwant Singh
We, the People	N A Palkhivala
Widening Divide	Rafiq Zakaria
Wings of fire, an Autobiography	Dr A P J Abdul Kalam & A. Tiwari
Witness to History	Prem Bhatia
Without Fear or Favour	Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Women and Men in My Life	Khushwant Singh
Worshipping False Gods	Arun Shourie
Wreck	Rabindra Nath Tagore
Yajnaseni	Dr Pratibha Roy
Yama	Mahadevi Verma
Yashodhara	Maithili Sharan Gupta
Yayati	V S Khandekar
Year of the Vulture	Amita Malik
Years of Pilgrimage	Dr Raja Ramanna
Yesterday and Today	K P S Menon
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto & Pakistan	Rafi Raza

Anglo Maratha wars

War with Marathas

1. First Anglo Maratha War (1775-82)
2. Second Anglo- Maratha War (1803-1806)
3. Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-1818)

Anglo-Maratha Treaties

1. Treaty of Surat (1775)
2. Treaty of Purandhar (1776)
3. Treaty of Wadgaon (1779)
4. Treaty of Salbai (1782)
5. Treaty of Bassein (1802)
6. Treaty of Deogaon (1803)
7. Treaty of Surji Arjangaon (1803)
8. Treaty of Rajpurghat(1805)
9. Treaty of Poona (1817)
10. Treaty of Gwalior (1817)
11. Treaty of Mandasor (1818)

Poets in Ancient India in Ancient India

Saturday, August 6, 2011

Books and Authors in Ancient India

Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture in India

Inland fisheries resources of India are noted as much for their heterogeneity in composition as for their rich production potential. India is bestowed with vast and varied inland fisheries resources comprising rivers and canals, reservoirs, ponds and tanks, floodplain lakes and wetlands and brackish-waters. Besides, substantial area amenable for coldwater fisheries exists in the medium and higher-altitudes of the Himalayan belt. Inland fisheries including aquaculture have been a vital source of food, nutrition, employment and economic gain for humanity, since ancient times. However, the sector has assumed more significance in recent years, especially in developing countries like India, due to the large contributions to the overall fish production, nutritional security and gainful employment generation.

India is the second largest producer of fish in the world contributing to 5.5 per cent of global fish production. India is also a major producer of fish through aquaculture and ranks second in the world after China. The total fish production achieved during 2010-11 (provisional) is at 8.03 million metric tonnes and the contribution of fish from inland sector alone is at 5.07 million metric tonnes which is about 63% of overall fish production. As per the estimates of Central Statistical Organization (CSO), the values of output from fisheries sector at current price during 2009-10 was 67,913 crore which is 4.9 per cent of the total output of Agriculture and allied sectors. It is one of the major contributors to India’s exports. During 2010-11 (Provisional) the volume of fish and fish products exported was 7,52,791 tonnes worth 12,100 crore.

Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production sector with an annual growth of around 7 per cent. It has been estimated that by the end of XI Five Year Plan (2011-12) the demand for fish and fish products would be around 9.74 million tons, and this increase has to be mostly met from aquaculture and culture based captured fisheries in reservoirs. Taking into consideration the vast aquatic resources in the country, the target seems achievable.

Although, it has long been recognized that fish production from inland waters can play a definite role in mitigating the protein deficiency in India, this resource is not contributing to the nutrition requirement of Indian masses to the extent that it should have been .This has been mainly on account of more emphasis on marine fishery in the past and due to lack of awareness and proper training skills for fishing community.

Recognising the economic, social, nutritional, environmental and aesthetic importance of inland fisheries and aquaculture, the Government through several measures have aspired to introduce buoyancy in the inland fishery sector .Therefore, to draw the economic, social and nutritional benefits from inland fisheries and aquaculture in a sustainable manner, it has been perceived to adopt a judicious combination of implementation and effective regulatory framework, eco-friendly fishing and aquaculture practices with the larger involvement of the fisher communities and fish farmers.

With this objective in mind, the Government recently drafted model guidelines on Inland fisheries and aquaculture, which has been circulated to all State Governments for effective implementation. Through these guidelines, the Government intends to ensure sustainable fish productive to meet the needs of food and nutritional security, generation of gainful employment in rural sector and to improve the socio-economic condition of the target groups.

The Government recognizes the need for availability of quality seed and feed if the growth in inland fish production has to be sustained in the long run. Therefore, the Government circulated guidelines to all the State Governments for establishment of a seed certification and accreditation system in their respective States. These guidelines, inter-alia, provide procedures for accreditation of hatcheries and seed farms, quality benchmarks, seed certification process and the structure of the implementing agency.

It has been observed that inland fishery today is dominated mainly by the freshwater fishery. In order for enhanced production, there is a need for diversification of fish production in other areas like integrated fish farming, cold water fisheries, riverine fisheries, capture fisheries, brackish water fishery etc. The recent measures therefore have targeted Intensive Aquaculture in ponds and tanks through integrated fish farming, carp polyculture, freshwater prawn culture, running water fish culture and development of riverine fisheries. The reservoir fisheries is being promoted through cage culture and pen culture and by setting up fish rearing units on large scale.

The Centrally Sponsored Scheme –“Development of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture” provide assistance to fish farmers through State Governments, with the objective of developing various components of inland fisheries and aquaculture that include development of freshwater, brackish water, cold water, reservoir fisheries and also to encourage integrated fish farming.

A new mission mode scheme called “National Mission for protein Supplements (NMPS)” was launched very recently with an outlay of Rs 100 crore for undertaking cage and pen culture in reservoirs and for intensive aquaculture in ponds and tanks in 12 identified States with an objective of enhancing the fish production and productivity of reservoirs and ponds and tanks.

All these measures are expected to improve the fisheries and aquaculture sector further and will consolidate the position of India in the Global fish production and aquaculture

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