Showing posts with label CURRENT AFFAIRS 2015. Show all posts
Showing posts with label CURRENT AFFAIRS 2015. Show all posts

Sunday, March 22, 2015


Tuesday, March 3, 2015

Heads of Important Offices in India

Mr. Narendra Modi : Chairman, National Institution for Transforming India (Niti Aayog)
Mrs. Sumitra Mahajan : Speaker, Lok Sabha.
Mohammad Hamid Ansari : Chairman, Rajya Sabha.
Mr. P. J. Kurien : Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha.
Mr. Arun Jaitley : Leader of House (Rajya Sabha).
Mr. Ghulam Nabi Azad : Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha).
Mr. Arvind Panagariya : Vice-Chairman, National Institution for Transforming India (Niti Aayog)
Mr. Harishankar Brahma : Chief Election Commissioner.
Syed Nasim Zaidi : Election Commissioner.
Mr. Shashi Kant Sharma : Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
Mr. Justice K. G. Balakrishnan : Chairperson, National Human Right Commission (NHRC)
Mr. Ajit Kumar Seth : Cabinet Secretary.
Mr. Nripendra Misra : Principal Secretary to Prime Minister.
Justice V. Eshwaraiah : Chairman, National Commission for Backward Classes.
Ms. Shanta Sinha : Chairperson, National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)
Dr. P. L. Punia : Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Castes
Dr.Rameshwar Oraon : Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST).
Mr. Deepak Gupta : Chairman, Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).
Dr. M. S. Swaminathan : Chairman, National Commission on Farmers (NCF).
Mr. Ajit Kumar Doval : National Security Adviser and Special Adviser to PM (Internal Security).
Mr. Sharad Kumar : Director-General, National Investigation Agency (NIA)
Mr. A. K. Mital : Chairman, Railway Board.
Mr. Shumsher K. Sheriff : Secretary-General, Rajya Sabha
Mr. T. K. Viswanathan : Secretary-General, Lok Sabha.
Mr. Dineshwar Sharma : Director, Intelligence Bureau (IB).
Mr. Anil Kumar Sinha : Director, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Mr. Rajinder Khanna : Director, Research and Analysis Wing (RAW).
Mr. Jayanto Narayan Choudhury : Director-General, National Security Guard (NSG).
Mr. Prakash Mishra : Director-General, CRPF.
Mr. Devendra Kumar Pathak : Director-General, Border Security Force (BSF).
Mr. Arvind Ranjan : Director-General, Central Industrial Security Force (CISF).
Mr. P. K. Mehta : Director-General, Railway Protection Force. (RPF)
Mr. Parkash Mishra : Director-General, Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP).
Mr. B. D. Sharma : Director-General, Sashastra Seema Bal.
Vice-Admiral Anurag G. Thapliyal : Director-General, Indian Coast Guard.
Lt. Gen. Avtar Singh : Director-General, Defence Intelligence Agency.
Prof. Ved Prakash : Chairman, UGC.
Dr. Avinash Chander : Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister and Secretary, Defence Research and Development Organisation. (DRDO)
Dr. R. Chidambaram : Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government.
Mr. A. S. Kiran Kumar : Chairman, Space Commission and ISRO.
Mr. Ratan Kumar Sinha : Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Dept. of Atomic Energy.
Mr. Naseem Ahmad : Chairperson, National Commission for Minorities.
Mr. Amitava Bhattacharya : Chairman, Staff Selection Commission (SSC).
Dr. Vishwa Mohan Katoch : Director-General, Indian Council of Medical Research.
Mr. C. Chandramouli : Registrar-General of India and Census Commissioner.
Justice D. K. Jain : Chairman, Law Commission.
Dr. B. N. Suresh : President, Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE).
Mr. Justice (Retd.) B. N. Kirpal : Chairman, National Forest Commission.
Mr. T. Nanda Kumar : Chairperson, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB).
Lt. General AT Parnaik : Director-General, Border Roads Organisation.
Dr. Raghuram Rajan : Governor, RBI.
Justice Mr. Chandramauli Kumar Prasad : Chairman, Press Council of India.
Mr. Ravindra Pisharody : Chairman, Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC).
Mr. R. K. Tewari : Chairman, Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT).
Mrs. J.M. Shanti Sundharam : Chairman, Central Board of Excise and Customs.
Mr. Ashok Chawla : Competition Commission of India
Justice Syed Rafat Alam : Chairman, Central Administrative Tribunal
Mr. R.S.T. Sai : CMD, National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC).
Mr. R. S. Sharma : CMD, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).
Mr. B. C. Tripathi : CMD, GAIL.
Mr. S. Behuria : Chairman, IOC.
Mr. Sunil Kumar Srivastava : CMD, Oil India Ltd.
Dr. Satbir Bedi : Chairperson, Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).
Mr. U. K. Sinha : Chairman, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).
Dr. Harsh Kumar Bhanwala : Chairman, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).
Smt. Arundhati Bhattacharya : Chairman, SBI.
Mr. M. S. Raghavan : Chairman, IDBI.
Justice Dilip Raosaheb Deshmukh : Chairman, Company Law Board.
Mr. Hardeep Singh Puri : India's Permanent Representative to UN.
Mr. S. K. Roy : Chairman, Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)
Mr. Ashwin Pandya : Chairman, Central Water Commission.
Ms. Lalitha Kumarmangalam : Chairperson, National Commission for Women.
Dr. Y. V. Reddy: Chairman, 14th Finance Commission.
Dr. Pronob Sen : Chairman, National Statistical Commission.
Mr. Pahlaj Nihalani : Chairperson, Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC).
Dr. Rakesh Tewari : Director-General, Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
Dr. Jyotsna Suri : President, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)
Dr. Rahul Khullar : Chairman, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). 
Dr. Rajan Katoch : Director, Enforcement Directorate.
Mr. R. V. Verma : Chairman, Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA).
Dr. Sekhar Basu : Director, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre.
Mr. N. Ramachandran : President, Indian Olympic Association.
Prof. B.K.Tripathi : Acting Director, National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT).
Mr. Ajay S. Shriram : President, Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). 
Dr. A. Surya Prakash : Chairman, Prasar Bharti Board.
Mr. Ratan Tata : Chairman, Investment Commission.
Mr. Jagmohan Dalmiya : 
Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).
Mr. R. Chandrasekaran : Chairman, NASSCOM.
Mr. Ramesh Sippy : Chairman, National Film Development Corporation (NFDC).
Mr. Ravindra Kumar: Chairman, United News of India.
Mr. Mahendra Mohan Gupta : Chairman, PTI.
Mr. Kiran B. Vadodaria : President, Indian Newspaper Society (INS).
Mr. Rana Kapoor : President, The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM). 

Tuesday, February 24, 2015

87th Academy Awards (Oscar Awards 2015)


87th Academy Award, popularly called Oscar Awards, was conferred on 22 February 2015. The award ceremony was held at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles.
The Oscar Awards for the year 2015 were presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) in 24 categories.
The awards were produced by Neil Meron and Craig Zadan and directed by Hamish Hamilton. Actor Neil Patrick Harris hosted the ceremony for the first time.
The list of winners of 87th Academy Awards
  • Best Picture: Birdman
  • Best Director: Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu for Birdman
  • Best Actor: Eddie Redmayne for The Theory of Everything
  • Best Actress: Julianne Moore for Still Alice
  • Best Supporting Actor: JK Simmons for Whiplash
  • Best Supporting Actress: Patricia Arquette for Boyhood
  • Achievement in Costume Design: Milena Canonero for The Grand Budapest Hotel
  • Achievement in Makeup and Hairstyling: Frances Hannon and Mark Coulier for The Grand Budapest Hotel
  • Best Foreign Language Film: Ida directed by Pawel Pawlikowski
  • Best Live Action Short Film: The Phone Call
  • Best Documentary Short Subject: Crisis Hotline: Veterans Press 1
  • Original Screenplay: Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu, Nicolas Giacobone, Alexander Dinelaris, Armando Bo for Birdman
  • Achievement in Sound Mixing: Craig Mann, Ben Wilkins, Thomas Curley for Whiplash
  • Achievement in Sound Editing: Alan Robert Murray Bub Asman for American Sniper
  • Achievement in Visual Effects: Ian Hunter, Scott Fisher, Andrew Lockley and Paul Franklin for Interstellar
  • Best Animated Short Film: Feast directed by Patrick Osborne and Kristina Reed
  • Best Animated Movie: Big Hero Six 6
  • Achievement in Production Design: Adam Stockhausen and Anna Pinnock for The Grand Budapest Hotel
  • Achievement in Cinematograph: Emannuel Lubezki for Birdman
  • Achievement in Film Editing: Tom Cross for Whipalsh
  • Best Documentary Feature: Citizen Four directed by Laura Poitras
  • Best Original Song: John Stephens and Lonnie Lynn for Glory
  • Best Original Score: Alexandre Desplat for The Grand Budapest Hotel
  • Best Adapted Screenplay: Graham Moore for The Imitation Game

Tuesday, February 17, 2015

Services Tax


Saturday, February 14, 2015

List of Jnanpith Award Winners (1965–2014)


Jnanpith Award is being given for the best creative literary writing by any Indian citizen in any of the languages included in the VIII Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The Award is the brain-child of late Smt. Rama Jain, the first President of and the moving spirit behind the Bharatiya Jnanpith since its inception. It has become the most prestigious literary award of the country. This awards inlude sum of Rs. 5 lakhs including citation.

Year : Name – Works (Language)
1965 :
 G. Sankara Kurup – Odakkuzhal [Flute] (Malayalam)
1966 : Tarashankar Bandopadhyaya – Ganadevta (Bengali)
1967 : Kuppali Venkatappagowda Puttappa (Kuvempu) – Sri Ramayana Darshanam (Kannada)
1967 : Umashankar Joshi – Nishitha (Gujarati)
1968 : Sumitranandan Pant – Chidambara (Hindi)
1969 : Firaq Gorakhpuri – Gul-e-Naghma (Urdu)
1970 : Viswanatha Satyanarayana – Ramayana Kalpavrikshamu [A resourceful tree:Ramayana] (Telugu)
1971 : Bishnu Dey Smriti – Satta Bhavishyat (Bengali)
1972 : Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' – Urvashi (Hindi)
1973 : Dattatreya Ramachandra Bendre – Nakutanti [Naku Thanthi (Four Strings)] (Kannada)
1973 : Gopinath Mohanty – Paraja (Oriya)
1974 : Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar – Yayati (Marathi)
1975 : P. V. Akilan – Chitttrappavai (Tamil)
1976 : Ashapurna Devi – Pratham Pratisruti (Bengali)
1977 : K. Shivaram Karanth – Mookajjiya Kanasugalu [Mookajjis dreams] (Kannada)
1978 : Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayan 'Ajneya' – Kitni Navon Men Kitni Bar [How many times in many boats?] (Hindi)
1979 : Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya – Mrityunjay [Immortal] (Assamese)
1980 : S. K. Pottekkatt – Oru Desathinte Katha [Story of a land] (Malayalam)
1981 : Amrita Pritam – Kagaj te Canvas (Punjabi)
1982 : Mahadevi Varma – Yama (Hindi)
1983 : Maasti Venkatesh Ayengar – Chikkaveera Rajendra [Life and struggle of Kodava King Chikkaveera Rajendra] (Kannada)
1984 : Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai – Kayar [Coir] (Malayalam)
1985 : Pannalal Patel – Maanavi Ni Bhavaai (Gujarati)
1986 : Sachidananda Rout Roy (Oriya)
1987 : Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar (Kusumagraj) – Natsamrat (Marathi)
1988 : Dr.C. Narayana Reddy – Vishwambhara (Telugu)
1989 : Qurratulain Hyder – Akhire Shab Ke Humsafar (Urdu)
1990 : V. K. Gokak (Vinayaka Krishna Gokak) – Bharatha Sindhu Rashmi (Kannada)
1991 : Subhas Mukhopadhyay – Padati (Bengali)
1992 : Naresh Mehta (Hindi)
1993 : Sitakant Mahapatra – "for outstanding contribution to the enrichment of Indian literature, 1973-92" (Oriya)
1994 : U. R. Ananthamurthy – for his contributions to (Kannada) literature (Kannada)
1995 : M. T. Vasudevan Nair – Randamoozham [Second Chance] (Malayalam)
1996 : Mahasweta Devi – Hajar Churashir Ma (Bengali)
1997 : Ali Sardar Jafri (Urdu)
1998 : Girish Karnad – "for his contributions to (Kannada) literature and for contributions to (Kannada) theater (yayati)" (Kannada)
1999 : Nirmal Verma (Hindi)
1999 : Gurdial Singh (Punjabi)
2000 : Indira Goswami (Assamese)
2001 : Rajendra Keshavlal Shah (Gujarati)
2002 : D. Jayakanthan (Tamil)
2003 : Vinda Karandikar – Ashtadarshana (poetry) (Marathi)
2004 : Rahman Rahi – Subhuk Soda, Kalami Rahi and Siyah Rode Jaren Manz (Kashmiri)
2005 : Kunwar Narayan (Hindi)
2006 : Ravindra Kelekar (Konkani)
2006 : Satya Vrat Shastri (Sanskrit)
2007 : O. N. V. Kurup (Malayalam)
2008 : Akhlaq Mohammed Khan 'Shahryar' (Urdu)
2009 : Amar Kant (Hindi)
2009 : Shrilal Shukla (Hindi)
2010 : Chandrashekhara Kambara – for his contributions to Kannada literature (Kannada)
 
2011 : Pratibha RayYajnaseni (Oriya)
2012 : Ravuri Bharadhwaja - For his notable contribution to Telugu literature (Telugu)
2013 :   Kedarnath Singh - For his notable contribution to Hindi literature. ‘Abhi bilkul abhi’ and ‘Yahan se dekho’ are among his prominent works (Hindi)
2014  : Bhalchandra Vanaji Nemade (Marathi)
‘Abhi bilkul abhi’ and ‘Yahan se dekho’ are among his prominent works - See more at: http://www.onlinegk.com/current-affairs/current-affairs-june-2014#sthash.QTmHJyfr.dpuf

Monday, January 26, 2015

Padma Awares 2015

  Padma Awards - one of the highest civilian Awards of the country, are conferred in three categories, namely, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri. The Awards are given in various disciplines/ fields of activities, viz.- art, social work, public affairs, science and engineering, trade and industry, medicine, literature and education, sports, civil service, etc. ‘Padma Vibhushan’ is awarded for exceptional and distinguished service; ‘Padma Bhushan’ for distinguished service of high order and ‘Padma Shri’ for distinguished service in any field. The awards are announced on the occasion of Republic Day every year.

These awards are conferred by the President of India at ceremonial functions which are held at Rashtrapati Bhawan usually around March/ April every year. This year the President of India has approved conferment of Padma Awards to 104 persons as per the list below. The list comprises of 9 Padma Vibhushan, 20 Padma Bhushan and 75 Padma Shri Awardees.  17 of the awardees are women and the list also includes 17 persons from the category of foreigners, NRIs, PIOs and 4 Posthumous awardees.

 

Padma Vibhushan


S. No.
Name of the Awardee
Discipline
State/Domicile

1.                  
Shri L. K. Advani
Public Affairs
Gujarat
2.                  
Shri Amitabh Bachchan
Art
Maharashtra
3.                  
Shri Prakash Singh Badal
Public Affairs
Punjab
4.                  
Dr. D. Veerendra Heggade
Social Work
Karnataka
5.                  
Shri Mohammad Yusuf Khan alias Dilip Kumar
Art
Maharashtra
6.                  
Shri Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Swami Rambhadracharya
Others
Uttar Pradesh
7.                  
Prof. Malur Ramaswamy Srinivasan
Science and Engineering  
Tamil Nadu
8.                  
Shri Kottayan K. Venugopal

Public Affairs
Delhi
9.       
Shri Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan (Foreigner)
Trade and Industry
France/UK

Padma Bhushan

1.                  
Shri Jahnu Barua

Art
Assam
2.                  
Dr. Vijay Bhatkar

Science and Engineering
Maharashtra
3.                  
Shri Swapan Dasgupta
Literature and Education
Delhi
4.                  
Swami Satyamitranand Giri
Others
Uttar Pradesh
5.                  
Shri N. Gopalaswami
Civil Service
Tamil Nadu
6.                  
Dr. Subhash C. Kashyap
Public Affairs
Delhi
7.                  
Dr. (Pandit) Gokulotsavji Maharaj   
Art
Madhya Pradesh
8.                  
Dr. Ambrish  Mithal
Medicine
Delhi
9.                  
Smt. Sudha Ragunathan
Art
Tamil Nadu
10.              
Shri Harish Salve
Public Affairs
Delhi
11.              
Dr. Ashok Seth
Medicine
Delhi
12.              
Shri Rajat Sharma
Literature and Education
Delhi
13.              
Shri Satpal
Sports
Delhi
14.              
Shri Shivakumara Swami
Others
Karnataka
15.              
Dr. Kharag Singh Valdiya 
Science and Engineering
Karnataka
16.   
Prof. Manjul Bhargava
(NRI/PIO)
Science and Engineering
 USA
17.   
Shri David Frawley (Vamadeva)
(Foreigner)
Others
 USA
18.   
Shri Bill Gates
(Foreigner)
Social Work
 USA
19.   
Ms. Melinda Gates
 (Foreigner)
Social Work
 USA
20.   
Shri Saichiro Misumi
(Foreigner)
Others
 Japan


Padma Shri
1.       
Dr. Manjula Anagani
Medicine
Telangana
2.                  
Shri S. Arunan
Science and Engineering
Karnataka
3.                  
Ms. Kanyakumari Avasarala
Art
Tamil Nadu
4.       
Dr. Bettina Sharada Baumer
Literature and Education
Jammu and Kashmir
5.                  
Shri Naresh Bedi
Art
Delhi
6.                  
Shri Ashok Bhagat
Social Work
Jharkhand
7.                  
Shri Sanjay Leela Bhansali
Art
Maharashtra
8.                  
Dr. Lakshmi Nandan Bora
Literature and Education 
Assam
9.                  
Dr. Gyan  Chaturvedi
Literature and Education 
Madhya Pradesh
10.              
Prof. (Dr.) Yogesh Kumar Chawla
Medicine
Chandigarh
11.              
Smt. Jayakumari Chikkala
Medicine
Delhi
12.              
Shri Bibek Debroy
Literature and Education 
Delhi
13.              
Dr. Sarungbam Bimola  Kumari Devi
Medicine
Manipur
14.              
Dr. Ashok Gulati
 Public Affairs
Delhi
15.              
Dr.  Randeep  Guleria
Medicine
Delhi
16.              
Dr. K. P. Haridas
Medicine
Kerala
17.              
Shri Rahul Jain
Art
Delhi
18.              
Shri Ravindra Jain
Art
Maharashtra
19.              
Dr. Sunil Jogi
Literature and Education
Delhi
20.              
Shri Prasoon Joshi
Art
Maharashtra
21.              
Dr. Prafulla Kar
Art
Odisha
22.              
Ms. Saba Anjum  
Sports
Chhattisgarh
23.              
Smt. Ushakiran Khan
Literature and Education 
Bihar
24.              
Dr. Rajesh Kotecha
Medicine
Rajasthan
25.              
Prof. Alka Kriplani
Medicine
Delhi
26.              
Dr. Harsh Kumar
Medicine
Delhi
27.              
Shri Narayana Purushothama Mallaya
Literature and Education
Kerala
28.              
Shri Lambert Mascarenhas
Literature and Education
Goa
29.              
Dr. (Mrs.) Janak Palta McGilligan
Social Work
Madhya Pradesh
30.              
Shri Veerendra Raj Mehta
Social Work
Delhi
31.              
Shri Tarak Mehta
Art
Gujarat
32.              
Shri Neil Herbert Nongkynrih
Art
Meghalaya
33.              
Shri Chewang Norphel
Others
Jammu and Kashmir
34.              
Shri T. V. Mohandas Pai
Trade and Industry
Karnataka
35.              
Dr.Tejas Patel
Medicine
Gujarat
36.              
Shri Jadav Molai Peyang
Others
Assam
37.              
Smt. Bimla Poddar
Other
Uttar Pradesh
38.              
Dr. N. Prabhakar
Science and Engineering
Delhi
39.              
Dr. Prahalada
Science and Engineering
Maharashtra
40.              
Dr. Narendra Prasad
Medicine
Bihar
41.              
Shri Ram Bahadur Rai
Literature and Education
Delhi
42.              
Ms. Mithali Raj
Sports
Telangana
43.              
Shri P. V.  Rajaraman
Civil Service 
Tamil Nadu
44.              
Prof.  J. S. Rajput
Literature and Education 
Uttar Pradesh
45.              
Shri Kota Srinivasa Rao
Art
Andhra Pradesh
46.              
Prof. Bimal Roy
Literature and Education
West Bengal
47.              
Shri Shekhar Sen
Art
Maharashtra
48.              
Shri Gunvant Shah
Literature and Education 
Gujarat
49.              
Shri Brahmdev Sharma (Bhaiji)
Literature and Education 
Delhi
50.              
Shri Manu Sharma
Literature and Education 
Uttar Pradesh
51.              
Prof. Yog Raj Sharma
Medicine 
Delhi
52.              
Shri Vasant Shastri
Science and Engineering
Karnataka
53.              
Shri S. K. Shivkumar
Science and Engineering
Karnataka
54.              
Ms. P. V. Sindhu
Sports
Telangana
55.              
Shri Sardara Singh
Sports
Haryana
56.              
Ms. Arunima Sinha
Sports   
Uttar Pradesh
57.              
Shri Mahesh Raj Soni
Art
Rajasthan
58.              
Dr.Nikhil Tandon
Medicine
Delhi
59.              
Shri H. Thegtse Rinpoche
Social Work
Arunachal Pradesh
60.              
Dr.Hargovind Laxmishanker Trivedi
Medicine
Gujarat
61.   
Shri Huang Baosheng
(Foreigner)
Others
China
62.   
Prof. Jacques Blamont
(Foreigner)
Science and Engineering
France
63.   
Late Shri Syedna Mohammad Burhanuddin
(Posthumous)
Others
Maharashtra
64.   
Shri Jean-Claude Carriere
(Foreigner)
Literature and Education
France
65.   
Dr. Nandrajan “Raj” Chetty
(NRI/PIO)
Trade and Industry
USA
66.   
Shri George L. Hart
(Foreigner)
Others
USA
67.   
Jagat Guru Amrta Suryananda Maha Raja (NRI/PIO)
Others
Portugal
68.   
Late Shri Meetha Lal Mehta (Posthumous)
Social Work
Rajasthan
69.   
Ms. Tripti Mukherjee
(NRI/PIO)
Art
USA
70.   
Dr. Dattatreyudu Nori
(NRI/PIO)
Medicine
USA
71.   
Dr. Raghu Rama Pillarisetti
(NRI/PIO)
Medicine
USA
72.   
Dr. Saumitra Rawat
(NRI/PIO)
Medicine
UK
73.   
Prof. Annette Schmiedchen
(Foreigner)
Literature and Education
Germany
74.   
Late Shri Pran Kumar Sharma alias Pran (Posthumous)
Art
Delhi
75.   
Late Shri R. Vasudevan
(Posthumous)
Civil Service
Tamil Nadu